Agriculture Commons^™

G81-574 Reproductive Diseases In Cattle, Duane Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The reproductive diseases mentioned in this NebGuide comprise some of the more common problems confronting the cattle industry today.

Although many advances have been made in controlling reproductive diseases in cattle, serious losses are still common. These losses can be reduced by recognizing the diseases and following the proper management recommendations that are available today. Nearly 50 percent of reproductive failure in cattle is due to infectious diseases, and there are vaccines available that can prevent some of these. Management recommendations may include: 1) vaccines, 2) general sanitation, 3) artificial insemination (AI) or, if a problem is already present, 4) …

G81-581 Cross Fences For Pastures Under Center Pivot Irrigation, James T. Nichols

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses different types of fences for center pivot irrigated pastures.

Irrigated pastures produce more forage and maintain stands longer under a "graze-rest" system of use. When grazing is practiced season-long, cross fences are necessary to control 1) when and for how long grazing is permitted on a particular pasture, and 2) the degree of desired use. These controls are not possible without cross fences, and sound grazing management becomes difficult.

Economic Impacts Of Public Grazing Reductions In The Livestock Industry With Emphasis On Utah, Deevon Bailey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper was to determine the immediate impact of reductions in public grazing on livestock production in the United States. This was accomplished by the use of linear programming techniques. Different grazing reduction simulations were utilized to determine the short and long run effects of across-the-board reductions in public grazing.

The United States was divided into 13 regions. The 11 western states were considered as individual regions. Special emphasis was placed on the effects of grazing reduction on Utah. The availability and utilization of feed and livestock products during a "normal year", 1978, were considered in this …

Bulletin 3967 - Cyanogenetic Plants Of Western Australia, T E H Aplin

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

This article deals with those native, naturalized and cultivated plants, which by virtue of contained cyanogenetic glycosides, are known to be poisonous or potentially poisonous to livestock in Western Australia.

Cyanogenetic glycosides are chemical compounds which contain a cyanogen (cyanide) radical combined with a sugar molecule. The sugar moiety may differ in glycosides obtained from different plants, and as a consequence glycosides from different plants, containing different sugar moieties, may be given different names.

When a cyanogenetic glycoside is broken down by enzyme action, through injury to the plant or by microbial action in the digestive system of the animal, …

G79-476 Composition Of Feeds In Relation To Cattle Nutrition, Paul Q. Guyer, Foster G. Owen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide examines the major nutritional components of cattle feed. Plants serve as the major source of feed for livestock. Nutrients required for maintenance and production are provided by various plants and plant derived feeds along with small amounts from non-plant sources. The major constituents of plants are water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins. Both plants and animals contain these nutrients, but the relative proportions vary more in plants.

G79-453 Sheep Space Allotments, Ted Doane

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide helps sheep producers plan for optimum spacing requirements for different classes of sheep.

Many sheep producers are converting old farmstead buildings to livestock facilities, or are interested in building new units for sheep. A producer planning his sheep facilities needs to know the optimum spacing required for different classes of sheep. This NebGuide is designed to help make these decisions.

G79-467 Livestock Water Quality, Paul Q. Guyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The purpose of this report is to discuss what is involved in livestock water quality and how one goes about getting an analysis that will help in determining this quality, and to assist in the interpretation of such an analysis.

A successful livestock enterprise requires a good water supply, both in terms of quantity and quality. While shortage is obvious to the stockowner, he sometimes needs the help of a laboratory in evaluating the quality of a supply. The purpose of this report is to discuss what is involved in livestock water quality and how one goes about getting an …

G79-433 Rearing Lambs On Milk Replacers, Ted Doane

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Rearing orphan lambs on milk replacers can help increase profit.

Orphan lambs can be an extra profit to the farm flock. As much as $40/lamb can be paid to labor if time is available. A warm room (in the winter) and some basic equipment are all that are necessary.

A large portion of the nation's lamb crop dies from starvation during the first week after birth. Orphan lambs less than 4 weeks of age usually require the use of milk replacer supplementation. Switching lambs to milk replacers shortly after birth has not reached its full potential in sheep husbandry.

G79-432 Creep Feeding Lambs, Ted Doane

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses creep feeding for lambs, making supplemental feed available only to nursing lambs.

Creep feeding is a management practice of making supplemental feed available only to nursing lambs. Creep feeding is desirable because: (1) lambs gain as much as a third to half a pound per day more when their milk diet is supplemented with grain, (2) the lambs are ready for market 1 to 2 months earlier, thus earlier marketing is adapted to a higher market for spring lambs, and (3) the lambs are not allowed to go to spring pasture, thus permitting more ewes on the …

Interregional Competition In Markets Facing Utah Livestock And Poultry Producers, Terrell O. Sorensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to make an evaluation of the competitive position of the Utah livestock industry based on feed ingredient and transportation costs, This is done by the use of a linear programming model (MPS-360). This is on the basis of the least cost means of production to meet the quantity demanded of the livestock products. This is accomplished by dividing the United States into six regions where Utah is one of these regions to enable careful consideration of Utah's agricultural enterprises.

Beef, pork, broilers, turkeys, eggs, and milk are the agricultural products used in the model. …

G78-409 Cattle Grub Control In Nebraska (Revised November 1989), John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The control of cattle grubs is discussed here, as are possible insecticide reactions, warnings and restrictions.

Cattle grubs are the immature or larval stages of heel or warble flies. Losses from this insect begin with the fly stage in the insect's life history. As flies seek animals on which to deposit eggs, cattle become frightened and run. The running animal has its tail in the air, bent over the back. This behavior is termed "gadding."

Cattle fail to graze normally during the warble fly season because of gadding. They seek shade or stand in water to avoid the flies. The …

G78-396 Making Quality Corn And Sorghum Silage (Revised December 1986), Paul G. Guyer, Foster G. Owen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Harvesting corn and sorghum forage as silage is popular because it adapts to complete mechanization of forage production, harvesting, and feeding. It fits operations where capital can profitably replace labor. If you are going to harvest corn and sorghum forage as silage you need to make quality silage. Here's how.

G78-391 Controlling Poultry Insects, Robert E. Roselle, Earl W. Gleaves

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication contains information on the control of poultry insects. Poultry Lice Poultry lice are small, wingless insects with chewing mouthparts. The most common in Nebraska are brown chicken lice and chicken body lice. Less important are large chicken lice, shaft lice, chicken head lice, fluff lice, and several other species which are rarely present. Poultry Mites Several kinds of mites attack poultry. The most common are chicken mites and northern fowl mites. Occasionally scaley-leg mites are a problem.

G78-412 Guide For Controlling Insects On Pets (Revised December 1989), John B. Campbell, David L. Keith

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide is restricted to the most common insect pests of cats, dogs, rabbits, birds, guinea pigs, and gerbils.

Pets, like all animals, are subject to attack by certain insects. Sanitation around the area where pets are kept, cleanliness of the pets, good care and nutrition all help reduce the chance of a serious problem.

G77-355 A Guide For The Control Of Flies In Nebraska Feedlots And Dairies (Revised March 1990), John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Flies, especially stable and house flies, can create serious and costly problems for feedlot and dairy operations. This publication describes several methods for control.

Several species of flies may be in confined livestock facilities during summer. The stable and house fly are the most serious pests. Blow flies also may be present if molasses is in the diet. Horn flies--small blood-feeding flies--may be present in early spring. These flies overwinter as pupae in or near manure pats in range or pasture. If cattle are not present in the grassland when horn flies emerge, they will migrate to confinement cattle. Normally, …

G77-331 Sampling Feeds For Analyses, Bruce Anderson, Terry L. Mader, Rick Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Sampling is the key to accurate feed analyses and properly balancing livestock rations. Here's how to do it.

Accurate feed analyses are needed to balance livestock rations, correctly price hay, formulate least cost supplements, and efficiently allocate homegrown feeds to the proper class of livestock. Sampling is the most important factor affecting accuracy of feed analyses.

The feed value of most forages varies. Therefore, test forages routinely to determine their best and most economical use. With adequate forage testing, you can develop an accurate forage inventory which allows you to efficiently allocate higher quality forage to high-producing livestock and poorer …

G77-371 Nebraska Livestock Market Outlets, Allen Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

These are 629 outlets in Nebraska where one or more species of livestock may be sold. This does not include special sales by breed associations and livestock shows.

This NebGuides discusses the major types of livestock market outlets which are: terminal markets, local markets, auctions, dealers and/or order buyers and slaughter plants.

G77-358 Artesian (Confinsed) Aquifers And Effect Of Pumping, Darryll T. Pederson, Deon D. Axthelm

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nebraskans are concerned about declining water levels in some domestic and stock wells.

Nebraskans are concerned about declining water levels in some domestic and stock wells. Drought and irrigation well development have been major factors. Water level declines have been especially pronounced during the pumping season in places where the aquifer is artesian or confined (a confined aquifer is also referred to as an artesian aquifer). Many domestic and livestock pumps may have to be set deeper in order to yield water. In nearly all cases water levels recover rapidly when the pumping season ends. Large water-level fluctuations are normal …

G77-374 Seasonal Prices For Meat Animals, Allen C. Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Seasonal variations in livestock prices seem to follow a similar pattern from year to year. For some classes of livestock, these seasonal swings in prices have been quite consistent for a number of years; while others have changed considerably over time.

Seasonal price fluctuations result mostly from seasonal supply changes or variations in marketings. For any given year a cyclical change in price may override the season pattern. Seasonal price changes during the 1972-76 period also were influenced by a price freeze, as well as changes in supply and demand.

Seasonal price changes are important factors to consider in planning …

G76-325 Sweet Clover Poisoning, I,A. Schipper

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Sweet clover poisoning is a problem of varying frequency and intensity in livestock wherever sweet clover grows. The toxic compound produced in sweet clover prevents normal blood clotting resulting in hemorrhages and associated symptoms.

This publication covers which animals are most susceptible, the cause, prevention, management, and treatment of sweet clover poisoning.

G76-315 Establishing Black Walnut, Rick Hamilton, Neal E. Jennings

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication contains information on establishing a black walnut plantation.

Based on current market conditions, $20,000 to $30,000 worth of black walnut timber can be harvested from a managed acre within 50 years. The total cost of establishing an acre rarely exceeds $100, including site preparation, cost of seedlings, planting, and weed control. The decision to invest in a walnut plantation can be based on:

1. The rate of return on $100 per acre invested is 11.3 percent to 11.9 percent, yielding $20,000 to $30,000 within 50 years. The same investment at 6 percent interest would yield $1,842 at the …

A Rate/Cost Analysis Of Nebraska Meat Trucking Activities With Livestock Trucking Cost Comparisons, Dale G. Anderson, Wayne W. Budt

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

This study was designed to measure costs of long-distance shipment of meat by motor carrier. Costs were compared with published rates for meat shipments by truck, rail and trailer-on-flatcar (TOFC). Finally, meat trucking costs were compared with costs of trucking meat-equivalent amounts of livestock. Results of the study provide a partial basis for evaluating the economic merits of expanded livestock production activities in grain-surplus Great Plains locations. Such an expansion might aid in the economic development of the region and ease the chronic problem of rail freight-car supply. Proposals ranging from extension of present regulation to cover livestock trucking to …

Ec75-1427 Ponds For Nebraskans, Philip S. Gipson, Darrell E. Feit, Jerry W. Morris

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nebraskans construct ponds for a variety of reasons. Early ponds were usually constructed to provide water for livestock. Today they are for soil and water conservation, livestock water supply, and recreational activities such as fishing, hunting, and picnicking. The trend is to design ponds for multiple use and benefit.

This extension circular includes information on where and how to build a pond; farm pond design; wildlife planting and erosion control; control of water plants; wildlife plants for farm ponds; and managing for sport fishing.

G74-170 Nitrates In Livestock Feeding (Revised July 1996), Richard J. Rasby, Bruce Anderson, Norman Schneider

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Most forages contain some nitrates. When feeds containing nitrates are consumed by ruminants, nitrates are changed in the rumen to ammonia that is then converted by bacteria in the rumen into microbial protein. Nitrates are not always toxic to animals.

This NebGuide describes signs, causes, prevention and treatment of nitrate poisoning in livestock.

G74-154 Mosquito Control Guide (Revised March 1996), John B. Campbell, David L. Keith, W. Kramer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Mosquitoes are insects belonging to the order Diptera, the same one as flies. Worldwide there are over 3,000 species of mosquitoes, 150 of which are found in the United States. In Nebraska there are fewer than a dozen important species. Distribution of mosquitoes ranges from the Arctic to the Tropical Rain Forests.

The life cycle, control, and impact of mosquitoes common to Nebraska are discussed.

G74-154 Mosquito Control Guide (Revised August 1983), John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The annoying bite of the mosquito not only interferes with human work and leisure time but may also transmit encephalitis. Persisent mosquito attacks on catttle can cause weight loss and force cattle out of river pastures.

The life cycle, control, and impact of mosquitoes common in Nebraska are discussed.

G74-154 Mosquito Control Guide (Revised 1974), John B. Campbell, David L. Keith, W. Kramer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Mosquitoes are insects belonging to the order Diptera. Although there are some 50 species of mosquitoes in Nebraska, fewer than a dozen are important.

This NebGuide discusses the life cycle, control and impact of mosquitoes common to Nebraska.

G74-136 Grain Sorghum Processing For Beef Cattle, Rick Stock, Terry L. Mader

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the feeding value of grain sorghum relative to corn and various grain processing methods for grain sorghum.

It has been widely recognized that grain sorghum (milo) must be processed to be efficiently used by finishing cattle. Grain sorghum shows more improved utilization from processing than corn, wheat and barley. Dry ground or rolled grain sorghum has a relative feeding value of 85% to 95% (avg 90%) of dry rolled corn. Processing grain sorghum by more sophisticated methods (early harvesting, steam-flaking, etc.) greatly enhances its feeding value.

Chemical composition suggests that there should be less difference in the …

G73-57 Hot Weather Livestock Stress, Allen C. Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

During periods of high temperatures and humidity, livestock losses can occur from "Hot Weather Stress." How weather stress is particularly hazardous to closely confined livestock (those in feedlots, sorting and holding pens, trucks and rail cars). High relative humidity when the temperature is at 80 degrees or higher adds to the likelihood of profit-stealing losses if necessary precautions are not taken.

Nebraska livestock producers can make their livestock handling and marketing plans flexible enough or take necessary precautions to reduce or eliminate livestock hot weather stress by following this Livestock Weather Hazard Guide.

G73-66 Mound Design For Feedlots, Paul Q. Guyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Shaping each feedlot pen to minimize mud problems is an important part of feedlot design.

Mud is our most costly weather hazard. Shaping each feedlot pen to minimize mud problems is an important part of feedlot design. While mud cannot be eliminated, proper shaping can reduce the number of days when it is a profit robber. And, proper shaping will also reduce the number of fly breeding areas within the pen, adding to summer comfort and gains. The cost is minimal at most locations if shaping is done before installing fencing, bunks, waterers and aprons.