Agriculture Commons^™

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2024, Jeremy Ross

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2024 Arkansas Soybean Research Studies includes research reports on topics pertaining to soybean across several disciplines from breeding to post-harvest processing. Research reports contained in this publication may represent preliminary or only data from a single year or limited results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for long-term recommendations. Several research reports in this publication will appear in other University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station publications. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between disciplines and our effort to inform Arkansas soybean producers of the research being …

Irrigation, Crop, And Soil Management Impacts On Water Use In Pivots/Laterals, Tejinder Singh, Matt Yost, Masoumeh Hashemi, Burdette Barker, Cheyenne Reid, Rebekah E. Iverson

All Current Publications

In this fact sheet, we describe evapotranspiration (ET), introduce a new tool, the soil moisture evapotranspiration (SMET) model, and share results from multi-year trials across Utah evaluating different center-pivot irrigation technologies, deficit irrigation strategies, crop types, drought-tolerant crop genetics, and conservation agriculture practices. These findings highlight how Utah growers can improve water productivity and maintain profitable production under limited water supplies.

Temporal Dynamics Of Irrigation Characteristics In South Carolina, Selvalakshmi Selvaraj, Jose O. Payero, Dana B. Turner

Journal of South Carolina Water Resources

Irrigation plays a vital role in stabilizing crop production under climatic variability in the southeastern United States. However, limited long-term empirical evidence exists on how irrigation practices, water sources, and energy demands have evolved in South Carolina. The aim of this study was to examine temporal changes in irrigation characteristics in South Carolina. The analysis utilized two decades (2003–2023) of data from the United States Department of Agriculture – National Agricultural Statistics Service, Irrigation and Water Management Surveys. Results showed a 65% increase in the number of irrigated farms and 260% expansion in irrigated acreage over the twenty-year period. Groundwater …

Achieving Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Non-Flooded Rice Through Effective Nitrogen Fertilizer Management, Nikki Arivel Larazo

Student Theses and Dissertations

Rice cultivation offers many opportunities including secure food supply, support livelihoods and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), particularly methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). This study evaluated the impact of irrigation method and nitrogen (N) fertilizer type on GHG emissions and yield in drill-seeded rice from 2022 to 2024. A field study was conducted to compare the impacts of flooded and furrow irrigation with either Urea or sulfur-enriched urea (Urea-S) at 168 kg N ha⁻¹ on rice yield, N use efficiency and GHG emissions. Gas samples were collected using flux vented chamber method and analyzed via gas chromatography. Furrow irrigation …

The Impacts Of Management Practices On Industrial Hemp Chemistry, Physiology, And Microbiome Ecology., Allison Marie Rietman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Agroecology incorporates ecology and agronomy to inform crop management. Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a prime system to investigate agroecological questions because it has only recently been authorized for commercial cultivation and its sensitivity to biotic and abiotic stressors is unresolved. Here, I investigate how some conventional management choices, including the application of fungicide, plastic mulch, and irrigation, impact the physiology, chemistry, and microbial ecology of industrial hemp. Overall, I found that industrial hemp can be both resilient and resistant to these stressors, an important development for the industry. In Chapter II, I tested the impacts of fungicide application …

Early Survival And Growth Of Haloxylon Ammodendron Seedlings Under Irrigation In Arid Southern Tajikistan, Jieun Ahn, Gaeun Kim, Heejae Jo, Jieun Park, Youngjin Lee, Woo-Kyun Lee, Asia Khamzina, Yowhan Son

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Understanding plant drought responses is crucial for effective afforestation in drylands. This study aimed to investigate the effects of irrigation (31.25 mm seedling–1 every 45 days) on the early survival and growth of 3-month-old Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings at an afforestation site established in Tajikistan in 2021. In July 2022 and June 2023, surveys were conducted to compare seedling survival rates, height, root collar diameter (RCD), stem volume per unit area, and height-to-RCD ratio between irrigation (IR) and nonirrigation (NIR) treatments. The IR treatment increased survival rates in 2022 but not in 2023. By 2023, the IR treatment had increased the …

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2024, J. F. Carlin, R. D. Bond, T. C. Swanson, J. C. Mccoy

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean variety and strain performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Crop Variety Improvement Program. The tests provide information to companies developing varieties and/ or marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating variety recommendations for soybean producers.

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2023, Jeremy Ross

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2023 Arkansas Soybean Research Studies includes research reports on topics pertaining to soybean across several disciplines from breeding to post-harvest processing. Research reports contained in this publication may represent preliminary or only data from a single year or limited results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for long-term recommendations.

Several research reports in this publication will appear in other University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station publications. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between disciplines and our effort to inform Arkansas soybean producers of the research …

Remains From The Crusader And Late Ottoman Periods At The French School On Yefet Street, Yafo (Jaffa) (With Contributions By Edna J. Stern, Brigitte Ouahnouna, Alexander Glick And Polina Spivak) (Pp. 469–496), Yoav Arbel, Limor Talmi

'Atiqot

The French School excavation encompassed three areas (A, B, C): Area A yielded a substantial volume of Crusader-period pottery, perhaps alluding to the existence of a Crusader-period moat, and late Ottoman-period building remains and a water reservoir; in Area B, a Crusader-period pedestal, as well as a late Ottoman-period well, channels and wall foundations, were exposed; and in Area C were found the remains of Crusader-period pedestals, late Ottoman-period wall remains and two pit graves of uncertain date. The remains from the late Ottoman period point to Yafo’s orderly spatial organization during the nineteenth century.

Remains From Middle Bronze Age Ii And The Byzantine, Early Islamic And Ottoman Periods At Bene Beraq (With A Contribution By Maayan Shemer) (Hebrew, Pp. 33*–66*; English Summary, Pp. 241–243), Ayelet Dayan, Dor Golan, Yoav Arbel

'Atiqot

The excavation conducted at Bene Beraq yielded remains dating from Middle Bronze Age II and the Byzantine, Early Islamic and Ottoman periods. Five poorly preserved tombs and a pottery kiln were dated to the end of MB IIA–beginning of MB IIB; the kiln resembles other such installations found in the central coastal plain. It seems that the site was a small satellite site located along Naḥal Ha-Yarqon, contemporary with the large cities of Afeq-Antipatris, Yafo and Tel Gerisa. The finds from the Late Roman–Byzantine periods included many antilia vessels, pointing to the existence of an antilia well nearby. Two perpendicular …

Or ‘Aqiva: Remains Of A Farming Complex And Irrigation System From The End Of The Byzantine–Beginning Of The Early Islamic Periods In The Agricultural Hinterlandof Caesarea (Hebrew, Pp. 49*–60*; English Summary, Pp. 133–134), Uzi Ad

'Atiqot

Salvage excavations in the northern industrial zone of Or ‘Aqiva unearthed a complex belonging to the agricultural hinterland of Caesarea during the late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. The complex included a building, a well, a water channel, a large round plaza and walls that delimited paths in the cultivated area. The finds included pottery, glass vessels and coins, mainly dating to the late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. The architectural finds and the impressive size of the round plaza imply that the complex was built under state initiative. The irrigation system exposed here is the fist evidence of agricultural activity in a region …

Excavations And Surveys At Ḥorbat Anusha And Ḥorbat Leved In The Samarian Shephelah (Hebrew, Pp. 109–159; English Summary, Pp. 62–64), Ofer Sion, Uzi ‘Ad, Mordechai Haiman, Giora Parnos

'Atiqot

The area under investigation is located in the lowlands extending between the center of the Samarian Hills and the coastal plain. The excavations exposed farmhouses and various installations, such as field towers, fortified towers, farming terraces, water installations, quarries, limekilns, stone clearance heaps and cupmarks. Based on the finds from these excavations, as well as from previous surveys, it is assumed that Ḥorbat Anusha was already occupied during Iron Age II and the Persian period. A possible ritual bath might indicate an occupation in the Second Temple period. Most of the construction dates to the Byzantine period, including a farmstead …

Or ‘Aqivq: Remains Of A Farming Complex And Irrigation System From The End Of The Byzantine–Beginning Of The Early Islamic Periods In The Agricultural Hinterlandof Caesarea (Hebrew, Pp. 49*–60*; English Summary, Pp. 133–134), Uzi Ad

'Atiqot

Salvage excavations in the northern industrial zone of Or ‘Aqiva unearthed a complex belonging to the agricultural hinterland of Caesarea during the late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. The complex included a building, a well, a water channel, a large round plaza and walls that delimited paths in the cultivated area. The finds included pottery, glass vessels and coins, mainly dating to the late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. The architectural finds and the impressive size of the round plaza imply that the complex was built under state initiative. The irrigation system exposed here is the fist evidence of agricultural activity in a region …

Determination Of Manganese Concentration In Forages, Soil, Sewage Water Of Three Suburban Areas Of Sargodha, Pakistan, Iqra Anwar, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Kafeel Ahmad, Naila Riaz, Faiza Zubair, Asma Ashfaq, Muhammad Fahad Ullah, Farzana Siddique, Ijaz Rasool Noorka, Abid Ejaz, Maloofa Manzoor, Umbreen Bibi, Hafiza Memona Nazir, Saif Ullah

Journal of Bioresource Management

For irrigation of soil utilization of wastewater has risen significantly in the past few years. This wastewater often have large amount of trace elements and heavy metals, many of which are non-essential and harmful to living organisms such as plants, animals, and humans. In Pakistan, particularly around suburban areas, it is common to use this polluted water for growing vegetables. When such water is used for irrigation over an extended period of time, toxic substances can accumulate in the soil, potentially causing toxicity to plants and degrading soil quality. The samples analyzed in the study were prepared using the wet …

Nursery Cultural Practices Influence Morphological And Physiological Aspen Seedling Traits: Implications For Post-Fire Restoration, Aalap Dixit, Owen Burney

Aspen Bibliography

Aspen forests are threatened by the impacts of a changing climate and are showing large-scale mortality with meager natural regeneration to restore these loses. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for high-quality aspen seedlings to assist with forest restoration efforts. Nursery cultural practices can be used to alter aspen seedling traits to improve adaptability to dry planting conditions. In this study, the effects of container size (SC10 and D30; 158 and 590 mL, respectively) and nursery irrigation treatment (high and low irrigation; 90% and 70% container capacity, respectively) on seedling growth and a suite of morphological and physiological traits were …

A Comparative Analysis Of Openet For Evaluating Evapotranspiration In California Almond Orchards, Kyle Knipper, Martha Anderson, Nicholas Bambach, Forrest Melton, Zac Ellis, Yun Yang, John Volk, Andrew J. Mcelrone, William Kustas, Matthew Roby, Will Carrara, Sebastian Castro, Ayse Kilic, Joshua B. Fisher, Anderson Ruhoff, Gabriel B. Senay, Charles Morton, Sebastian Saa, Richard G. Allen

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The almond industry in California faces water management challenges that are being exacerbated by droughts, climate change, and groundwater sustainability legislation. The Tree-crop Remote sensing of Evapotranspiration eXperiment (T-REX) aims to explore opportunities to improve precision irrigation management for woody perennial cropping systems. Almond orchards in the California Central Valley were equipped with eddy covariance flux measurements to evaluate satellite remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (RSET) models. OpenET provides high-resolution (30-m spatial and daily temporal) RSET data, synthesizing decades of research for practical water management. This study provides an evaluation of OpenET performance at six almond sites covering a large range in …

Maintaining And Improving Irrigation Application Uniformity In Sprinkler And Drip Systems, Burdette Barker, Sheridan Stewart, Mark Nelson

All Current Publications

The goal of most irrigation system design and management is to provide all plants in an irrigated area with equal access to water. Ideally, each plant should receive the exact amount of water it needs. If a field needs 1 inch of water for irrigation, all parts of the field should receive exactly that. The reality is not so perfect. It is practically impossible to apply the same quantity of water to all plants in an irrigated area, plot, or field. In other words, all irrigation systems have some nonuniformities in the water delivered. Instead of designing and managing irrigation …

Extending Irrigation Reservoir Histories For Improved Groundwater Modeling And Conjunctive Water Management In Two Arkansas Critical Groundwater Areas, Daniel D. Shults, Michele L. Reba, John W. Nowlin, Joseph Massey, Quentin Read

Faculty Publications

Agricultural land managers in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain rely on the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer for the majority of the water used for irrigation in the region. Pumping that outpaces recharge has resulted in significant cones of depression in the region, increasing pumping costs and forcing producers to use more surface water, often in the form of constructing on-farm storage reservoirs. At the same time, efforts are underway to improve groundwater models to run scenarios of conjunctive water management in the region. The improved models require accurate depiction of how the system is being managed including the use of …

Environmental Implications Of Modern Food Production: An Analysis For The Conscious Consumer, Jessica T. Coming

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

This project explores the pathways by which agriculture affects the environment and determines which foods have the greatest climate, water, and land impacts. Agricultural effects on the environment are extensive, from loss of habitat and declines in regional biodiversity to disruption of global nutrient cycles and climate change. Global food production accounts for 26-34% of annual anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, makes up 38-46% of habitable land, and is responsible for 70% of freshwater extraction. The effect of agriculture on the environment is most significantly dictated by what type of food is being produced. Animal-based food products consistently have the highest …

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2022, Jeremy Ross

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Arkansas is the leading soybean-producing state in the mid-southern United States. Arkansas ranked 11th in soybean production in 2022 when compared to the other soybean-producing states in the U.S. The state represented 3.04% of the total U.S. soybean production and 3.64% of the total acres planted in soybean in 2022. The 2022 state soybean average yield was 52.0 bushels per acre, tying the previous state yield record of 52 bushels per acre set in 2021. The top five soybean-producing counties in 2022 were Mississippi, Crittenden, Phillips, Poinsett, and Arkansas (Table 1). These five counties accounted for over 35.7% of the …

Guide To Pivot Track Management, Matt Yost, Behnaz Molaei, R. Troy Peters, Clara Anderson, Burdette Barker, Jonathan Holt, Dustin Larsen

All Current Publications

Irrigation uniformity can be reduced by wheel track rutting because of tire slippage (Meyer & Hoffman, 1983). These impacts can result in costly repairs to equipment, including gear boxes (about $700 each) and center-drive motors (about $550 each), or hydraulic pumps and motors on certain makes of pivot. Labor and crop damage associated with freeing or repairing a pivot or caused by downtime can also be a great expense to the farmer. This guide covers different strategies for managing wheel track rutting for center pivots and lateral-move systems.

Irrigation Increases On-Farm Soybean Yields In Water-Limited Environments Without A Trade-Off In Seed Protein Concentration, Walter D. Carciochi, Patricio Grassini, Seth Naeve, James E. Specht, Mitiku Mamo, Ron Seymour, Aaron Nygren, Nathan Mueller, Sarah Sivits, Christopher A. Proctor, Jenny Rees, Todd Whitney, N. Cafaro La Menza

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Context or problem: A trade-off between seed protein concentration (SPC) and yield has been reported for soybean. Therefore, assessing management practices that can nullify this trade-off is relevant to avoid further declines in SPC in the future as yield continues to increase. While the positive effect of irrigation on yield is well documented, only a few studies have assessed the impact of irrigation on SPC, showing conflicting results.

Objective or research question: The objective was to determine if the trade-off between seed yield and SPC persists when irrigation is applied and how management, soil, and weather factors influence the trade-off. …

Evaluation Of Site-Specific, Zone Management In Northeast Arkansas Cotton, Nelson Ray Benson

Student Theses and Dissertations

Temporal and spatial variations in crop performance are common in agricultural production fields in northeastern Arkansas. With the alluvial soils of the Mississippi Delta region, within-field soil texture can range from coarse sand to heavy clay. Such variability influences chemical and physical soil properties that affect yield potential of the region’s commercial cropping systems. With advances in precision management, delineating large commercial fields into zones of homogenous production potential could increase profitability and improve efficiency. Standardized criteria for defining homogeneity within potential delineation zones have not been developed or field-tested in the region, which includes Mississippi County, Arkansas, the largest …

Agricultural Irrigated Land And Irrigation Water Use In Utah, Burdette Barker, Matt Yost, Cody Zesiger

All Current Publications

Utah is considered the second driest state in the United States. As a result, much of the agriculture and horticulture in Utah depends upon irrigation. Irrigation is an important feature of agriculture in Utah. The distribution of irrigated and water use varies across the state, based on water availability, topography, and soils. In recent years, sprinkler irrigation has overtaken surface methods as the dominant irrigation method, based on irrigated area, in Utah. About 75% to 80% of water withdrawals in Utah are for irrigation, with about 68% of that water being consumptive use. Alfalfa, other hay crops, and pasture are …

Understanding Irrigation Water Optimization, Burdette Barker, Matt Yost, Jody Gale, Mark Nelson

All Current Publications

Irrigation is applied to much of the cropped area of Utah to support crop production. Limited water resources and competing demand for those resources make irrigation water conservation, irrigation water optimization, and efficient use of irrigation water important components of overall water resource management. It is well known in Utah that optimal irrigation use is even more critical during drought conditions. However, optimization practices change the quantity, quality, and timing of water flows. It is important to consider the possible hydrologic impact of irrigation practice changes and the desired outcome of an optimization practice to avoid implementing a practice that …

Accurate Irrigation Water Flow Measurement In Pipes, Burdette Barker, Cody Zesiger, Matt Yost

All Current Publications

Flow measurement is an important component of water management. There are many methods that can be used to measure water flow, and different methods and technologies are used for pipe flow as compared to open channel (canal) flow. In this fact sheet, we cover only pipe flow, and for that, only technologies that are most common in conventional irrigation practice. We also address some basic principles of flow measurement along with some pros and cons for different measurement technologies.

A Graduate-Level Field Course In Irrigation And Agricultural Water Management For An Immersive Learning Experience, Derek M. Heeren, László G. Hayde, Dean Eisenhauer, Peter G. Mccornick, Ali T. Mohammed, Aaron R. Mittelstet, Alan L. Boldt, Xin Qiao, David Mabie, Francisco Muñoz-Arriola

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Effective irrigation and agricultural water management (IAWM) is critical for food security and water security. A key requirement in designing, implementing and operation of IWM is the necessary knowledge and capacity on the farm, in the service industry and within the supply chain. Educational opportunities that not only teach the relevant principles of irrigated agriculture, but also the necessary applied skills are essential. An Irrigation Field Course was initiated by the IHE Delft Institute for Water Education (IHE Delft) and was later developed as a joint field course with IHE Delft, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), and the Daugherty Water …

Impact Of Agricultural Practices On The Consumptive Water Use Of Irrigated Annual And Perennial Crops Of Northern Mexico And The U.S. Southwest., Orlando Ramirez-Valle

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In drylands, crop water use varies considerably where high temperatures and limited water availability constraints farming activities, and irrigation planning is essential for the efficient water use and long-term sustainability of agriculture. However, despite dwindling water supplies and the looming threat of more frequent and intense droughts, low-efficient irrigation (e.g., furrow and flooding) continues to be the most widely used method for water delivery into agricultural parcels. Transitioning into more sustainable agriculture requires knowledge of the period of productive vs. unproductive crop water use during the agricultural cycle. I developed a method using satellite images for partitioning evapotranspiration (ETa) into …

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2021, Jeremy Ross

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Arkansas is the leading soybean-producing state in the mid-southern United States. Arkansas ranked 11th in soybean production in 2021 compared to the other soybean-producing states in the U.S. The state represented 3.49% of the total U.S. soybean production and 3.49% of the total acres planted in soybean in 2021. The 2021 state soybean average yield was 52.0 bushels per acre, setting a new state record and surpassing the previous yield record of 51.5 bushels per acre set in 2020. The top five soybean-producing counties in 2021 were Mississippi, Phillips, Crittenden, Poinsett, and Arkansas (Table 1). These five counties accounted for …

Precision Irrigation Guide For Center Pivots, Elisa Flint, Matt Yost, Troy Peters, Clara Anderson, Burdette Barker, Neil Hansen

All Current Publications

This factsheet discusses the different variable rate irrigation (VRI) options for center pivots, when they might reduce water use and energy, produce higher crop yields, and when it might be unreasonable to expect these kinds of benefits.