Agriculture Commons^™

Engineering Triterpene Metabolism In Tobacco, Zuodong Jiang

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Terpenes comprise a large diverse class of natural products and many of them attract interest because of their physiological function, therapeutic and industrial values. Triterpene oils including squalene (C30), botrycococcene (C30) and their methylated derivatives (C31-C37) generated by the green algae Botryococcus braunii race B, which have recently received significant attention because of their utility for advanced biofuels. However, the slow growth habit of B. braunii makes it impractical as a robust biofuel production system. In this thesis, we firstly evaluated the potential of generating high levels of triterpene (C30) production in tobacco plants by diverting carbon flux from cytosolic …

Urea Formulations On The Productivity Of Bermudagrass And Bermudagrass-White Clover Pastures, Caitlin Timberlake

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) is a perennial warm-season grass that is very responsive to nitrogen (N) fertilization. Excessive N applications have negative environmental consequences and make maintaining mixed swards difficult. This study determined the effects of enhanced efficiency (EE) N fertilizers and fertilizer rate on bermudagrass yields, nutritive values, and white clover persistence. Nitrogen sources included urea, urea formulated with Agrotain^® (U+A), urea with Agrotain^® and dicyandiamide (SuperU), a polymer-coated urea (ESN), ESN+urea (75% ESN, 25% urea), and methylene urea (MU). In the urea formulation trial, SuperU and U+A maximized forage yields at lower N rates. The …

Effects Of Refuges On The Evolution Of Resistance To Transgenic Corn By The Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte, Jennifer Deitloff, Mike W. Dunbar, David A. Ingber, Bruce E. Hibbard, Aaron J. Gassmann

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte is a major pest of corn and causes over a billion dollars of economic loss annually through yield reductions and management costs. Corn producing toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been developed to help manageD. v. virgifera.However, previous studies have demonstrated the ability of this species to evolve resistance to Bt toxins in both laboratory and field settings.

RESULTS: We used an experimental evolution approach to test the refuge strategies for delaying resistance of D. v. virgifera to corn producing Bt toxin Cry34/35Ab1. In the absence of refuges, D. v. virgifera developed resistance to …

Efficacy Of Ultraviolet Radiation To Control Lactic Acid Bacteria In Wine Must, Brian D. Williams

All Master's Theses

The use of shortwave ultraviolet (UV_c) radiation to control lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in wine production was studied. A simulated wine sterilizer was built using a commercially sourced ultraviolet (UV) sterilizer commonly used in aquariums and ponds. After growing cultures in test tubes, samples of five different species of LAB were introduced into white grape juice adjusted for brix and pH to match that of wine must commonly found in the Yakima Valley American Viticultural Area. The mixture was then agitated and allowed time to evenly distribute the bacteria throughout the juice. The juice was sent through the …

Expanding Eco-Visualization: Sculpting Corn Production, Jennifer E. Figg

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation expands upon the definition of eco-visualization artwork. EV was originally defined in 2006 by Tiffany Holmes as a way to display the real time consumption statistics of key environmental resources for the goal of promoting ecological literacy. I assert that the final forms of EV artworks are not necessarily dependent on technology, and can differ in terms of media used, in that they can be sculptural, video-based, or static two-dimensional forms that communicate interpreted environmental information. There are two main categories of EV: one that is predominantly screen-based and another that employs a variety of modes of representation …

Msym 109: Physical Principles In Agriculture And Life Sciences—A Peer Review Of Teaching Project Benchmark Portfolio, David Mabie

UNL Faculty Course Portfolios

This benchmark course portfolio was developed for MSYM 109 - Physical Principles in Agriculture and Life Sciences. The class is a general service course taken by majors as a prerequisite for future coursework along with several other CASNR majors to fulfill their physics course requirement. MSYM 109 is a high enrollment course, with 115 students in lecture, along with four separate 30 person recitation sections. This portfolio was developed to assess the following objectives: 1. Identify, evaluate, and justify the course objectives 2. Assess and evaluate the course pedagogy and assessment methodology 3. Analyze the historical students assessment results against …

Growing South Dakota (Winter 2015), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue includes the 2014 SDSU Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Report.

[Page] 2 AES Director’s Message
[Page] 3 Better Beans: Innovative Research Seeks To Increase Soybean’s Nitrogen-Fixing Ability
[Page] 6 Bioprocessing Adds Value: Researchers Turn Agricultural Residue Into Energy Storage Material
[Page] 8 Protecting Water Quality: Conservation Practices Minimize Erosion, Surface Runoff
[Page] 10 Balancing Ag & Wildlife: Cover Crop Food Plots Help Manage Deer Population
[Page] 11 Industry Insight: Beef Consumers Get Information From Websites, Social Media
[Page] 12 Evaluating Efficiency: Swine Nutritional Studies Underway; New Facility Will Allow For Expanded Research
[Page] 14 SDSU Hosts National Ag Leaders …

Farmer Field School As An Effective Approach In Increasing Farmers’ Knowledge, Skills, And Practices, And In Enhancing Diffusion Of Innovations: Evidences From Selected Rice Farmers In Masalasa, Victoria, Tarlac, Philippines, Glenn Y. Ilar

Journal of Public Affairs and Development

The study assessed the effectiveness of the Farmer Field School (FFS) approach in increasing the knowledge, skills, and practices of selected rice farmers in Barangay Masalasa, Victoria, Tarlac in the Philippines as well as the diffusion of innovations among them. Empirical evidences were obtained from the 24 farmers who attended the FFS on PalayCheck System and 24 non-participating farmers serving as the control group. The FFS provided farmers with new knowledge and skills on the whole PalayCheck System as demonstrated by the FFS graduates having more knowledge on the PalayCheck component-technologies as compared with non-FFS farmers. All the FFS farmers …

Comparative Analysis Of The National And Communal Irrigation Systems’ Water Governance: The Philippines Case, Miriam R. Nguyen, Agnes C. Rola, Rosalie A. Hall, Corazon L. Abansi, Myra E. David

Journal of Public Affairs and Development

Using Saleth and Dinar’s water governance framework, the study characterized irrigators’ associations and examined how they operate and how they are managed. A total of 128 association presidents were surveyed in ten provinces in the Philippines and were asked about their knowledge and perception on the organization, natural resource policies, and water status in the locality.

The National Irrigation Systems (NIS) still has a formal structure as influenced by the National Irrigation Administration (NIA), but it is assuming the characteristics of the Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS) management because of the paradigm shift to participatory irrigation management. The CIS, on the …

Addressing Food Security: Saba Banana And Rootcrops As Alternative Food Staples To Rice In Quezon Province, Philippines, Isabelita M. Pabuayon, Blanquita R. Pantoja, Anselma C. Manila, Mac Lorenz C. Santos

Journal of Public Affairs and Development

The Philippines considers rice self-sufficiency as vital to food security; hence, possible alternative food staples are being identified in case of persistent shortfalls in domestic rice production. This paper explores the potential of Saba (cardava) banana, sweet potato, potato, yam, and cassava as alternative staples for the local communities in the Quezon province, Philippines, which grow all these crops. Socioeconomic surveys of 375 farmers, 82 traders, and 625 consumers were conducted in 2013 but covered crop year 2012. Results showed that Saba banana, sweet potato, and cassava had the highest demand among the five crops based on per capita consumption. …

Germplasm Enhancement For Resistance To Pyrenophora Tritici-Repentis In Wheat, Manisha Shankar, Diane E. Mather, Dorthe Jorgensen, Hossein Golzar, Ken J. Chalmers, Grant J. Hollaway, Mark S. Mclean, Stephen M. Neate, Rob Loughman

Conference papers and presentations

Yellow spot (syn. tan spot), caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is an important foliar disease of wheat in Australia that causes losses exceeding 50 % when conditions are favourable for disease development. Although good progress has been made internationally to understand yellow spot resistance, relatively few resistance genes have been identified and mapped in Australian germplasm and only one (tsn1 on chromosome 5BL) is in general and known use in Australian breeding programs. Although tsn1 is an important yellow spot resistance gene, it doesn’t explain the full spectrum of resistance and there is a significant opportunity to enhance expression …

Growing Community Gardens Through Education, Kaitlyn Becka, Sydney Martis, Rich Mehok

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This paper explores the process of our leadership experience project on the topic of community gardens. Initially, our proposed research question was where in Akron area is the best location to build a community garden? Based on the primary and secondary research conducted, building a community garden would not be feasible or needed. Our conclusion showed that the real need and importance within the community was an education program on the topic of community gardens rather than planting a real garden. Therefore, the research question was revised to develop an education program focusing on healthy eating, victory gardens, and pollination …

Characterization Of Suspected Cyclic Di-Gmp Metabolizing Genes In Streptomyces Scabies, Bridget N. Bickers

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Streptomyces scabies is a bacterial plant pathogen responsible for a condition known as common scab in potatoes and other tuber crops. Aerial hyphae and spore development have been shown to be regulated by cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) signaling in the non-pathogenic species Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces venezuelae. The second messenger c-di-GMP is ubiquitous among bacteria and is connected to many functions such as: motility, virulence, and biofilm formation, but the effects of c-di-GMP signaling in other streptomycetes are unknown. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the function of the suspected S. scabies c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase genes SCAB11501 and SCAB27241 …

Slavery, Agriculture, And Malaria In The Arabian Peninsula, Benjamin Reilly

Ohio University Press Open Access Books

In Slavery, Agriculture, and Malaria in the Arabian Peninsula, Benjamin Reilly illuminates a previously unstudied phenomenon: the large-scale employment of people of African ancestry as slaves in agricultural oases within the Arabian Peninsula. The key to understanding this unusual system, Reilly argues, is the prevalence of malaria within Arabian Peninsula oases and drainage basins, which rendered agricultural lands in Arabia extremely unhealthy for people without genetic or acquired resistance to malarial fevers. In this way, Arabian slave agriculture had unexpected similarities to slavery as practiced in the Caribbean and Brazil.

This book synthesizes for the first time a body of …

2015 Weed Science Research Report – White Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document provides environmental, indexes, abbreviations and collaborators in 2015.

2015 Weed Science Research Report – Pink Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2015. It includes work on leafy spurge and yellow toadflax in North Dakota.

Sustainable Water Management For Urban Agriculture, Gardens And Public Open Space Irrigation: A Case Study In Perth, Raju Sharma Dhakal, Geoff Syme, Edward Andre, Charles Sabato

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Urban agriculture has been increasingly popular as a form of modern agriculture in urban settings. It includes community gardens, fruit orchards, home gardens, veggie patches, public open spaces, reserves, urban forest, and recreational landscaping. However, irrigation using urban water supply has been identified as a major constraints for the development of urban agriculture. This study presents a sustainable water management trial at Butler, a northern sub-urban development in Perth, Western Australia, for urban irrigation. The trial system consists of a number of water saving features including untreated fit-for-purpose groundwater supplied via a third pipe network, drip irrigation, local weather station, …

Navigating A Pathway Toward Colorado's Water Future: A Review And Recommendations On Colorado's Draft Water Plan, Lawrence J. Macdonnell, Colorado Water Working Group

Books, Reports, and Studies

40 pages (includes color illustrations).

First Year Biomass Production Following Application Of Various Size Strip Thinnings In A Young Hardwood Stand In West Virginia., Ashlee Martin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Strip thinning can reduce stand density to promote better growth of residual trees and has potential to create a woody bioenergy feedstock in addition to enhancing and maintaining early successional habitat for wildlife. However, little research has been conducted on strip thinning within young hardwood stands to determine if these are viable attributes of strip thinning. The goal of this study was to assess the first year biomass production after strip thinning among three different cut strip widths (8 ft, 12 ft, and 16 ft) in a 22-year-old mixed mesophytic hardwood stand. Woody biomass production from stump sprouts and true …

Characterization Of The Inflammatory Phenotype Of Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Using A Novel Cell Culture Passage Model, Jamie L. Everman, Torsten M. Eckstein, Jonathan Roussey, Paul M. Coussens, John Bannantine, Luiz E. Bermudez

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and the host responses to Johne’s disease is complicated by the multi-faceted disease progression, late-onset host reaction and the lack of available ex vivo infection models. We describe a novel cell culture passage model that mimics the course of infection in vivo. The developed model simulates the interaction of MAP with the intestinal epithelial cells, followed by infection of macrophages and return to the intestinal epithelium. MAP internalization triggers a minimal inflammatory response. After passage through a macrophage phase, bacterial reinfection of MDBK epithelial cells, representing the late phase of …

N-Acetylcysteine Increased Rice Yield, Mohd Nozulaidi, Md Sarwar Jahan, Mohd Khairi, Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker, Mat Nashriyah, Yusop Mohd Khanif

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) biosynthesized reduced glutathione (GSH), which maintains redox homeostasis in plants under normal and stressful conditions. To justify the effects of NAC on rice production, we measured yield parameters, chlorophyll (Chl) content, minimum Chl fluorescence (Fo), maximum Chl fluorescence (Fm), quantum yield (Fv/Fm), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and relative water content (RWC). Four treatments, N1G0 (nitrogen (N) with no NAC), N1G1 (N with NAC), N0G0 (no N and no NAC), and N0G1 (no N but with NAC), were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. Nitrogen significantly increased yield and yield parameters of …

Effect Of Ditylenchus Dipsaci Kühn, 1857 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) On Onionyield In Karaman Province, Turkey, Eli̇f Yavuzaslanoğlu, Abdullah Di̇ki̇ci̇, İbrahi̇m Hali̇l Elekci̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the stem and bulb nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci Kühn (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) on yield parameters of some onion varieties in Karaman Province, Turkey. Experiments were established in a naturally infested onion field during two consecutive years (2012-2013). Nematode population development was followed at the beginning and end of the experiment. The reproduction rate was also calculated. Onion yield and the representative average diameter and length of the onion cultivar bulbs were determined. Yield parameters of six onion varieties were compared on nematicide-treated and untreated control plots in the experiments. Nematode populations significantly decreased …

Metal Uptake, Oxidative Metabolism, And Mycorrhization In Pigeonpeaand Pea Under Arsenic And Cadmium Stress, Neera Garg, Priyanka Singla, Purnima Bhandari

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Presence of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) at elevated levels in the soils is threatening agricultural productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) enhance plant resistance to metal(loid)s by sequestering them into roots, thus restricting their translocation into leaves. The present study evaluated differential responses of AM-colonized Cajanus cajan and Pisum sativum plants to As and Cd uptake and oxidative metabolism under As and Cd stress (0, 30, and 60 mg kg-1). Arsenic uptake was significantly higher than Cd uptake, which caused greater growth inhibitions and induced oxidative stress. Pea was more sensitive, with higher toxicity symptoms in roots than leaves. Mycorrhizae were …

Auxin-Mediated Growth Of Rice In Cadmium-Contaminated Soil, Hussna Farooq, Hafiz Naeem Asghar, Muhammad Yahya Khan, Muhammad Saleem, Zahir Ahmad Zahir

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Pollution from heavy metals is a global problem that is very dangerous to the environment. Among the heavy metals, cadmium is receiving more and more attention because it is one of the most ecotoxic, making it very harmful for biological activity in soil, biodiversity, plant metabolism, and human and animal health. Phytohormones, produced by plants, control or regulate germination, growth, metabolism, or other physiological activities, and they can alleviate the toxic effects of heavy metals on plant growth. Auxin is the most abundant natural growth hormone, controlling apical dominance, tropism, elongation of shoots, and initiation of roots in plants. However, …

Utilization Of The Pomegranate Tree (Punica Granatum L.) In The Paper Industry, Sezgi̇n Koray Gülsoy, Ayben Kiliç Pekgözlü, Asli Ceren Aktaş

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, the chemical composition, fiber morphology, pulp, and paper properties of the pomegranate tree (Punica granatum L.) were determined. Stem and branch wood were analyzed separately. Kraft and kraft- anthraquinone (AQ) methods were used for the pulping processes. Stem wood showed superiority to branch wood with longer, wider, thicker-walled fibers. The holocellulose, $\alpha$-cellulose, and lignin contents of branch and stem wood were 72.98%-73.50%, 38.37%-39.92%, and 21.04%-25.29%, respectively. In addition, the yield of kraft pulp made from stem wood was higher than that of branch wood. However, branch wood handsheets had higher strength properties and brightness than those of …

Spectral Reflectance Indices As A Rapid And Nondestructive Phenotyping Tool For Estimating Different Morphophysiological Traits Of Contrasting Spring Wheat Germplasms Under Arid Conditions, Salah El-Hendawy, Nasser Al-Suhaibani, Abd El-Azeem Salem, Shafiq Ur Rehman, Urs Schmidhalter

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The aim of this study was to investigate whether spectral reflectance indices could be used to estimate different destructive morphophysiological traits of a wide and diverse range of spring wheat germplasm in a rapid and nondestructive manner. A total of 90 spring wheat germoplasms were evaluated under water shortage by applying only three irrigations during the growing cycle of germplasm with the amount of water totaling 2550 m3 ha-1. Ten selected spectral reflectance indices were related to the green leaf number per plant, green leaf area per plant, total dry weight per plant (TDW), grain yield per hectare (GY), leaf …

Potential For Crop Production Increase In Argentina Through Closure Of Existing Yield Gaps, Fernando Aramburu Merlos, Juan Pablo Monzon, Jorge L. Mercau, Miguel Taboada, Fernando H. Andrade, Antonio J. Hall, Esteban Jobbagy, Kenneth Cassman, Patricio Grassini

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Favorable climate and soils for rainfed crop production, together with a relatively low population density,results in 70–90% of Argentina grain production being exported. No assessment to date has tried to estimate the potential for extra grain production for soybean, wheat and maize, which account for 78%of total harvested area, by yield gap closure on existing cropland area and its impact at a global scale.The objectives of this paper are (i) to estimate how much additional grain could be produced without expanding crop area by closing yield gaps in Argentina, (ii) to investigate how this production and yield gaps varies across …

Qtl For Seed Protein And Amino Acids In The Benning × Danbaekkong Soybean Population, C. V. Warrington, H. Abdel‑Haleem, D. L. Hyten, P. B. Cregan, J. H. Orf, A. S. Killam, N. Bajjalieh, Z. Li, H. R. Boerma

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean, rather than nitrogen-containing forages, is the primary source of quality protein in feed formulations for domestic swine, poultry, and dairy industries. As a sole dietary source of protein, soybean is deficient in the amino acids lysine (Lys), threonine (Thr), methionine (Met), and cysteine (Cys). Increasing these amino acids would benefit the feed industry. The objective of the present study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with crude protein (cp) and amino acids in the ‘Benning’ × ‘Danbaekkong’ population. The population was grown in five southern USA environments. Amino acid concentrations as a fraction of cp (Lys/cp, Thr/cp, …

Fingerprinting Soybean Germplasm And Its Utility In Genomic Research, Qijian Song, D. L. Hyten, Gaofeng Jia, Charles V. Quigley, Edward W. Fickus, Randall L. Nelson, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The United States Department of Agriculture, Soybean Germplasm Collection includes 18,480 domesticated soybean and 1,168 wild soybean accessions introduced from 84 countries or developed in the U.S. This collection was genotyped with the SoySNP50K BeadChip containing greater than 50K SNPs. Redundant accessions were identified in the collection and distinct genetic backgrounds of soybean from different geographic origins were observed that could be a unique resource for soybean genetic improvement. We detected a dramatic reduction of genetic diversity based on linkage disequilibrium and haplotype structure analyses of the wild, landrace and North American cultivar populations and identified candidate regions associated with …

A Genomic Selection Index Applied To Simulated And Real Data, J. Jesus Ceron-Rojas, Jose Crossa, Vivi N. Arief, Kaye Basford, Jessica Rutkoski, Diego Jarquin, Gregorio Alvarado, Yoseph Beyene, Kassa Semagn, Ian Delacy

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A genomic selection index (GSI) is a linear combination of genomic estimated breeding values that uses genomic markers to predict the net genetic merit and select parents from a nonphenotyped testing population. Some authors have proposed a GSI; however, they have not used simulated or real data to validate the GSI theory and have not explained how to estimate the GSI selection response and the GSI expected genetic gain per selection cycle for the unobserved traits after the first selection cycle to obtain information about the genetic gains in each subsequent selection cycle. In this paper, we develop the theory …