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Articles 13111 - 13140 of 13231
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Invasive Species We Love And The Ones We Don't, S. Nicole Frey
The Invasive Species We Love And The Ones We Don't, S. Nicole Frey
Human–Wildlife Interactions
This is the letter from the editor-in-chief of Volume 18, Issue 1.
An Effective Method For Long-Term Control Of American Bullfrogs Syntopic With Special-Status Native Amphibians In California, Usa, Jeff A. Alvarez, Jeffery T. Wilcox
An Effective Method For Long-Term Control Of American Bullfrogs Syntopic With Special-Status Native Amphibians In California, Usa, Jeff A. Alvarez, Jeffery T. Wilcox
Human–Wildlife Interactions
American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) are invasive in western North America and are well established in California, USA, where they are widespread. This invasive species has been implicated in the decrease of native amphibian populations and is believed to have contributed to the decline of threatened and endangered amphibians regionally. We utilized air rifles, tin alloy pellets, and 2 shooters to systematically control L. catesbeianus in both lentic and lotic habitat types within 2 counties in California. We visited sites monthly (April through November) for approximately 8 and 14 years to lethally target and remove L. catesbeianus …
Quantifying Wild Pig Disturbance In Pastures And Wetlands Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Derived Imagery, Wesley M. Anderson, Bethany Wight, Raoul K. Boughton
Quantifying Wild Pig Disturbance In Pastures And Wetlands Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Derived Imagery, Wesley M. Anderson, Bethany Wight, Raoul K. Boughton
Human–Wildlife Interactions
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for agricultural and environmental research has increased markedly in recent years, and a key application has been to conduct damage assessments. Invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) cause both agricultural and environmental damage, and past studies have utilized UAVs to quantify this damage. Each methodology has advantages, but they also have drawbacks such as high rates of damage omission or reliance upon a near-infrared camera, which may be prohibitively expensive for some land managers and scientists. Our objective was to develop a methodology that could be easily implemented to conduct wild pig …
Coexistence Conservation: Time To Change The Paradigm, Jorge Tobajas
Coexistence Conservation: Time To Change The Paradigm, Jorge Tobajas
Human–Wildlife Interactions
This letter to the editor recommends that coexistence conservation should be recognized as a new discipline within conservation biology with vast potential for the future of biodiversity conservation. The term “coexistence conservation” must be broadened to accommodate different techniques and their development, regardless of the context of invasive species.
Forthcoming Hwi Monographs
Human–Wildlife Interactions
The HWI Monograph Series is publishing open access monographs on free-ranging domestic cats and coyotes.
Impacts Of Wildlife–Vehicle Collisions Create Cascade Effects, S. Nicole Frey
Impacts Of Wildlife–Vehicle Collisions Create Cascade Effects, S. Nicole Frey
Human–Wildlife Interactions
This is the letter from the editor-in-chief of Volume 18, Issue 2.
Flashtags: Evaluating A Novel Deterrent To Reduce Livestock Depredation, C. Aaron Bott, Stewart W. Breck, Tom W. Murphy, Brad A. Freking, Carlos A. López González, David Prause, Corey Peavey, Albert Sommers, Coke Landers, Julie K. Young
Flashtags: Evaluating A Novel Deterrent To Reduce Livestock Depredation, C. Aaron Bott, Stewart W. Breck, Tom W. Murphy, Brad A. Freking, Carlos A. López González, David Prause, Corey Peavey, Albert Sommers, Coke Landers, Julie K. Young
Human–Wildlife Interactions
Social tolerance of carnivores can be improved by preventing conflicts through nonlethal predator deterrents (e.g., livestock protection dogs [Canis lupus familiaris] and human presence) that have been used for centuries. However, many livestock producers feel the existing preventative methods are inadequate for extensive production systems where livestock can be spread widely and have less human supervision. To address this issue, we developed and tested a new nonlethal tool called FlashTags to reduce livestock predation. FlashTags are ear tags worn by livestock that flash a random-light pattern at night when motion-triggered. In the first year, we tested the devices …
Is Mitigation Translocation An Effective Method For Reducing Laysan Albatross–Military Aircraft Collisions?, Brian E. Washburn, Katherine D. Rubiano, William P. Bukoski
Is Mitigation Translocation An Effective Method For Reducing Laysan Albatross–Military Aircraft Collisions?, Brian E. Washburn, Katherine D. Rubiano, William P. Bukoski
Human–Wildlife Interactions
Wildlife–aircraft collisions (wildlife strikes) pose a serious risk to civil and military aircraft. Each year, Laysan albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis) attempt to establish a breeding colony on the airfield at the U.S. Navy’s Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) located on the island of Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i, USA, resulting in a hazard to safe military aircraft operations at this facility. A long-term management program, with an emphasis on mitigation translocation (e.g., live-capture and translocation away from the area) of problematic individuals, has been conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services. However, the efficacy of mitigation translocation as a nonlethal …
New Associate Editors, S. Nicole Frey
New Associate Editors, S. Nicole Frey
Human–Wildlife Interactions
New associate editors include Neil Jordan and Allen Rutberg.
Public Benefits And Private Costs: Implications For Moose Management In The Adirondacks, Heidi E. Kretser, Nancy A. Connelly, T. Bruce Lauber, Richard C. Stedman, Jeremy Hurst, David W. Kramer, James H. Stickles
Public Benefits And Private Costs: Implications For Moose Management In The Adirondacks, Heidi E. Kretser, Nancy A. Connelly, T. Bruce Lauber, Richard C. Stedman, Jeremy Hurst, David W. Kramer, James H. Stickles
Human–Wildlife Interactions
Private lands beyond protected area boundaries have long been recognized as important to sustaining wildlife as a public resource. However, private landowners may perceive disproportionate negative impacts from wildlife sustained by these lands, and these perceptions may impede effective management. We explore perceived issues related to managing moose (Alces alces), a Species of Greatest Conservation Need in New York State (NYS), USA, as a public benefit while simultaneously addressing private landowners’ concerns. We examined the public benefits of moose and attitudes toward potential management actions using surveys of NYS residents and Northern New York (NNY) residential landowners. We …
Open Access Is Only The Beginning: Extending The Readership Of Human–Wildlife Interactions Research Through Inclusive Communication Design, Rosanna M. Vail
Open Access Is Only The Beginning: Extending The Readership Of Human–Wildlife Interactions Research Through Inclusive Communication Design, Rosanna M. Vail
Human–Wildlife Interactions
Readers must be able to access, understand, and engage with published work, especially in an area like human–wildlife interactions, where viral coverage of altercations with wildlife sparks widespread interest in species or management issues. What should authors be doing to make their writing more inclusive and effective for as many readers as possible? In this article, the managing editor of Human-Wildlife Interactions integrates updated guidelines from the Council of Science Editors with communication frameworks to prioritize a reader-focused approach that extends the reach of article publication.
Investigating The Role And Mechanism Of Host Cell Death In Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Virus Infection, Michelle Steyn
Investigating The Role And Mechanism Of Host Cell Death In Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Virus Infection, Michelle Steyn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry For Sensing Salinity And Sodicity In Glacial Northern Great Plains Soils With Machine Learning Models, Adam Devlin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Saline and sodic soils are an increasing concern across the Northern Great Plains (NGP) due to factors of climate change and land management that are drawing geologically derived salts to the land surface. Traditional laboratory assessments, such as electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), are time and resource consumptive. Portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) may be a viable proximal sensing alternative, as it is able to provide elemental data in minutes, in situ or ex situ, and can directly quantify salinity-associated elements like Ca, Mg, and S. PXRF paired with predictive models has proven useful for a range of …
The Spatial Ecology Of Plains Spotted Skunks In South Dakota: Insights From Species Distribution, Resource Selection, And Co-Occurrence Models, Kara M. White
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The plains spotted skunk (Spilogale interrupta) is a data-deficient small carnivore native to the central plains of North America that has experienced significant population declines. My dissertation investigates the species’ distribution, habitat associations, and interspecific interactions in South Dakota, providing crucial information for conservation actions. In Chapter 1, I developed ensemble distribution models on a broad scale, incorporating species location data from 1985–2020, environmental factors, and six predictive modeling algorithms. I identified key predictors including mean temperature diurnal range and proportion of area as pasture, and estimated ~31,300 km2 of potential habitat, predominately in eastern South Dakota. In Chapter 2, …
Longevity In Afrikaner Cattle: A Survival Analysis, Allison M. Bot Steffl
Longevity In Afrikaner Cattle: A Survival Analysis, Allison M. Bot Steffl
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Afrikaner breed of cattle is indigenous to South Africa and due to their hardiness was once the most popular breed amongst farmers. The objectives for this study were to: (1) estimate environmental effects (age at first calving, season) and (2) genetic variance affecting longevity in Afrikaner cattle using survival analysis and a Weibull model and (3) evaluate the effect of the Infusion Project on longevity utilizing a Cox model. For the first objective, age at first calving impacted longevity as younger age at first calving was associated with decreased longevity. Season of birth and year of birth also impacted …
Role Of Interferon Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 (Ifitm3) And Neural Precursor Cell Expressed Developmentally Down Regulated Protein 4 (Nedd4) In Seneca Virus A (Sva) Replication, Shamiq Aftab
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this study, we studied the role of IFITM3 in SVA replication in vitro by silencing the endogenous IFITM3 in NCI-H1299 cells. An average of 1.94-fold increase in SVA VP2 expression and an average of 4.4-fold increase in supernatant virus titer was observed after 24h SVA isolate SD15-26 infection. We have indeed observed an increase in viral mRNA copies by an average of 5-fold in IFITM3 silenced NCI-H1299 cells at 8 hpi indicating that IFITM3 restricts SVA replication post virus attachment and entry. A positive correlation between interferon-alpha induced IFITM3 upregulation and reduced SVA replication was observed. To further confirm …
Soil Responses To Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus Virginiana L.) Afforestation And Prescribed Fire In South-Central South Dakota, Robert Schaefer
Soil Responses To Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus Virginiana L.) Afforestation And Prescribed Fire In South-Central South Dakota, Robert Schaefer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research was conducted in 2019 and 2020 on rangelands located in south-central South Dakota assessing a number of physical, chemical, and biological properties of mineral ustepts and ustents soils associated with eastern redcedar (ERC) (Juniperus virginiana) afforestation and prescribed fire. ERC afforestation appeared to be associated with significantly higher field-condition soil aggregate stability, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil pH, and fungi:bacteria (F:B) as well as significantly lower soil moisture, nitrate-N, phosphorus, bacteria biomass, and Gram-positive:Gram-negative (GP:GN) bacteria compared to native grassland conditions, while other mineral soil properties appeared relatively unaffected. Compared to soil conditions under dense, living ERC canopies, prescribed …
Regulatory Landscapes: Transcriptome And Microrna Regulated Senescence And Dormancy In Grapevines And Gene Regulatory Networks In Nitrogen-Fixing Soybean Nodules, Ramandeep Kaur
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Grapevine and soybean are two economically important crops, each with unique yet equally crucial physiological processes that profoundly influence their growth and productivity. Grapevine (Vitis sp.), a temperate fruit crop, employs dormancy to withstand winter challenges and can grow in various regions worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in dormancy in Vitis species, is crucial for improving grapevine selection for resilience in northern temperate regions. Dormancy induction is modulated by decreasing photoperiods in some Vitis species, enhancing their ability to prepare for winter stress conditions. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of response to photoperiod will provide potential markers for selecting genotypes …
Impacts Of Cover Crops And Diversified Crop Rotations On Soil Biochemical Properties, Hydrophysical Characteristics, And Water Dynamics In Long-Term No-Till Cropping Systems, Sainfort Vital
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This research assessed the impacts of crop rotations and cover crops on the soil's biochemical and hydrophysical properties within long-term no-till systems. The research was conducted at the Southeast Research Farm, near Beresford, South Dakota. The crop rotations contain two levels: 4-year corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.)-oat (Avena sativa L.)-rye (Secale cereale L.) (CSOR) and 2-year corn-soybean (CS) rotations. The cover crop factors also had two levels within each rotation treatment: cover crops (CC) and no cover crops (NCC). All plots were managed under long-term no-till (NT), with soils mapped as Egan silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, …
Methods For Optimizing Detection And Evaluating Habitat Use Of North American River Otters In South Dakota, Jessica Speiser
Methods For Optimizing Detection And Evaluating Habitat Use Of North American River Otters In South Dakota, Jessica Speiser
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) play a critical role as an apex predator in riverine ecosystems. A challenging species to survey using traditional methods, they remain understudied in non-forested regions, such as the Northern Great Plains, where habitat degradation and landscape fragmentation may reduce habitat quality and availability and disrupt landscape connectivity. This thesis aims to improve detectability and investigates the habitat use of river otters in South Dakota to better understand habitat needs of otters and improve their continued recovery and management. My first chapter provides a brief overview of river otters and their ecological roles in freshwater …
Respiratory Disease In Bighorn Sheep: A Varied Investigation Of Immunization, Transmission, And Detection, Katelin Frerichs
Respiratory Disease In Bighorn Sheep: A Varied Investigation Of Immunization, Transmission, And Detection, Katelin Frerichs
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Respiratory disease has historically been recognized as a limiting factor to wild bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) herds throughout North America with epizootics resulting in large-scale die offs and reductions in recruitment. The primary etiologic agent associated with pneumonia outbreaks in bighorn sheep is Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae. This bacterial pathogen is frequently carried asymptomatically by domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus); however, when these domestic hosts come in contact with and spread this pathogen to bighorns, the disease can cause epizootics and large-scale mortality. Domestic sheep strains are more commonly detected in bighorn sheep than domestic goat strains, and previous …
Novel Methods For Assessing Pulmonary And Cardio-Vascular Limitations To Aerobic Performance In Older And Younger Populations, Toni Haddad
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
Around the world, life expectancy is increasing, the ageing population is growing, and maintaining quality of life at an older age currently represents a major global challenge. While ‘successful ageing’ relies on a variety of factors, aerobic performance and exercise capacity are key determinants and attenuating their decline is of the utmost importance. The decrease in maximal oxygen consumption is often considered as a major determinant explaining the age[1]related decline in aerobic performance. Yet, multiple physiological systems are impaired with ageing and their contribution to aerobic limitation in older individuals is unclear. Understanding how the limitations to aerobic performance may …
Storms Facilitate Airborne Dna From Leaf Fragments Outside The Main Tree Pollen Season, Mary Hanson, Geoff Petch, Beverley Adams-Groom, Thor Bjørn Ottosen, Carsten A. Skjøth
Storms Facilitate Airborne Dna From Leaf Fragments Outside The Main Tree Pollen Season, Mary Hanson, Geoff Petch, Beverley Adams-Groom, Thor Bjørn Ottosen, Carsten A. Skjøth
Research outputs 2022 to 2026
Bioaerosols are useful indicators of plant phenology and can demonstrate the impacts of climate change on both local and regional scales (e.g. pollen monitoring/flowering phenology). Analysing bioaerosols with eDNA approaches are becoming more popular to quantify the diversity of airborne plant environmental DNA (eDNA) and flowering season of plants and trees. Leaf abscission from broadleaved trees and other perennial species can also indicate the status of plant health in response to climate. This happens primarily during autumn in response to seasonal growth conditions and environmental factors, such as changing photoperiod and reduced temperatures. During this period biological material is released …
Optimizing Tomato Seedling Growth With Indigenous Mangrove Bacterial Inoculants And Reduced Npk Fertilization, Soumaya Tounsi-Hammami, Munawwar Ali Khan, Aroosa Zeb, Aneesa Rasheed Anwar, Naman Arora, Muhammad Naseem, Sunil Mundra
Optimizing Tomato Seedling Growth With Indigenous Mangrove Bacterial Inoculants And Reduced Npk Fertilization, Soumaya Tounsi-Hammami, Munawwar Ali Khan, Aroosa Zeb, Aneesa Rasheed Anwar, Naman Arora, Muhammad Naseem, Sunil Mundra
All Works
The search for ecofriendly products to reduce crop dependence on synthetic chemical fertilizers presents a new challenge. The present study aims to isolate and select efficient native PGPB that can reduce reliance on synthetic NPK fertilizers. A total of 41 bacteria were isolated from the sediment and roots of mangrove trees (Avicennia marina) and assessed for their PGP traits under in vitro conditions. Of them, only two compatible strains of Bacillus species were selected to be used individually and in a mix to promote tomato seedling growth. The efficiency of three inoculants applied to the soil was assessed in a …
Dynamic Genomic Evolution Via Active Ltr Transposable Elements In Maize, Taylor Isles
Dynamic Genomic Evolution Via Active Ltr Transposable Elements In Maize, Taylor Isles
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Long terminal repeats (LTR) retrotransposons, found across eukaryotes, are transposable elements which can copy and insert themselves into other loci within a genome. These transposable elements are similar to retroviruses in that they rely on reverse transcriptase to “copy and paste” themselves elsewhere in the genome. From the RNA transcript they are able to use reverse transcriptase to make another DNA copy of themselves. This initially gave them the moniker, selfish genes. However, in the decades after the discovery of reverse transcriptase and LTR retrotransposons, it became known that non-genic DNA could have other functions. LTR retrotransposons are sources of …
Discovery Of Dna Aptamers As Probes For Detecting Ranavirus Mcp, Corbin Hudson
Discovery Of Dna Aptamers As Probes For Detecting Ranavirus Mcp, Corbin Hudson
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Global amphibian populations have been declining since the late 20th century; one of the most significant contributors to these declines is a genus of viral pathogens known as Ranavirus (Rv). Frog virus 3 is one of these viral agents and is currently found affecting frog populations throughout NJ, MD, PA, DE, and VA. While Frog virus 3 is most known for afflicting frogs, the Ranavirus genus can also infect bony fish species as well as reptiles, allowing for a wide vector of transmission and making its spread a danger both locally and globally. In the absence of a cure, it …
Sharing Pathogen Sequence Data For Global Scientific Research Under The Nagoya Protocol To The Convention On Biological Diversity, Jerome H. Reichman, Carolina Dos S. Ribeiro, George B. Haringhuizen, Paul F. Uhlir
Sharing Pathogen Sequence Data For Global Scientific Research Under The Nagoya Protocol To The Convention On Biological Diversity, Jerome H. Reichman, Carolina Dos S. Ribeiro, George B. Haringhuizen, Paul F. Uhlir
Faculty Scholarship
The Nagoya Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has threatened to impede access to genetic resources and related data for cross-border scientific research. In principle, every use of genetic resources would require a set of contracts under the CBD, in a “bilateral” regime. The related transaction costs could overwhelm many transnational research undertakings, affecting even public health responses to outbreaks and epidemics. However, the Nagoya Protocol also offers a unique opportunity to resolve this dilemma, despite struggles to define the meaning and coverage of “digital sequence information.” The coverage of genetic sequence data under the CBD remains controversial …
Beyond Neural Data: Cognitive Biometrics And Mental Privacy, Patrick Magee, Marcello Ienca, Nita Farahany
Beyond Neural Data: Cognitive Biometrics And Mental Privacy, Patrick Magee, Marcello Ienca, Nita Farahany
Faculty Scholarship
Innovations in wearable technology and artificial intelligence have enabled consumer devices to process and transmit data about human mental states (cognitive, affective, and conative) through what this paper refers to as ‘‘cognitive biometrics.’’ Devices such as brain-computer interfaces, extended reality headsets, and fitness wearables offer significant benefits in health, wellness, and entertainment through the collection and processing and cognitive biometric data. However, they also pose unique risks to mental privacy due to their ability to infer sensitive information about individuals. This paper challenges the current approach to protecting individuals through legal protections for ‘‘neural data’’ and advocates for a more …
U.S. Public Perceptions Of The Sensitivity Of Brain Data, Shenyang Huang, Umika Paul, Shikhar Gupta, Karan Desai, Melinda Guo, Jennifer Jung, Beatrice Capestany, William D. Krenzer, Dylan Stonecipher, Nita A. Farahany
U.S. Public Perceptions Of The Sensitivity Of Brain Data, Shenyang Huang, Umika Paul, Shikhar Gupta, Karan Desai, Melinda Guo, Jennifer Jung, Beatrice Capestany, William D. Krenzer, Dylan Stonecipher, Nita A. Farahany
Faculty Scholarship
As we approach an era of potentially widespread consumer neurotechnology, scholars and organizations worldwide have started to raise concerns about the data privacy issues these devices will present. Notably absent in these discussions is empirical evidence about how the public perceives that same information. This article presents the results of a nationwide survey on public perceptions of brain data, to inform discussions of law and policy regarding brain data governance. The survey reveals that the public may perceive certain brain data as less sensitive than other ‘private’ information, like social security numbers, but more sensitive than some ‘public’ information, like …
Trends And Patterns Of Plant Conservation Research In Borneo: A Review, Rizmoon Nurul Zulkarnaen, Sabri Mohd. Ali, Daniele Cicuzza
Trends And Patterns Of Plant Conservation Research In Borneo: A Review, Rizmoon Nurul Zulkarnaen, Sabri Mohd. Ali, Daniele Cicuzza
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development
Borneo hosts exceptional plant diversity, including numerous endemic species, but faces significant threats from rapid habitat loss driven by deforestation and land-use changes. This study aimed to analyze research trends and forecast future directions through a bibliometric analysis of Scopus data spanning from 1914 to 2023. The bibliometric analysis included publication outputs, citation patterns, thematic mapping, and keyword co-occurrence. We used VOSviewer to visualize bibliometric networks and the Bibliometrix package in R to perform advanced bibliometric analysis and interactive data exploration. The analysis revealed a continuous rise in publications (998 documents), with the Journal of Ecology identified as the most …