Life Sciences Commons^™

Influence Of Tree Thinning On Abundance And Survival Probability Of Small Rodents In A Natural Deciduous Forest, Jae-Kang Lee, Hyun-Su Hwang, Tae-Kyung Eom, Shin-Jae Rhim

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of tree thinning on habitat variables and small rodents in a natural deciduous forest in South Korea. We focused on the populations of the small forest-dwelling rodents, striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius and Korean field mouse A. peninsulae. Populations were monitored for 2 years in a natural deciduous forest subject to tree thinning. The coverage of ground vegetation and number and volume of downed trees were significantly increased after thinning. However, the coverage of overstory and understory vegetation and number of standing trees were decreased in postthinning session. The abundance and survival …

Potential Distribution Of The Guava Psyllid Triozoida Limbata (Hemiptera, Psylloidea), Today And In Global Climate Change Scenarios, Dalva Queiroz, Marcos Silveira Wrege, Talita Benedcta Santos Künast, Marilice Cordeiro Garrastazu, Daniel Burckhardt

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The jumping plant-louse Triozoida limbata is monophagous on guava (Psidium guajava), inducing leaf galls. Guava is planted today in warmer regions around the world but T. limbata is restricted to Central and South America. Recently, the latter has become a key pest in commercial plantations in Brazil (Pernambuco and São Paulo). Modeling of potential distributions is a good tool for developing control strategies of insect pests. Based on distributional data from the Americas, we created models for the psyllids for the present and future using different scenarios of climate change. The OpenModeller eco-niche modeling program was used with the Environmental …

Morphological Characterization Of Hemocyte Types In Some Species Belonging Totettigoniidae And Pamphagidae (Insecta: Orthoptera), Gürhan Öztürk, Özlem Çakici, Hüseyi̇n Arikan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In the present study, the species Eupholidoptera smyrnensis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), Decticus verrucivorus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), and Glyphotmethis spp. (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae) were studied in order to determine hemocyte types. To that end, hemolymph smear preparations were stained using Wright's stain. According to light microscopic examinations, five hemocyte types, prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes, and oenocytoids, were determined in each species. Prohemocytes are basic and the smallest cell type in the hemolymph. Plasmatocytes show polymorphism and they may have pseudopodia. Granulocytes are characterized by granules in their cytoplasm. Spherulocytes typically include spherical vacuoles. Oenocytoids are the largest cells …

Anoplodactylus (Pycnogonida: Phoxichilidiidae)From Brazil,New Records And Two New Species, Rudá Lucena, Martin Lindsey Christoffersen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Anoplodactylus is the largest and the most abundant genus of Phoxichilidiidae, with 134 described species, most from shallow waters. The genus is cosmopolitan and easily encountered in Brazil. The present work catalogues the species of Anoplodactylus found in Brazilian waters and describes two new species for the coast of northeastern Brazil. The material analyzed here was deposited in the Invertebrate Collection Paulo Young, which comprises the specimens collected for several studies along the Brazilian coast. Unsampled species were recorded from the literature. We extend the known records of seven species (A. batangensis, A. californicus, A. eroticus, A. evelinae, A. insignis, …

Further New And Little Known Species Of Ptyctimous Mites (Acari, Oribatida) From Cameroon, Wojciech Niedbala, Tomasz Osiejuk

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Nineteen species of ptyctimous mites were found in 20 samples collected in Cameroon: 15 samples from the Southwest region, near the ocean, and 5 samples from the Northwest region, inland. Two new species: Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) inaequatus sp. n. and Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) alius sp. n. are described and figured. Six species are new to Cameroon. The so far unknown instars of Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) invisitata Niedbala, 1983: larva, proto-, deuto-, and tritonymph are described. The deutonymph and tritonymph of M. (M.) invisitata are compared with the corresponding stages of the related species. The tritonymph of the species of both subgenera, Mesoplophora and …

Seasonal Variation And Taxonomic Composition Of Mesozooplankton In The Southern Black Sea (Off Sinop) Between 2005 And 2009, Funda Üstün, Levent Bat, Erhan Mutlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The monthly and long-term fluctuations of mesozooplankton abundance, biomass, and taxonomic composition in the Sinop inner harbor (southern Black Sea) between 2005 and 2009 are presented in the present study. In total, 31 mesozooplankton taxa were identified during the study. The recorded average mesozooplankton abundance and biomass were 34,323 ± 7580 ind. m$^{-2}$ and 1208 ± 460 mg m$^{-2}$ in 2005, 95,063 ± 31,434 ind m$^{-2}$ and 1787 ± 604 mg m$^{-2}$ in 2006, 97,626 ± 12,141 ind m$^{-2}$ and 1034 ± 20 mg m$^{-2}$ in 2007, 91,918 ± 10,476 ind m$^{-2}$ and 775 ± 121 mg m$^{-2}$ in 2008, …

Temporal Variability Of The Macroinvertebrate Community Associated Witheichhornia Azurea (Swarts) Kunth (Pontederiaceae) In A Lake Marginal To A Tropical River, Natalia Kaori Araki, Carolina Vieira Da Silva, Raoul Henry

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Aquatic macroinvertebrates have a close relationship with associated floating macrophytes, especially with the roots. The plant root mass is an environment favorable to the development of the macroinvertebrate fauna, supplying both food resources and refuge against predators. The present study aimed to analyze the structure of the macroinvertebrate community associated with the roots of Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth (Pontederiaceae) in a lake marginal to a tropical river. Sampling was performed quarterly in three stands of E. azurea. One plant specimen was selected from each stand and five root mass samples were collected. The study was carried out in an extremely …

Contribution And Acclimatization Of The Swarming Tropical Copepod Dioithona Oculata (Farran, 1913) In A Mediterranean Coastal Ecosystem, Tuba Terbiyik Kurt

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, tropical oithonid copepod Dioithona oculata was recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea. This species is distinguished easily by its large ocular lenses and by the number of setae on the endopod of the maxillule. The study was conducted seasonally in the coastal area of İskenderun Bay between April 2013 and December 2016. D. oculata was first observed in October 2013 in the study area (Station 4; 3.1 ind. m$^{-3}$)); after this period, this species became an important contributor to zooplankton assemblages in October with the highest level seen in 2016 (Station 4, 834.5 ind. …

Distribution, Density, And Important Hotspots Of Krüper?S Nuthatch Sitta Krueperi In Turkey And Lesvos Island, Greece, Tamer Albayrak, Ali̇ Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Atlas projects and phylogeographic studies provide detailed information of great value on key species; distribution maps of the species are the primary input for establishing hotspots, conservation, and management plans. Krüper's Nuthatch (Sitta krueperi) is endemic to Anatolia, Lesvos Island, and the Caucasus region. We surveyed more than 1400 point counts in Turkey and Greece, covering most of its global distribution in its potential habitat, coniferous forestland, during the breeding season. The geographical information system was used for preparing the distribution maps and depicting the hotspots for Krüper?s Nuthatch. The population density of Krüper?s Nuthatch in all of Turkey was …

Zercon Ostovani Sp. Nov. (Acari: Mesostigmata: Zerconidae) From Iran, Sanaz Javan, Mehmet Karaca, Raşi̇t Urhan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Zercon ostovani sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on female specimens collected from Eram Botanical Garden in Fars Province, southwestern Iran. The similarities and differences between related species within the same genus are also discussed.

New Record Of Oribatula (Zygoribatula) Nicora (Djaparidze, 1986) Comb. Nov. From Turkey With A Redescription Of Species, Maka Murvanidze, Sultan Çobanoğlu, Ci̇han Cilbircioğlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Lucoppia nicora Djaparidze, 1986 was found in garlic fields in the Kastamonu region of Turkey. This finding is a new record for Turkey and also the first finding after its description from Nikortsminda cave and a vegetable garden in Tbilisi, Georgia. Redescription of the species is accompanied by a discussion of its taxonomic status. Based on differences having generic character in the structure of the prodorsum (length of lamellae; width of translamellae; distance between ro, le, and in setae), L. nicora is regarded as belonging to the subgenus Oribatula (Zygoribatula). Oribatula (Zygoribatula) nicora (Djaparidze, 1986) comb. nov. is proposed. A …

Haplothrips Aliakbarii Sp. Nov. (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae): A New Thrips On Oak Trees From Ilam Province (Western Iran), Majid Mirabbalou, Behzad Miri

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Haplothrips aliakbarii sp. nov. (Phlaeothripidae: Phlaeothripinae) is described and illustrated from Ilam Province, western Iran. This new species was collected on the leaves of oak trees (Quercus brantii). An identification key for Iranian species of Haplothrips is presented.

Insect-Specific Peptides In The Venom Of Wolf Spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae), Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Khanum Zahra, Azhar Abbas Khan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The venom of two dominant species of wolf spiders, Pardosa sumatrana Thorell and Pardosa birmanica Simon, was extracted and characterized. Insecticidal potential of crude venom and selected peptide fractions (i.e. 35-kDa fraction of both spiders) was evaluated in the laboratory using Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) (Homoptera: Aphididae) as a model pest. Results of the study showed that both the crude venom and the protein fractions caused significantly higher mortality in treated aphids compared to the control. It is concluded that both the crude venom and the protein fractions possess insecticidal potential.

Morphological Variability Of The Baculum In Martes Foina (Carnivora: Mustelidae)From Turkey, Ahmet Hari̇s Selçuk Özen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The present study was based on the bacula of 39 male (17 juvenile, 22 adult) stone marten (Martes foina) samples obtained from all geographical regions of Turkey between 1995 and 2016. Morphological variability in 11 characteristics of bacula was investigated. The purpose of this study was to measure numerical characters of the baculum, to identify relationships between measurements, and to evaluate variabilities in its morphology. Weight, total length, base length, base height, base width, apex height, apex width, median width, and median height were significantly greater in the bacula of adults compared to the bacula of juveniles. The most variable …

Aging Research Using The Common Marmoset: Focus On Aging Interventions, Corinna N. Ross, Adam B. Salmon

Biology Faculty Publications (Archived)

Traditional animal models have been used to make seminal discoveries in biomedical research including a better understanding of the biology of the aging process. However, translation of these findings from laboratory to clinical populations has likely been hindered due to fundamental biological and physiological differences between common laboratory animals and humans. Non-human primates (NHP) may serve as an effective bridge towards translation, and short-lived NHP like the common marmoset offer many advantages as models for aging research. Here, we address these advantages and discuss what is currently understood about the changes in physiology and pathology that occur with age in …

Laundry In A Washing Machine As A Mediator Of Secondary And Tertiary Dna Transfer.Pdf, Mark Barash

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Find Cancer Early: Evaluation Of A Community Education Campaign To Increase Awareness Of Cancer Signs And Symptoms In People In Regional Western Australians, Emma J. Croager, Victoria Gray, Iain S. Pratt, Terry Slevin, Simone Pettigrew, C. D'Arcy Holman, Max K. Bulsara, Jon D. Emery

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Introduction: Cancer outcomes for people living in rural and remote areas are worse than for those living in urban areas. Although access to and quality of cancer treatment are important determinants of outcomes, delayed presentation has been observed in rural patients.

Methods: Formative research with people from rural Western Australia (WA) led to the Find Cancer Early campaign. Find Cancer Early was delivered in three regions of WA, with two other regions acting as controls. Staff delivered the campaign using a community engagement approach, including promotion in local media. Television communications were not used to minimize contamination in the control …

International Validation Of The Eortc Qlq-Prt20 Module For Assessment Of Quality Of Life Symptoms Relating To Radiation Proctitis: A Phase Iv Study, Georgia K.B Halkett, Charles Adam Wigley, Samar M. Aoun, Maurizio Portaluri, Francesco Tramacere, Lorenzo Livi, Beatrice Detti, Stefano Arcangeli, Jo-Asmund Lund, Are Kristensen, Nathalie Mcfadden, Arne Grun, Sean Bydder, Irina Sackerer, Elfriede Greimel, Nigel Spry, Eortc Quality Of Life Group

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Although patients experience radiation proctitis post radiotherapy no internationally tested instruments exist to measure these symptoms. This Phase IV study tested the scale structure, reliability and validity and cross-cultural applicability of the EORTC proctitis module (QLQ-PRT23) in patients who were receiving pelvic radiotherapy.

Methods: Patients (n = 358) from six countries completed the EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-PRT23 and EORTC Quality of Life Group debriefing questions. Clinicians completed the EORTC Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scale. Questionnaires were completed at four time-points. The module’s scale structure was examined and validated using standard psychometric analysis techniques.

Results: Three items were dropped from the …

Wordpress Plugins For Symbiota2, Venkatesh Kadali

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Symbiota is an open source project which helps biologists concentrate their efforts on curation of quality datasets rather than creating the tools. Symbiota’s graphical user interface is hardcoded into many PHP files resulting in poor maintainability and extensibility. The main goal of Symbiota is to separate the user interface of Symbiota with its core structure as the user interface is hard-coded with PHP. This helps in reducing the source lines of code. The secondary goal of Symbiota is to help Symbiota developers to add the Symbiota features to their website and also should identify whether the separation of user interface …

Competing Activities As Measures Of Fear And Vigilance, Ferenc Mónus

Animal Sentience

In animal behavioural research on vigilance, visual signs of alertness are usually used to estimate perceived risk (an internal “fear” state) of free-ranging animals. Different measures of vigilance and competing activities (e.g., predator vigilance, conspecific vigilance, feeding, food handling) provide clues for better understanding vigilance behaviour. How efficiently does an animal in a vigilant/non-vigilant posture devote attention to threats or invest in other activities, such as searching for or handling food? Several species regularly withdraw to a sheltered spot when feeding in an abundant food patch, spending short periods in complete safety. Frequencies of feeding interruptions or false-alarm flights provide …

Compression And Relaxation Of Fishing Effort In Response To Changes In Length Of Fishing Season For Red Snapper (Lutjanus Campechanus) In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Sean P. Powers, Kevin Anson

University Faculty and Staff Publications

A standard method used by fisheries managers to decrease catch and effort is to shorten the length of a fishery; however, data on recreational angler response to this simple approach are surprisingly lacking. We assessed the effect of variable season length on daily fishing effort, measured by using numbers of boat launches per day, anglers per boat, and anglers per day from video observations, in the recreational sector of the federal fishery for red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in coastal Alabama. From 2012 through 2017, season length fluctuated from 3 to 40 d. Daily effort, measured by using mean number of …

Mary Agnes Chase, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Crop Rotations That Integrate Pasture Are Less Vulnerable To Nitrogen Leaching Due To Changes In Microbial Community Composition And Reduced Nitrification, Jeth Gv Walkup

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Agroecosystems occupy a large portion of the United States and receive a disproportionally high amount of terrestrial nitrogen inputs. As application rates increase, nitrogen use efficiency declines leading to higher rates of nitrogen loss. To develop sustainable agricultural practices, the long-term effects of management practices on the soil microorganisms that perform central roles in the transformation of nitrogen need to be studied. To study the long-term impacts of compost application and pasture integration in crop rotation, samples were collected from the existing 19-year-old Organic Crop Livestock Field (OCLF) experiment on the WVU organic research farm. The OCLF experiment includes a …

The Microvascular And Systemic Effects Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Exposure: A Physiological Perspective, Alaeddin Bashir Abukabda

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO₂) are one of the most widely used engineered nanomaterials (ENM). Their ubiquitous inclusion warrants a more thorough understanding of their toxicity, particularly in sensitive populations such as pregnant women and the developing fetus.

The aim of the first study was to determine the most sensitive segments of the vasculature to pulmonary ENM exposure. Macrovascular function was investigated in the thoracic aorta, common femoral artery and 3^rd order mesenteric arterioles using wire myography. Microvascular function was assessed in 4^th and 5^th order mesenteric arterioles via pressure myography. Nano-TiO₂ exposure induced impairments …

Ecology, Impacts, And Management Of Invasive Rodents In The United States, Gary W. Witmer, Aaron B. Shiels

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Approximately 42% of all mammalian species in the world are rodents, amounting to about 2277 species (Wilson and Reeder 2005). Rodents have adapted to all lifestyles: terrestrial, aquatic, arboreal, and fossorial (underground). Most species are small, secretive, nocturnal, adaptable, and have keen senses of touch, taste, and smell. For most species of rodents, the incisors continually grow throughout their life span, requiring constant gnawing to keep the incisors sharp and at an appropriate length. This can result in extensive damage to seeds, fruits, field crops, structures, wires, and insulation. Rodents are known for their high reproductive potential; however, there is …

Brown Tree Snakes Methods And Approaches For Control, Larry Clark, Craig S. Clark, Shane Siers

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

This chapter summarizes the existing and emerging tools and strategies for the control of the invasive brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis, or BTS) on Guam and the prevention of its accidental transport to, and subsequent establishment on, other snake-free Pacific islands. The brown tree snake has long served as an example of the ecological and economic damages that can be wrought by a single generalist vertebrate predator upon introduction to ecosystems that evolved in isolation and without native predators (Fritts and Rodda 1998; Wiles et al. 2003; Rodda and Savidge 2007). Our attempt to summarize the state of …

Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism And Plant-Fungal Interactions, Lauren M. Segal, Richard A. Wilson

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Fungal interactions with plants can involve specific morphogenetic developments to access host cells, the suppression of plant defenses, and the establishment of a feeding lifestyle that nourishes the colonizer often—but not always—at the expense of the host. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism is central to the infection process, and the stage-specific production and/or neutralization of ROS is critical to the success of the colonization process. ROS metabolism during infection is dynamic—sometimes seemingly contradictory—and involves endogenous and exogenous sources. Yet, intriguingly, molecular decision-making involved in the spatio-temporal control of ROS metabolism is largely unknown. When also considering that ROS demands are …

Clean Low-Biomass Procedures And Their Application To Ancient Ice Core Microorganisms, Zhi-Ping Zhong, Natalie E. Solonenko, Maria C. Gazitua, Donald V. Kenny, Ellen Mosley-Thompson, Virginia I. Rich, James L. Van Etten, Lonnie G. Thompson, Matthew B. Sullivan

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Microorganisms in glacier ice provide tens to hundreds of thousands of years archive for a changing climate and microbial responses to it. Analyzing ancient ice is impeded by technical issues, including limited ice, low biomass, and contamination. While many approaches have been evaluated and advanced to remove contaminants on ice core surfaces, few studies leverage modern sequencing to establish in silico decontamination protocols for glacier ice. Here we sought to apply such “clean” sampling techniques with in silico decontamination approaches used elsewhere to investigate microorganisms archived in ice at ~41 (D41, ~20,000 years) and ~49 m (D49, ~30,000 years) depth …

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus: A Century Old Virus With Rising Importance Worldwide, Khushwant Singh, Stephen N. Wegulo, Anna Skoracka, Jiban Kumar Kundu

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes wheat streak mosaic, a disease of cereals and grasses that threatens wheat production worldwide. It is a monopartite, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus and the type member of the genus Tritimovirus in the family Potyviridae. The only known vector is the wheat curl mite (WCM, Aceria tosichella), recently identified as a species complex of biotypes differing in virus transmission. Low rates of seed transmission have been reported. Infected plants are stunted and have a yellow mosaic of parallel discontinuous streaks on the leaves. In the autumn, WCMs move from WSMV-infected volunteer wheat and other grass …

New Records And Combinations In Neotropical Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) With An Illustrated Key To New World Species, Thomas H. Atkinson, Alexander V. Petrov, Carlos A. H. Flechtmann

Insecta Mundi

Three Neotropical species are transferred to the genus Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini): Premnobius assiduus (Schedl, 1961, from Xyleborus), P. flechtmanni (Wood, 2007, from Acanthotomicus) and P. neoajunctus (Schedl, 1967, from Xyleborus). An illustrated key is presented for the native and introduced species of the genus known from the New World.