Life Sciences Commons^™

Examining A Potential Brown Treesnake Transport Pathway: Shipments From Guam, Samantha Sue Kahl, Scott E. Henke, Marc A. Hall, Andrea R. Litt, Gad Perry, David K. Britton

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Shipments of cargo and household goods have been identified as pathways for brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) transport from Guam to other locations. We analyzed data regarding shipments of military household goods leaving Guam during 2006 to 2009 to identify the potential for human transport of brown treesnakes to the United States by determining when shipments most commonly occur and identifying primary receiving areas. We found that the number of shipments was highest during the months of May and June and that California receives more shipments (23% of total shipments) than any other location. Approximately 98% of shipments originated …

Bird Consumption Of Sweet And Tart Cherries, Catherine A. Lindell, Rachael A. Eaton, Erin M. Lizotte, Nikki L. Rothwell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Identifying species responsible for crop damage is an important first step in developing management strategies. Previous studies have surveyed bird species flying through cherry orchards but have not documented which species were consuming cherries. We conducted traditional surveys and behavioral observations in orchards of sweet cherries (Prunus avium) and tart cherries (Prunus cerasus) in Michigan during 2010 to compare results from the 2 techniques. American robins (Turdus migratorius) were detected most frequently during sweet cherry surveys, while behavioral observations showed that cedar waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum) consumed more sweet cherries than did robins. …

Effects Of Grassland Alteration From Mowing And Fire On Bird Activity At A Colorado Airfield, Kara A. Carragher, Rick M. Clawges, Rick L. Bunn, Helen K. Pigage, Jon C. Pigage

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Grass management has been used for many years at airports in an attempt to reduce numbers of birds and other wildlife and the collisions with aircraft associated with them. We evaluated the impacts of grassland alteration by mowing and fi re on the abundance, diversity, and frequency of birds using 1 control and 2 experimental grass plots from 2009 to 2010 on a U.S. Army airfield in Colorado located in short-grass prairie. Density of breeding birds was highest in the mowed plot. Numbers of birds observed in 34 surveys conducted during the non-breeding season in the burned (x = 41) …

Mixed-Breed Guarding Dogs Reduce Conflict Between Goat Herders And Native Carnivores In Patagonia, Alejandro González, Andrés Novaro, Martín Funes, Oscar Pailacura, María Jose Bolgeri, Susan Walker

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Goat husbandry is the main rural livelihood in the northern Patagonian steppe of Argentina, and herders kill any carnivore that they believe threatens their herds, including the endangered Andean cat (Leopardus jacobita). We evaluated the use of local, mediumsized, mixed-breed guarding dogs to reduce predation and retaliatory killing of carnivores. We interviewed 64 herders, and delivered 37 puppies to 25 herders. Most economic loss was attributed to cougars (Puma concolor) and culpeos (Lycalopex culpaeus). All herders with dogs that reached the working stage reported reduced rates of predation, and 88% reported that they no …

Commentary: Wildlife Management Professionals Need To Redefine The Terms: Lethal Control, Nonlethal Control, And Live Trap, Stephen M. Vantassel

Human–Wildlife Interactions

I argue that the terms lethal control, nonlethal control, and live trap are no longer sufficiently precise for continued use in the scientific community. Their continued use confuses the public and allows animal protectionists to use them as cudgels in political discourse. Alternative terms are recommended to resolve the semantic and subsequent political issues surrounding the traditional terms.

Commentary: Some Successful Methods To Mitigate Conflicts Caused By Common Ravens In An Industrial Environment, Rod J. Merrell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Bird Strike: The Crash Of The Boston Electra, Jennifer Lynch

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

Antioxidant Responses In Mesopodopsis Zeylanica At Varying Salinity To Detect Mercury Influence In Culture Ponds, Xivanand Narayan Verlecar, Priya Brata Das, Karmabeer Jena, Dusmant Maharana, Somshekher Raghoba Desai

Turkish Journal of Biology

Antioxidant responses in the estuarine mysid, Mesopodopsis zeylanica, were used to assess mercury (Hg) metal contamination in relation to salinity. Natural mysids acclimatized at 5 psu were subjected to laboratory exposures of 5, 15, and 25 psu salinity singly and under the sublethal Hg concentration of 5 µg/L (one-fifth of 24 h LC_{50} value). Lipid peroxidation in the test species increased with salinity variation from 5 to 15 psu and retained the same up to 25 psu with no change after Hg addition. CAT increased significantly from 5 to 15 psu before Hg influence, and GST increased after addition of …

Reversible Lysine Acetylation Regulates Activity Of Human Glycine N-Acyltransferase-Like 2 (Hglyatl2): Implications For Production Of Glycine-Conjugated Signaling Molecules, Dominick P. Waluk, Filip Sucharski, Laszlo Sipos, Jerzy Silberring, Mary Hunt

Articles

Background: Lysine acetylation is a major post-translational modification of proteins.

Results: Human glycine N-acyltransferase-like 2 is regulated by acetylation/deacetylation of lysine 19.

Conclusion: Reversible lysine acetylation is important in regulating the activity and function of human glycine N-acyltransferases.

Significance: Our study links post-translational modification of proteins with the production of lipid signaling molecules, the N-acyl glycines.

Optimizing Water And Nitrogen Use For Maize Production Under Semiarid Conditions, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad, Ashfaq Ahmad, Farhat Abbas, Wajid Farhad

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Water and nitrogen are among the most important crop inputs for optimum production of maize (Zea mays L.). A comprehensive experiment was conducted during 2009 and 2010 under the semiarid conditions of Pakistan to evaluate the effects of water and N applications on the growth and yield of irrigated maize. The objective was to formulate water and N best management practices (BMPs) for the above conditions. Three irrigation regimes (525, 450, and 375 mm ha^{-1}) with 5 N rates (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg ha^{-1}) were tested using a split plot with a randomized complete block design. The …

Use Of Discriminant Analysis For Selection Of Hybrid Maize Parent Lines, Ahmet Öz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to investigate the opportunity to utilize discriminant analysis in the selection of parent lines in hybrid maize breeding. For this purpose, top crosses were obtained by top-crossing 31 inbred maize lines with the FRMo.17 line in 2003. These hybrids were subjected to preyield trials in 2004. The same lines were subjected to observation tests in 2003 and 2004, and yield and yield components were determined. The obtained data were analyzed using the discriminant analysis method. The distances between the lines were determined according to D2 and canonical values. The TK-108, TK-110, TK-13, TK-347, TK-175, TK-157, and …

Root Length, Root Mass, And Distribution Of Dry Matter In Different Parts Of Thompson Seedless Grapevine Grafted On Different Rootstocks In Heavy Soil Of Maharashtra, Ramhari G. Somkuwar, Pravin B. Taware, Devanand D. Bondage, Supriya Navale

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The root distribution pattern of 3 grape rootstocks, Dog Ridge, Salt Creek, and St. George, grafted with Thompson Seedless grapevine was studied at the National Research Centre for Grapes in Pune, India. The soil is heavy black cotton soil (vertisol) with a pH of >8.0. Roots of different thicknesses (10 mm) were examined at horizontal distances of 0-30 cm, 31-60 cm, 61-90 cm, 91-120 cm, and 121-150 cm away from the trunk and also to depths of 0-30 cm, 31-60 cm, and 61-90 cm from the surface. Among the different categories of roots, Dog Ridge put forth the maximum root …

Research On Antifungal And Inhibitory Effects Of Dl-Limonene On Some Yeasts, Mustafa Ümi̇t Ünal, Fi̇li̇z Uçan, Aysun Şener, Sadik Di̇nçer

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was undertaken to investigate the antifungal effect of DL-limonene on yeasts using disk diffusion and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The effect of DL-limonene on ethyl alcohol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was also investigated. According to disk diffusion results, the development of an inhibition zone was observed in all microorganisms tested. The inhibition zones were larger than those occurring with the Fungizone antibiotic used as the control. Inhibition zone diameters increased with increasing amounts of DL-limonene. MIC results varied between 500 and 4000 µg mL^{-1} depending on the yeast strain. DL-limonene at a concentration of 0.20% (w v^{-1}) …

Investigating Sampling Accuracy To Estimate Sediment Concentrations In Erosion Plot Tanks, Davood Nikkami

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Significant errors when sampling from collection tanks installed at the lower end of soil erosion plots may lead researchers toward wrong conclusions. Limited research has been found on sampling accuracy. In this study, a cylindrical sampler is introduced as a new sampling device and its sampling accuracy is investigated and compared with 2 other manual methods, namely bottle and pipette. Three target sediment concentrations were prepared in separate 213.5-L collection tanks as 3 replications with 3 mixing periods. The results using the bottle and pipette in all mixing periods and all target sediment concentrations showed that the concentration of sediment …

Morphological And Physiological Differences Between Bareroot And Container Juniperus Excelsa Seedlings, Ayşe Deli̇göz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The effects of stock type on morphological and physiological characteristics were compared in 1 + 0 Crimean juniper (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) seedlings. In October 2010, the morphological characteristics of both stock types were determined. The physiological condition of both stock types was evaluated by measuring water relation, root growth potential (RGP), and root electrolyte leakage (REL) parameters in seedlings at periodic intervals from October 2010 to April 2011. Container seedlings had greater root collar diameter, higher height, and greater shoot dry weight than bareroot seedlings, but these differences were not significant. However, the shoot-to-root ratios of the container seedlings were …

Determination Of Intraspecific Nuclear Dna Content Variation In Common Vetch (Vicia Sativa L.) Lines And Cultivars Based On Two Distinct Internal Reference Standards, İskender Ti̇ryaki̇, Meti̇n Tuna

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The 2C nuclear DNA contents of 40 common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) lines and cultivars were determined by using both safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as internal reference standards in flow cytometry analysis and correlated with plant morphological characters and 1000-seed weight. The t-test results showed a significant difference between the mean DNA values of the barley and safflower standards (t = -16.74, P = 0.0001). Data analysis also indicated significant (P < 0.01) intraspecific nuclear DNA content variation within the common vetch lines and cultivars for both internal standards used. The DNA content values ranged from 3.342 pg to 3.652 pg and from 3.600 pg to 4.002 pg for the internal standards of safflower and barley, respectively. The DNA differences within the internal standards were 0.310 pg and 0.402 pg for safflower and barley, respectively. The internal standard of barley constantly produced higher DNA content values than the values of safflower standard for all vetch lines and cultivars. Nuclear DNA content differences between 2 internal standards for the same plant material reached as high as 15.59% (0.540 pg), which is equivalent to 528.12 Mbp DNA. No significant correlations between 1000-seed weight and the nuclear DNA contents of barley (P < 0.51) or safflower (P < 0.76) were detected.

A Predictive Model For The Effects Of Temperature On The Germination Period Of Flax Seeds (Linum Usitatissimum L.), Orhan Kurt

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Temperature is the most important factor in regulating the germination of nondormant seeds at the beginning of the growth season. The present study was conducted to produce simple regression models to predict how temperature affects the time it takes for 50% of a selection of flax seeds to germinate. R-square (r^2) values of regression coefficients of the equations established for flax cultivars varied from 0.899 (Antares) to 0.886 (Bionda). The optimum temperature for the time to germination for both cultivars was calculated using the coefficients obtained from the regression models. The optimum temperatures were found to be between 22.10 and …

Comparison Of Hybrid Maize Obtained From Inbred Lines That Are Selected Via Top-Crossing And Discriminant Analysis, Ahmet Öz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This research was done at the Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute in Samsun, in 2006 and 2007. The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of discriminant analysis in determining the parents among inbred lines in hybrid corn breeding. Grain yield and some yield components of the hybrid maize, which was obtained from inbred lines that were selected in accordance with top-crossing and discriminant analysis, was examined in the research. According to the average of 2 years, the average grain yield of 11 maize hybrids obtained via top-crossing was 9160 kg ha^{-1}, whereas the average grain yield of 8 maize …

Comparison Of Essential Oil Components Of Wild And Field Grown Salvia Cryptantha Montbert & Aucher Ex Benthan, In Turkey, Ari̇f İpek, Bi̇lal Gürbüz, Mesrur Ümi̇d Bi̇ngöl, Fatmagül Geven, Gençay Akgül, Kiarash Afshar Pour Rezaeieh, Belgi̇n Coşge

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of naturally growing and field grown plants of Salvia cryptantha Montbert & Aucher ex Benthan were analyzed by GC-MS. Furthermore, the chemical components of naturally growing and cultured plants in 2 consecutive years (2007-2008) were compared. The essential oils of plant materials investigated ranged from 1.20% up to 1.52%. Nine for naturally growing and 22 components for both 2007-08 field grown crops were characterized, representing 94.75%, 95.82%, and 93.35%, respectively. Valencene (31.80%), eucalyptol (23.61%), and \beta-pinene (15.63%) were recognized as major components.

Evaluation Of Fatty Acid Compositions And Some Seed Characters Of Common Wild Plant Species Of Turkey, Muhammet Tonguç, Sabri̇ Erbaş

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Seeds of 14 commonly found plant species from 3 different families (Brassicaceae, Dipsacaceae, and Asteraceae) were investigated for 1000-seed weights (g), total oil (%), total protein (%), total soluble sugar contents (TSS; mg g^{-1}), and fatty acid compositions (%). Correlation coefficients of fatty acids from different families were investigated, as well. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosenoic, and erucic acids were present in varying amounts. Within the family Brassicaceae, only Cardaria draba did not contain eicosenoic and erucic acids, while species of the Asteraceae and Dipsacaceae did not contain linolenic, eicosenoic, or erucic acids. The 1000-seed weights ranged between 0.17 …

Prohexadione-Ca And Young Cane Removal Treatments Control Growth, Productivity, And Fruit Quality Of The Willamette Raspberry, Milena M. Poledica, Jasminka M. Milivojevic, Dragan D. Radivojevic, Jelena J. Dragisic Maksimovic

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Plant growth retardants' applications have a practical use in fruit production, generally resulting in better vegetative growth and cropping level balance. Foliar applications of the gibberellin synthesis inhibitor prohexadione-Ca (ProCa), removal of young canes, and the combination of these treatments were evaluated in the Willamette raspberry (Rubus idaeus L). The experiment consisted of 5 treatments, including 1 untreated control. ProCa was applied during the period of April-May, as a foliar spray at active ingredient concentrations of 100 ppm (first application) and 200 ppm (second application) at a 3-week interval, either in treatment with ProCa alone or in combination with young …

Morphological Diversity Of The Turkish Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca L.) Germplasm In The Irano-Caucasian Ecogeographical Group, Kadi̇r Uğurtan Yilmaz, Sevgi̇ Paydaş Kargi, Sali̇h Kafkas

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Apricot germplasm collection and characterization are the essential stages of breeding programs for diversity. Traditionally, germplasm collection and characterization are performed by describing phenological, pomological, and morphological characteristics of the germplasm. In this study, 93 apricot accessions and 1 apricot × plum hybrid (Kayısı Eriği) were collected from different regions of Turkey and were evaluated for 57 morphological UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) characteristics, along with 13 pomological traits. Turkish apricot trees were generally found to be either strong (29.8%) or very strong (54.3%). Only 12 accessions (GÜ-52, Çanakkale, Çekirge-52, Karacabey, Geç Aprikoz, Güz …

Effect Of Irrigation On Processing Tomato Yield And Antioxidant Components, Lajos Helyes, Andrea Lugasi, Zoltán Pék

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A 2-year (2007 and 2008) open-field experiment was conducted to study the effects of irrigation on the yield parameters and main antioxidant components (lycopene, phenolic compounds, and ascorbic acid) of processing tomato. Two different treatments were applied: some plants were regularly irrigated, and some had their irrigation cut off 30 days before harvest. Both groups were compared with a rainfed control. Daily irrigation volume was calculated from the average daily temperature to reach optimum water supply. Fruits were harvested at the red-ripe maturity stage. The irrigated plants gave a significantly higher yield, and rainfed plants showed a yield loss. Irrigation …

Effect Of Some Botanicals For The Management Of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes And Soil-Inhabiting Fungi Infesting Chickpea, Rose Rizvi, Irshad Mahmood, Sartaj Ali Tiyagi, Zehra Khan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A field experiment was conducted during 2009-2011 at the University Agricultural Research Farm to evaluate the efficacious nature of some botanicals such as Argemone mexicana, Calotropis procera, Solanum xanthocarpum, and Eichhornia echinulata in combination with normal as well as deep ploughing against plant-parasitic nematodes and soil-inhabiting fungi infesting chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar K-850 in relation to its growth characteristics. Significant reduction was observed in the multiplication of plant-parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Tylenchorhynchus brassicae, and Helicotylenchus indicus and in the frequency of parasitic fungi such as Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phyllosticta phaseolina, and Sclerotium rolfsii by …

Estimating Wetting Front Coordinates Under Surface Trickle Irrigation, Ahad Molavi, Aliashraf Sadraddini, Amir Hossein Nazemi, Ahmad Fakheri Fard

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, wetting front or wetted bulb coordinates in soil under surface trickle irrigation were measured for 1 loam soil and 2 sandy loam soils with 2 different emitter discharges of 2 and 4 L h^{-1} by using the trenching method. A model is presented for estimating wetted bulb coordinates with a function of emitter discharge, water application time, average variation in volumetric water content, and saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil. For calculating the distance of the maximum wet surface, relationships are presented based on saturated hydraulic conductivity and water application time. By comparison of measured values of wetting …

Artificial Neural Network Modeling Of Process And Product Indices In Deep Bed Drying Of Rough Rice, Mojtaba Tohidi, Morteza Sadeghi, Seyed Rasoul Mousavi, Seyed Ahmad Mireei

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study aimed to model the performance indices of deep bed drying of rough rice using artificial neural networks (ANNs), compare the ANN approach to the multivariate regression method, and determine the sensitivity of the ANN model to the input variables. The effects of air temperature, air velocity, and air relative humidity on drying kinetics, product output rate (POR), evaporation rate (ER), and percentage of kernel cracking (KC) were investigated. To predict the dependent parameters, 3 well-known networks, namely the multilayer perceptron, generalized feed forward (GFF), and modular neural network, were examined. The GFF networks with the Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm, …

Exploring The Growth Potential Of Albizia Procera And Leucaena Leucocephala As Influenced By Magnetic Fields, Muhammad Ayyoub Tanvir, Zia-Ul Haq, Abdul Hannan, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz, Muhammad Tahir Siddiqui, Amer Shah

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Due to the discriminate use of plant chemicals and their resultant negative impact on the environment, researchers are interested in monitoring plant behavior as modified by various nonchemical influences such as magnetic fields. A pot experiment was designed to assess the growth potential of Albizia procera Roxb. (Sufed Sirin) and Leucaena leucocephala Lam. (Ipil Ipil) seedlings, established from seeds exposed to a magnetic field (MF) of 75 millitesla for 3 different time intervals, 5 min, 10 min, and 15 min respectively. After the seeds were exposed to a MF of 75 mT for 15 min, A. procera plants showed 49% …

Induction Of Variability Through Mutagenesis In Opium Poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.), Avijeet Chatterjee, Sudhir Shukla, Brij Kishore Mishra, Anu Rastogi, Sant Prasad Singh

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), an important plant of the family Papaveraceae, is valued for its extensive medicinal properties due to the presence of more than 80 different alkaloids, which are products of the polygenic interaction of different genes involved in plant metabolism. Broadening the genetic base through induced mutation is a supplementary tool that can lead to the development of genetic variability. The present study was undertaken to generate a broad genetic variability through mutation breeding using physical doses (gamma radiation of kR10 to kR50 at an interval of kR10), chemical doses (EMS of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% …

Evidence For The Origin Of The B Genome Of Bread Wheat Based On Chloroplast Dna, Nadia Haider

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The hexaploid bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. (AABBDD) is thought to have originated through one or more rare hybridization events between Aegilops tauschii (DD) and the tetraploid Emmer wheat T. turgidum subsp. dicoccon (AABB). The progenitor of the A genome of T. aestivum has generally been accepted to be T. urartu. The origin of the B genome, however, is controversial and still relatively unknown. Research has found the B genome in T. turgidum to be closely similar to the S genome in section Sitopsis of Aegilops L.; the Sitopsis diploid species were thus proposed as the probable maternal parent in …

Seed Priming With Iron And Boron Enhances Germination And Yield Of Dill (Anethum Graveolens), Bahram Mirshekari

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

To study the effects of seed priming with solutions of Fe and B, each at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%, and 1.5% Fe + 1% B, on the germination and yield of dill (Anethum graveolens), 2 separate laboratory and field experiments were conducted. The results of the laboratory experiments indicated that the effect of the studied treatments on the final germination percentage was significant. The seedling vigor index of dill was restricted when the Fe and B concentrations increased beyond 1.5% and 1%, respectively. The highest seed yield was recorded for the concentration of 1.5% Fe + 1% …