Prevalence Of Smoking And Other Health Risk Factors In People Attending Residential Substance Abuse Treatment, Peter J. Kelly, Amanda L. Baker, Frank P. Deane, Frances Kay-Lambkin, Billie Bonevski, Jenna Tregarthen

Frank Deane

Introduction and Aims. People attending substance abuse treatment have an elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Consequently, there have been increasing calls for substance abuse treatment services to address smoking.The current study examined smoking behaviours of people attending residential substance abuse treatment. Additionally, the study examined rates of other potentially modifiable health risk factors for the development of CVD and cancer. Design and Methods. A cross-sectional survey was completed by participants attending Australian Salvation Army residential substance abuse treatment services (n = 228). Rates of smoking, exercise, dietary fat intake, body mass index and depression were identified …

Gender Difference In Obesity And Preventive Health Behaviors In A Us-Mexico Border Hispanic Cohort, Jing Wang, Belinda M. Reininger, Stanley Cron, Deidra Carroll, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Overweight and obesity is a prevalent chronic disorder in Mexican Americans, however, obesity-related behaviors and the role of gender remain unclear. This study examined gender difference in obesity-related health behaviors among Mexican Americans. Methods: A sample (n=1439) was drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, a prospective cohort sample of Mexican American adults aged 18 years and older living in a large and poor city along the Texas / Mexico border. The participants’ baseline demographic, behavioral, and clinical measures were used for this analysis. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were conducted to analyze the data. Results: The sample had …

The Impact Of Home Availability Of The Relationship Between Neighborhood Availability And Fruit And Vegetable Conumption In Low-Income Ethnic Minorities, Erica Soltero, Scherezade K. Mama, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: High availability of grocery stores and supermarkets has been positively associated with increased fruit and vegetable consumption, yet some studies have reported that the relationship between availability and consumption is equivocal or inconclusive indicating that availability does not directly translate to increased consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of home availability of fruits and vegetables on the relationship between neighborhood availability of supermarkets and grocery stores and fruit and vegetable consumption in low-income, ethnic minority neighborhoods. Methods: Data used in this study was taken from the Healthful Options Using Streets and Transportation in …

The Physical Activity Promotion Environment In Mexican Health Care Settings, Karla I. Galaviz, Lucie Lévesque, Rebecca Lee, Kim Bergeron

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: The health care environment is recognized as a promising setting in which to promote physical activity (PA). Nearly 40% of Mexican adults are inactive and whether Mexican health care environments are promoting PA is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the PA promotion environment in Guadalajara, Mexico. Methods: Forty primary care clinics and hospitals from the three health care systems in Guadalajara were sampled: 15 from the Secretary of Health, 14 from the Social Security Institutes and 11 from the private sector. A tool for measuring the PA environment of health care settings, including …

A Quantitative Simulation Study Of Obesity Development Among A Young Population, Grant Zhao, Kevin Hall

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Studying the process of obesity development among a real human population is difficult due to its impracticalities and ethical limitations. Our study aims to discover quantitative relationships and patterns in body weight change and obesity development via a novel approach - mathematical modeling of human metabolism and body weight simulation. Methods: Using publicly available data from the CDC, 1000 male and 1000 female individuals 18 years of age were randomly generated as a virtual population following a normal distribution in body weight and height. Three sample groups, each consisting of 100 male and 100 female individuals, were randomly selected …

A Snapshot: Concepts Of Healthy Eating And Fitness Held By K-8 Pre-Service Teachers, Jon M. Aoki

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the concepts of healthy eating and fitness held by K-8 pre-service teachers at a four-year urban university located in southeast Texas. Methods: A questionnaire that described the participants’ concept of healthy eating and fitness was distributed on the first day of class. A phenomenological approach using a constant comparative method was used to describe the responses from the teacher candidates. Results: Ninety-five percent of the participants lived with someone and were responsible for 75% of the grocery shopping solely or with someone else. In addition, 66% of the students indicated …

Physical Activity Interventions Among Hispanics: A Re-Aim Review, Karla Ivette Galaviz, Samantha Harden, Fabio Almeida, Kacie Allen, Maggie Berrey, Scherezade Mama, Erin Smith, Rebecca Lee, Paul Estabrooks

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: To determine the degree to which physical activity interventions for Hispanic populations reported on both internal and external validity factors using the RE-AIM framework (reach & representativeness, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance). Methods: We systematically identified English (PubMed; EbscoHost) and Spanish (SCIELO; Biblioteca Virtual en Salud) language studies published between 2001 and 2012 that tested physical activity, exercise, or fitness promotion interventions in Hispanic populations. We reviewed 142 abstracts and identified 40 studies that met the eligibility criteria (27 in English and 13 in Spanish). A validated 21-item RE-AIM abstraction tool was used …

The Us National Collaborative On Childhood Obesity Research (Nccor) Measures Registry, David Berrigan, Jill Reedy

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: The US National Collaborative on Childhood Obesity Research (NCCOR) is a collaborative effort among the United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US National Institutes of Health, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the US Department of Agriculture. The Measures Registry, released April 2011, is one of NCCOR’s new research tools.

Methods: To develop the Measures Registry—a searchable online tool of childhood obesity measures—NCCOR conducted a literature review of all articles with relevant measures published between 2004 and 2010. Measures were categorized according to four domains: individual dietary behavior, individual physical activity behavior, food environment, and …

Addressing Obesity Prevention And Control In The Workplace, Mary D. Hill

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Texas Obesity Research Center

Addressing Obesity Prevention and Control in the Workplace

Hill MD, Lankford T

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Over one-third of adults in the United States (U.S.), over 72 million people, are obese. There are health and economic costs associated with obesity. In 2008, obesity-related medical costs were estimated to be as high as $147 billion. Method: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend policy and environmental change strategies that address obesity in multiple settings: healthcare, schools, child care, worksites, and community. In 2011, about 111.5 million U.S. adults were full-time …

Fast Food And Supermarket Availability, Neighborhood Income And Health Outcomes In Public Housing Residents., Heather J. Adamus-Leach, Scherezade K. Mama, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: The availability of fast food restaurants (FFRs) and supermarkets varies by neighborhood income level and may influence health outcomes such as body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP). The purpose of this study was to determine whether neighborhood income moderates the association between fast food restaurant or supermarket availability and health outcomes in public housing residents. Method: Number of FFRs and supermarkets on every street segment in neighborhoods surrounding public housing developments (N=12) in Houston, Texas were counted, then aggregated at the neighborhood level. Residents (N=213) completed measures of BMI (kg/m²) and …

Lifestyle Factors And Ovarian Cancer Outcomes, Imani Butler, Raheem Paxton Phd, Maria Berglund Ms, Mike Hernandez Ms, Lovell A. Jones Bs, Ma, Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Few studies have reported on the lifestyle characteristics of ovarian cancer survivors. The objectives of this study were to characterize the associations between physical activity (PA) and body size (BS) with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and ovarian cancer recurrence in a sample of regional and distal stage ovarian cancer survivors.

Methods: Epithelial ovarian cancer survivors in their first clinical remission, with no evidence of recurrent disease were identified from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center tumor registry. A total of 51 survivors consented to participate in a battery of self-reported questionnaires. Trained staff collected data on …

Hispanic And Black Children’S Ability To Regulate Energy Intake Across Parent Feeding Styles, Leslie A. Frankel, Sheryl Hughes, Teresia O'Connor, Tzu-An Chen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Satiety Responsiveness (SR) is an individual’s sensitivity to feelings of fullness and hunger (Carnell and Wardle, 2007). Enjoyment of Food (EF) is how responsive a person is to food cues (Carnell and Wardle, 2008). Higher levels of SR and EF are related to BMI (Carnell and Wardle, 2008) and less eating in the absence of hunger (Wardle, Llewellyn, Sanderson and Plomin, 2009) in children. However, little is known about the relationship between these two appetitive traits and parent feeding style, especially amongst low income minority samples. Method: 160 Hispanic and 141 Black parents (62.58% underweight/healthy weight, 18.71% overweight, 18.71% …

Race & Gender Disparities In The Embedding And Accumulation Of Childhood Poverty On Young Adult Bmi, Daphne C. Hernandez, Emily Pressler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: A disproportionate number of race/ethnic minorities are both impoverished and overweight compared to white populations. Experiencing poverty during childhood is positively correlated with being obese in adulthood, especially for females. However, it is unclear whether it is the embedding of childhood poverty (i.e. timing of childhood poverty in relation to children’s stage of development) or the accumulation (i.e. duration) of the exposure to childhood poverty which contributes to the race and gender disparities in young adult body mass index (BMI). Method: Data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth and the Children and Young Adult file were used …

Evaluation Of Comadres De Salud-A Culturally Sensitive Obesity Prevention Intervention For Latinas, Martina R. Gallagher

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title: EVALUATION OF COMADRES DE SALUD-A CULTURALLY SENSITIVE OBESITY PREVENTION INTERVENTION FOR LATINAS

Authors: Martina R. Gallagher, PhD, MSN1, RN, Tracey Ledoux, PhD, RD2,

McClain Sampson, PhD3

Affiliations: 1School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 2Texas Obesity Research Center, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3College of Social Work, University of Houston

Purpose: The aim was to conduct a formative assessment of a community-based obesity prevention intervention, “Comadres de Salud” (Kin Sisters in Health). Based on the Social Cognitive Theory, Comadres de Salud is a multicomponent intervention aimed at improving diet and physical …

The Effects Of A Short Term Novel Aquatic Exercise Program On Functional Strength And Performance Of Older Adults, H. Scott Kieffer, Marie Attanasi Lehman, Danielle M. Veacock, Laura Korkuch

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(4) : 321-333, 2012. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a short-term novel multidimensional aquatic exercise program on functional abilities of healthy older adults. Twenty-six men and women (mean age 76.33 + 5.55 years) were recruited and assigned to an aquatic- (n = 15) or land-based (n = 11) training group. The aquatic training group completed a multidimensional water exercise program that incorporated resistance training, functional exercise movements and rudimentary aquatic plyometric activities. The active control group participated in a supervised land-based fitness program. Each exercise intervention was conducted over …

A Critical Review Of Recommendations To Increase Dietary Protein Requirements In The Habitually Active, Linda S. Lamont Ph.D.

Linda S. Lamont Ph.D.

Some scientists have called for an increase in dietary protein for those who reach a threshold level of exercise. But there are some who question this recommendation. Limitations in the procedures used to justify changing the protein RDA are at issue. N balance has been used to justify an increase in the dietary protein RDA for athletes, but this procedure is limiting even when performed in a well-controlled setting. Experimental short comings are only exacerbated when performed in an exercise field setting. This review concludes that an adaptive metabolic demand model may be needed to accurately study the protein health …

A Diabetic Adolescent Case Study: Use Of A Website In Combination With An Exercise Program To Increase Physical Activity, Danielle Buckley, Nicole Demilia, Stephanie Tanzi, Furong Xu, Linda S. Lamont

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 296-300, 2012. The purpose of this study was to report on the efficacy of a web-based technology support to encourage physical activity in children. This program was designed to promote physical activity and proper nutrition in the diabetic adolescent with a weekly meeting that consisted of a 30-minute educational session followed by 60-minutes of exercise. A specifically designed website was used as a support to this weekly supervised exercise program. Outcomes assessment included body mass index (BMI), muscle strength (grip strength, back and leg strength), flexibility, exercise self-efficacy, and physical activity participation (pedometer, …

Exercise Therapy For Plantar Heel Pain: A Systematic Review, Ameer A. Almubarak, Nadine Foster

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 276-289, 2012. This study aimed to review the evidence of exercise therapy in the treatment of Plantar Heel Pain. Comprehensive search strategy was conducted to identify randomized and quasi-randomized trials. The primary outcome was pain intensity; the secondary outcome was functional limitation. From an initial list of 2327 potentially relevant trials, seven trials were included. Most trials included short-term follow up only of pain and function outcomes. Narrative review revealed limited evidence that stretching exercise alone was superior to other conservative treatments; combining other conservative treatments with stretching was more effective than stretching …

Nitric Oxide And The Biological Cascades Underlying Increased Neurogenesis, Enhanced Learning Ability, And Academic Ability As An Effect Of Increased Bouts Of Physical Activity, Samuel Hunt, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 245-275, 2012. The consummate principle underlying all physiological research is corporeal adaptation at every level of the organism observed. With respect to humans, the body learns to function based on the external stimuli from the environment, beginning in the womb, throughout the developmental stages of life. Nitric Oxide (NO) appears to be the governor of the plasticity of several systems in mammals implicit in their proper development. It is the purpose of this review to describe the physiological pathways that lead to plasticity of not only the vasculature but also of the brain …

Concurrent Verbal Encouragement And Wingate Anaerobic Cycle Test Performance In Females: Athletes Vs. Non-Athletes, Dyana L. Bullinger, Christopher M. Hearon, Stacey A. Gaines, Michael L. Daniel

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 239-244, 2012. To examine the effect of concurrent verbal encouragement on the performance of the WAnT in female athletes vs. female non-athletes. College-age female subjects were recruited where ten of the subjects were intercollegiate athletes (ATH, n₁=10) and the nine were non-athletes (NON, n₂=9). The WAnT was novel to all subjects and the subjects were blinded to the study’s purpose. Prior to the experimental trials, subjects were measured for body composition and performed a familiarity WAnT trial without verbal encouragement. Subjects then performed the WAnT twice, once with concurrent …

Development And Comparison Of Two Field-Based Body Fat Prediction Equations: Nhanes 1999-2004, Michael Zanovec, Jing Wang, Carol E. O'Neil

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 223-231, 2012. Clinical guidelines define obesity in terms of excess body weight adjusted for height (i.e., bodymass index [BMI] categories) and/or gender-specific waist circumference (WC) cut-point values. Since body composition, particularly fat mass, is the most variable among individuals due to differences by gender, age, and race, and total percent body fat (%BF) can be estimated accurately using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the purpose of this study was to develop and compare two field-based body fat prediction equations suitable for a nationally representative sample of the US adult population. Data were analyzed from …

The Effect Of Kinesio Tape® On Lower Extremity Functional Movement Screen™ Scores, Hyun Mo An, Catherine Grove Miller, Michael Mcelveen, James M. Lynch

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 196-204, 2012. The purpose was to determine if application of Kinesio Tape (KT^®) improves lower extremity scores on the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™). Individual FMS™ score assessments of 32 college students were obtained. The subjects were then randomized into treatment and control groups. The treatment group had a second FMS™ score after application of KT^® to the lower extremity while the control group had a second FMS™ score with no intervention. 16 varsity women’s basketball players and 16 non-varsity female students (Tegner Scale: 6.84 ±1.25, Age: 19±1.2, Height: 165.1±15.1cm, Weight: …

Actical Accelerometry Cut-Points For Quantifying Levels Of Exertion: Comparing Normal And Overweight Adults, Jamie Giffuni, Robert G. Mcmurray, Todd Schwartz, Diane Berry

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 170-182, 2012. Weight, body fatness and ambulatory pattern all have the potential to affect accelerometer output and cause differences in output between overweight and normal-weight adults. The purpose of this study was to determine if Actical (Philips Respironics, Bend, OR) activity count cut-points for moderate and vigorous intensity exercise are different for overweight adults compared to normal-weight adults. Overweight adults with BMI >25 kg/m² (n=29) and Normal-Weight adults (n=25) walked at 3.2 and 4.8 km∙h^-1 and ran at 6.4 km∙h^-1 on a treadmill while simultaneously wearing an Actical accelerometer and obtaining measurements …

Sam: A Tool For Measurement Of Moderate To Vigorous Physical Activity (Mvpa) In School Physical Education, Kampol Surapiboonchai, Steven R. Furney, Robert F. Reardon, James Eldridge, Tinker D. Murray

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 127-135, 2012. Observational methods have been a primary methodology used by physical educators for assessing teacher and student behaviors in school physical education (PE) classes for over 30 years. Observational instruments traditionally used in PE are economical, but are time intensive and complicated. Recently national PE recommendations have been promoted to encourage practitioners to achieve ≥ 50% of PE class in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The purpose of this preliminary study was to develop, validate, and test the reliability of the Simple Activity Measurement (SAM) instrument for assessing MVPA during school PE …

Ground Reaction Forces Generated By Twenty-Eight Hatha Yoga Postures, Sylvia J. Wilcox, Ron Hager, Barbara Lockhart, Matthew K. Seeley

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 114-126, 2012. Adherents claim many benefits from the practice of yoga, including promotion of bone health and prevention of osteoporosis. However, no known studies have investigated whether yoga enhances bone mineral density. Furthermore, none have estimated reaction forces applied by yoga practitioners. The purpose of this study was to collect ground reaction force (GRF) data on a variety of hatha yoga postures that would commonly be practiced in fitness centers or private studios. Twelve female and eight male volunteers performed a sequence of 28 hatha yoga postures while GRF data were collected with an …

Acute Effects Of Static And Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching On Agility Performance In Elite Youth Soccer Players, J. Bradley Jordan, Ajit D. Korgaokar, Richard S. Farley, Jennifer L. Caputo

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 97-105, 2012. A warm-up is an important part of preparation for a soccer match. Stretching is typically part of the warm-up however, debate exists as to the most appropriate type of stretching to perform. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on soccer-specific agility performance in 14 male elite, premier league youth soccer players. Participants completed 4 trials of the Balsom agility test while dribbling a soccer ball. Height, age, and body mass were collected in trial 1 and participants were accommodated to …

Research And Critical Thinking : An Important Link For Exercise Science Students Transitioning To Physical Therapy, Harvey W. Wallmann, Donald L. Hoover

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 93-96, 2012. Critical thinking skills are increasingly necessary for success in professional health care careers. Changes in the contemporary healthcare system in the United States arguably make these critical thinking skills more important than they have ever been, as clinicians are required on a daily basis to evaluate multiple bits of information about patients with multiple-systemic health concerns and make appropriate treatment decisions based on this information. We believe the IJES, with its emphasis on engaging undergraduate and graduate students in research and scholarly activity, is a valuable resource for promoting the higher-order critical …

The Relationship Between Perceived Exertion And Heart Rate During Yoga, Jessica M. Flores, John D. Smtih

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The relationship between perceived exertion and heart rate during yoga

Jessica Michele Flores, John D. Smith, Ph.D.

Texas A&M University-San Antonio

Undergraduate

Yoga has been around for centuries and has steadily increased in popularity in the West through the years, but this mind-body-spirit practice has had very little research conducted perceived intensities. PURPOSE: to assess heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of those participating in yoga classes. It is hypothesized that as HR increases, there will also be in increase in RPE. It is also hypothesized that those taking yoga classes have goals of flexibility and stress …

Effect Of The Negative Ion Band On Athletic Performance, Daniel Perales, John D. Smith Ph. D., Kevin H. Kendrick Ph. D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Negative Ion bands have been suggested to increase various areas of athletic performance. At this time, the authors are not aware of any studies on these bands. Purpose: To determine if a True Power Energy Band (True Power LLC, Melrose, MA) had an effect on various measures of performance. Methods: Forty-one subjects (age = 29.3±7.1 yrs, ht = 171.5±9.7 cm, wt = 85.4±23.2 kg) had their height and weight measured and were then randomized to wear the True Power band (TB) or a silver bracelet placebo band (PB) (Hobby Lobby). After 5 days, subjects were assessed on reaction …

Comparing Energy Cost And Maneuverability For Pushers Of Two Pediatric Wheelchairs Designed For Low-Income Countries, Alex Ott, Karen Rispin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Summary: Our study compared two pediatric wheelchairs designed for less resourced settings, a wheelchair made by the Association of the Physically Disabled of Kenya and the Regency chair made in the US and distributed globally. The Regency chair outperformed the APDK chair in most aspects measured. Introduction: Many wheelchairs are donated to less-resourced countries by well-meaning organizations without regard to local, cultural, and physical conditions and without ensuring appropriate knowledge, tools, and support are present¹. In the last ten years, several organizations have been manufacturing and distributing wheelchairs designed for low-income countries, however few outcomes studies have been …