Life Sciences Commons^™

The Phylogenetic Relationship Between Populations Of Marginally And Sympatrically Located Pinus Halepensis Mill. And Pinus Brutia Ten. In Turkey, Based On The Its-2 Region, Cansu Özge Tozkar, Sertaç Önde, Zeki̇ Kaya

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia) is a widespread and important forest tree species in Turkey, occurring mainly in southern, western, and northwestern Turkey, while the natural occurrence of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) is restricted to 2 locations and is found sympatrically with Turkish red pine. In the present study sympatric populations of both species from Muğla and Adana provinces in Turkey were sampled, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) region of ribosomal DNA was comparatively studied with sequence analysis. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated 100% of total molecular variation between the species in Muğla province, versus only 50.65% …

Molecular Characterization And Genetic Diversity Analysis Of Citrus Cultivars By Rapd Markers, M. N. R. Baig, Sapna Grewal, Santosh Dhillon

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate genetic similarity and inter-relationship among 18 citrus cultivars, including 13 species and 5 hybrids. Out of 40 decamer primers screened, 25 were selected which produced 250 markers; of which 231 were polymorphic and some species or cultivar specific RAPD markers. The Jaccard coefficient was used to calculate the genetic similarity. UPGMA was used to generate the dendrogram which clearly separated Jatti-Khatti from all major clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.61. The average genetic similarity value observed across all the genotypes was 0.63, with the 2 sweet orange cultivars, Jaffa …

Multiple Resistance, Detoxifying Enzyme Activity, And Inheritance Of Abamectin Resistance In Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae), Si̇bel Yorulmaz, Recep Ay

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The present study investigated the biochemical mechanism of abamectin resistance in a Tetranychus urticae Koch population collected from a bean greenhouse (BEYO 2) in Beyobası village in Gazipaşa district, Antalya province, and maintained in the laboratory. LC_{50, 60, 90} levels of BEYO 2 population of T. urticae were determined using a dry film method. The LC50 level of the BEYO 2 strain with abamectin was selected 15 times and was increased from 2.42 µL 100 mL^{-1} water to 38.67 µL 100 mL^{-1} water. A selected strain showing 35.05-fold resistance was named ABA 15 strain. It was investigated whether the resistant …

A New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species For Turkey, Heterorhabditis Megidis Poinar, Jackson & Klein 1987 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), Hüseyi̇n Yilmaz, Lieven Waeyenberge, İsmai̇l Demi̇r, Maurice Moens, Zi̇hni̇ Demi̇rbağ

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

During a survey on the occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey, a heterorhabditid species was isolated using the Galleria-baiting technique. Based on morphology and morphometrics, the isolate was identified as Heterorhabditis megidis. Sequences of the ITS region of its rDNA confirmed this identification. The species is recorded for the first time from Turkey. A more intensive survey to determine the distribution of this species, covering all parts of the Black Sea region of Turkey, is currently underway.

Effects Of The Post-Harvest Application Of Methyl Bromide Alternatives On Storage Pests And Quality Of Dried Fig, Fati̇h Şen, Kamer Betül Meyvaci, Uygun Aksoy, Mevlüt Emekçi̇, Ahmet Güray Feri̇zli̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Storage insect pests, microbial deterioration, and mycotoxins are major threats to dried fruit. Methyl bromide (MeBr) was the fumigant used to control pests until it was banned. The present study compared the use of MeBr (60 g m^{-3} for 24 h) and alternatives-magnesium phosphide (1 and 2 g of phosphine (PH_3) per ton of dried fig for 5 days), and carbon dioxide (CO2) at atmospheric pressure (in gas tight cubes for 5 days) and high pressure (2 h in pressurized tanks at 25 bars)-in controlling major pests (Ephestia cautella (Zell.) and Carpoglyphus lactis) of dried fig and in respect to …

Crumb Pasting And Staling Properties Of White And Traditional Vakfıkebir Breads, H. Gürbüz Kotancilar, K. Emre Gerçekaslan, M. Murat Karaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The crumb pasting properties of Vakfıkebir bread (VB) produced by the sourdough method traditionally and standard white bread (WB) produced by the straight dough method were investigated. For both bread types, 2 different weights of loaf were produced (500 and 1500 g). One hour after removal from the oven the loaves were wrapped in 2-layer polyethylene bags and stored at room temperature (about 20 °C) for 5 days. During storage, crumb and crust aw, pH, softness, and pasting properties of bread crumb were determined for both bread types. The aims of this study were to compare the crumb pasting properties …

Sesame Phyllody Disease: Its Symptomatology, Etiology, And Transmission In Pakistan, Khalid Pervaiz Akhtar, Ghulam Sarwar, Matthew Dickinson, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Ahsanul Haq, Sohail Hameed, Muhammad Javeed Iqbal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Phyllody is a serious disease of sesame in Pakistan. In the present study investigations were carried out on the symptomatology, etiology, and transmission of this disease. Floral virescence, phyllody, and proliferation are the most common symptoms. Sometimes these symptoms are accompanied by yellowing, cracking of seed capsules, germination of seeds in capsules, and formation of dark exudates on the foliage. Shoot apex fasciation has also been occasionally observed, but no phytoplasma DNA has been detected in fasciated plants using PCR assays. Light microscopy of hand-cut sections treated with Dienes' stain showed blue areas in the phloem region of phyllody-infected plants. …

Genetic Analysis Of Some Physical Properties Of Bread Wheat Grain (Triticum Aestivum L. Em Thell), Cemal Yücel, Faheem Shehzad Baloch, Hakan Özkan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Very little information exists on the relative genetic architecture of the grain physical properties of wheat. The physical properties of grain have a direct or indirect influence on the milling and baking quality of wheat. Therefore, understanding the inheritance of grain physical properties will be useful to improve varieties with better quality. Five bread wheat cultivars were crossed in order to evaluate the mode of inheritance and combining ability and the correlation of the grain's physical properties. Analysis of variance for combining ability showed that both additive and non-additive gene actions were involved in controlling most of the traits. Magnitudes …

Partitioning Rainfall Into Throughfall, Stemflow, And Interception Loss In An Oriental Beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) Forest During The Growing Season, Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi, Pedram Attarod, Mohammad Reza Marvi Mohadjer, Ramin Rahmani, Jafar Fathi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Partitioning gross rainfall (GR) into throughfall (TF), stemflow (SF), and interception loss (I), which has a very significant effect on water balance and the nutrient cycle in forest ecosystems, was studied in a natural oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forest situated in the Caspian Forest of northern Iran. Measurements were made inside a plot with an area of 0.5625 ha located in the Kheyrud Forest Research Station of Tehran University during the 2008 growing season. GR was measured based on an average of the records of 3 rain gauges located in an open area approximately 160 m from the study …

The Biology And Fecundity Of The Citrus Red Mite Panonychus Citri (Mcgregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) At Different Temperatures Under Laboratory Conditions, İsmai̇l Kasap

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The developmental time and fecundity of Panonychus citri (McGregor 1916) (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Washington navel sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) leaves were determined at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 10% RH, and a 16:8-h (L:D) photoperiod under laboratory conditions. Total development time of P. citri females was 37.2, 16.6, 12.2, 9.8, and 9.0 days at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1 °C, respectively. Total and daily egg production levels of P. citri were highest at 25 °C (25.6 and 2.1 eggs), followed by 20 °C (22.1 and 1.8 eggs) and 30 …

Pollen-Based Biome Reconstructions For Latin America At 0, 6000 And 18 000 Radiocarbon Years Ago, Rob A. Marchant, Antoine M. Cleef, Sandy P. Harrison, Henry Hooghiemstra, Vera Markgraf, John H. Van Boxel, Thomas A. Ager, Lucia Almeida, R. Anderson, C. Baied, H. Behling, J. C. Berrio, R. Burbridge, S. Bjorck, R. Byrne, Mark B. Bush, J. Duivenvoorden, J. Flenley, P. De Oliveira, B. Van Geel, K. Graf, W. D. Gosling, S. Harbele, T. Van Der Hammen, B. Hansen, S. Horn, P. Kuhry, M.-.P Ledru, F. Mayle, B. Leyden, S. Lozano-Garcia, A. M. Melief, P. Moreno, N. T. Moar, A. Prieto, G. Van Reenen, M. Salgado-Labouriau, F. Schabitz, E. J. Schreve-Brinkman, M. Wille

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

The biomisation method is used to reconstruct Latin American vegetation at 6000±500 and 18 000±1000 radiocarbon years before present (14C yr BP) from pollen data. Tests using modern pollen data from 381 samples derived from 287 locations broadly reproduce potential natural vegetation. The strong temperature gradient associated with the Andes is recorded by a transition from high altitude cool grass/shrubland and cool mixed forest to mid-altitude cool temperate rain forest, to tropical dry, seasonal and rain forest at low altitudes. Reconstructed biomes from a number of sites do not match the potential vegetation due to local factors such as human …

Non-Destructive Determination Of Maize Leaf And Canopy Chlorophyll Content, Veronica Ciganda, Anatoly A. Gitelson, James S. Schepers

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid non-destructive technique to estimate total chlorophyll (Chl) content in a maize canopy using Chl content in a single leaf. The approach was (1) to calibrate and validate a reflectance-based nondestructive technique to estimate leaf Chl in maize; (2) to quantify the relative contribution of each leaf Chl to the total Chl in the canopy; and (3) to establish a relationship between leaf Chl content and total Chl in a maize canopy. The Red Edge Chlorophyll Index Cl_{red edge} = (R_NIR/R_{red edge})-1 based on …

Limits To Maize Productivity In The Western Corn-Belt: A Simulation Analysis For Fully Irrigated And Rainfed Conditions, Patricio Grassini, Haishun Yang, Kenneth G. Cassman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Unlike the Central and Eastern U.S. Corn-Belt where maize is grown almost entirely under rainfed conditions, maize in the Western Corn-Belt is produced under both irrigated (3.2 million ha) and rainfed (4.1 million ha) conditions. Simulation modeling, regression, and boundary-function analysis were used to assess constraints to maize productivity in the Western Corn-Belt. Aboveground biomass, grain yield, and water balance were simulated for fully irrigated and rainfed crops, using 20-year weather records from 18 locations in combination with actual soil, planting date, plant population, and hybrid-maturity data. Mean values of meteorological variables were estimated for three growth periods (pre- and …

A Nonsense Mutation In A Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Is Responsible For The Sorghum Brown Midrib6 Phenotype1[W][Oa], Scott E. Sattler, Aaron J. Saathoff, Eric J. Haas, Nathan A. Palmer, Deanna L. Funnell, Gautam Sarath, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Recently, bmr6 plants were shown to have limited cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity (CAD; EC 1.1.1.195), the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hydroxycinnamoyl aldehydes (monolignals) to monolignols. A candidate gene approach was taken to identify Bmr6. Two CAD genes (Sb02g024190 and Sb04g005950) were identified in the sorghum genome based on similarity to known CAD genes and through DNA sequencing a nonsense mutation was discovered in Sb04g005950 that results in a truncated protein lacking the NADPH-binding and C-terminal catalytic domains. Immunoblotting confirmed that the Bmr6 protein was absent in protein extracts from bmr6 plants. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Bmr6 is …

Evaluation Of Glyphosate-Tolerant And Conventional Alfalfa Weed Control Systems During The First Year Of Establishment, Robert Wilson Jr., Paul Burgener

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A field trial was conducted for 3 yr (2005 through 2007) near Scottsbluff, NE, to examine weed control, crop safety, forage production, and economics of glyphosate-tolerant and conventional alfalfa establishment systems. Glyphosate applied to alfalfa at the unifoliate growth stage provided 67% weed control and was similar to imazamox applied at the two-trifoliate leaf stage. Delaying glyphosate application until alfalfa had reached the two-trifoliate growth stage improved weed control to 83%, and weed control was similar to imazamox plus 2,4-DB and imazethapyr plus 2,4-DB. Imazamox and imazethapyr caused minor crop injury, and the addition of bromoxynil or 2,4-DB to both …

Quantum Simulation Of High-Order Harmonic Spectra Of The Hydrogen Atom, A. D. Bandrauk, S. Chelkowski, Dennis J. Diestler, J. Manz, K.-J. Yuan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Three alternative forms of harmonic spectra, based on the dipole moment, dipole velocity, and dipole acceleration, are compared by a numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation for a hydrogen atom interacting with a linearly polarized laser pulse, whose electric field is given by E(t)= E₀f(t)cos(ω₀t + η) with Gaussian carrier envelope f(t) = exp(−t² /δ²). The carrier frequency ω₀ is fixed to correspond to a wavelength of 800 nm. Spectra for a selection of pulses, for which the intensity I₀=cε₀E²₀, duration T∞ δ, …

Farmers And Nature Conservation: What Is Known About Attitudes, Context Factors And Actions Affecting Conservation?, Johan Ahnström, Jenny Höckert, Hanna L. Bergea, Charles A. Francis, Peter Skelton, Lars Hallgren

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Farmers’ attitudes towards viability of specific conservation practices or actions strongly impact their decisions on adoption and change. This review of ‘attitude’ information reveals a wide range of perceptions about what conservation means and what the impacts of adoption will mean in economic and environmental terms. Farmers operate in a tight financial situation, and in parts of the world they are highly dependent on government subsidies, and cannot afford to risk losing that support. Use of conservation practices is most effective when these are understood in the context of the individual farm, and decisions are rooted in land and resource …

Farming Systems Education: Case Study Of Swedish Test Pilots, Lennart Salomonsson, Anna Nilsson, Sofia Palmer, Adam Roigart, Charles A. Francis

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

We describe and analyze a pedagogical experiment that introduced a broad and holistic perspective on complete farming systems, systemic learning tools, and a participatory learning strategy at an early stage in agronomy education. The paper describes the adventure of three students, who came from a conventional agronomy program at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), who were frustrated with the lack of integrated approaches to the study of agricultural systems and a strong focus on molecular-level processes in their first year of education. They encountered a narrow focus in most courses and the overall curricula of agricultural education that …

Evaluation Of The Waxy Endosperm Trait In Proso Millet (Panicum Miliaceum), Robert A. Graybosch, D. D. Baltensperger

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The entire USDA-ARS maintained collection of 650 accessions of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was evaluated for the presence of accessions with waxy (amylose-free) endosperm starch. Six accessions, five of which derived from mainland China, were identified. Segregation ratios for waxy endosperm were evaluated in F₂ and F₃ populations derived from crosses between two waxy accessions, PI 436625 (Lung Shu 16) and PI 436626 (Lung Shu 18), and several wildtype accessions. The waxy trait was found to be under the control of duplicate recessive alleles at two loci, herein designated wx-1 and wx-2. Wild-type alleles at …

Agroecology As A Science, A Movement And A Practice: A Review, A. Wezel, S. Bellon, T. Doré, Charles A. Francis, D. Vallod, C. David

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Agroecology involves various approaches to solve actual challenges of agricultural production. Though agroecology initially dealt primarily with crop production and protection aspects, in recent decades new dimensions such as environmental, social, economic, ethical and development issues are becoming relevant. Today, the term ‘agroecology’ means either a scientific discipline, agricultural practice, or political or social movement. Here we study the different meanings of agroecology. For that we analyse the historical development of agroecology. We present examples from USA, Brazil, Germany, and France. We study and discuss the evolution of different meanings agroecology. The use of the term agroecology can be traced …

Detection And Validation Of Single Feature Polymorphisms Using Rna Expression Data From A Rice Genome Array, Sung-Hyun Kim, Prasanna R. Bhat, Xinping Cui, Harkamal Walia, Jin Xu, Steve Wanamaker, Abdelbagi M. Ismail, Clyde Wilson, Timothy J. Close

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: A large number of genetic variations have been identified in rice. Such variations must in many cases control phenotypic differences in abiotic stress tolerance and other traits. A single feature polymorphism (SFP) is an oligonucleotide array-based polymorphism which can be used for identification of SNPs or insertion/deletions (INDELs) for high throughput genotyping and high density mapping. Here we applied SFP markers to a lingering question about the source of salt tolerance in a particular rice recombinant inbred line (RIL) derived from a salt tolerant and salt sensitive parent. Results: Expression data obtained by hybridizing RNA to an oligonucleotide array …

Maternal Antibody Transfer And Meningeal Worm Infection Rates In Kentucky Elk, Willie Elwood Bowling

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Elk (Cervus elaphus) were historically present throughout Kentucky, but were extirpated by the mid 19th century. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources initiated elk reintroduction efforts in 1997, resulting in a self-sustaining population. I designed this project to study the effects of a parasitic nematode, meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis), on Kentucky’s elk herd. I examined potential maternal transfer of P. tenuis antibodies to elk calves, and investigated the relationship between elk habitat use and meningeal worm infection. I captured neonatal elk in 2004-06, fitted them with VHF transmitters, and collected blood samples for an enzyme-linked …

Matrix Geochemistry And Phytophthora Occurrence On Reforested Mine Lands In Appalachia, Kathryn M. Ward

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

At the Bent Mountain surface mine, Pike County, Kentucky, a study has been ongoing since 2005 to assess the influence of various types of loose-graded mine spoils on water quality and forest establishment. Six research plots consist of two replicates of brown weathered sandstone, gray unweathered sandstone, and mixed brown sandstone, gray sandstone, and shale that were emplaced according to Forestry Reclamation Approach criteria. A series of analyses was initiated in 2007 to examine influence of spoil matrix composition on sulfate and carbonate geochemistry of infiltrated waters, as well as to investigate the occurrence of Phytophthora, a group of …

Influence Of Various Plant Populations On Weed Removal Timing In Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean, Jason Sarver

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Reduced plant population in glyphosate-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] may influence the critical time of herbicide application. Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at two locations in Kentucky to determine the effect of four weed control programs on soybean seed yield, seed quality, crop canopy, and weed pressure when planted at three densities - 185,000, 309,000, and 432,000 plants ha^-1. Plots were treated with glyphosate at either 3 weeks after planting (WAP), 5 WAP, 7 WAP, 3 & 7 WAP, representing common weed control protocols within the state. No differences in seed yield were …

Effects Of Augmented Real-Time Auditory Feedback On Top-Level Precision Shooting Performance, Stacy Marie Underwood

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

This study examined the effects of training with real-time auditory feedback in precision shooting. Top-level shooters (N=9) were randomly assigned to the feedback or nonfeedback group. Each group performed a pre-test, a 4-week training intervention and a post-test. The feedback group was provided with augmented real-time auditory feedback based on postural and rifle barrel stability during training sessions. Increases in performance were measured through changes in postural stability, rifle barrel stability, shot outcome and shot group diameter. Real-time auditory feedback did not increase postural or rifle barrel stability in the feedback group. No meaningful differences were found related to shot …

Hip Muscle Strength And Pelvic Obliquity In Collegiate Females During Walking And Stair Descent Tasks, Kelly Rodriguez

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

The goals of the pelvis include maintaining the center of mass of the body, assisting in foot clearance and absorb forces from the lower extremities using muscles and ligaments to stabilize the joint. A better understanding of the influence of muscle strength on controlling pelvic obliquity in a healthy population will help in understanding low back pain and overuse lower extremity injuries. Thirteen females (22 ±2 yrs) participated in isokinetic strength testing of the hip abductors, adductors, internal rotators and external rotators on a Biodex dynamometer. The subjects also underwent gait analysis during self selected pace walking and stair descent. …

Florida Panther And Black Bear: A Road And Urban Avoidance/Utilization Analysis And Impacts Of Land Use And Climate Change On Large Carnivore Habitat In Florida, Andrew James Whittle

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Florida is expanding its urban borders into areas of the native habitat. Increased expansion is predicted through the next several decades. Several sections of the state are home to large carnivores, such as Florida panther and black bear, which are important to ecosystem function. Expansion of roads and urban centers will greatly reduce the quality and quantity of carnivore habitat. In this study, I used Euclidean distance analyses and very high frequency (VHF) telemetry points to produce distance categories in which carnivores either have a negative/neutral/positive association with roads and urban centers. The seven black bear populations followed four different …

Furthering Pharmacological And Physiological Assessment Of The Glutamatergic Receptors At The Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction, Junyoung Lee

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Drosophila larval neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) serve as a model for synaptic physiology. The molecular sequence of the postsynaptic glutamate receptors has been described; however, the pharmacological profile has not been fully elucidated. Despite the postsynaptic molecular sequence used to classify the receptors as a kainate subtype, they do not respond pharmacologically as such. Kainate does not depolarize the muscle, but dampens evoked EPSP amplitudes. Quantal responses show a decreased amplitude and area under the voltage curve indicative of reduced postsynaptic receptor sensitivity to glutamate transmission. ATPA, a kainate receptor agonist, did not mimic kainate’s action. The metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist …

School Lunch Programs And The American Diet: Exploring A Contested Food Terrain, Rebecca Som Castellano

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

This study examines the social actors and issues involved in constructing and contesting the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), in order to identify whose interests are involved in shaping an institution which transmits dietary habits and food knowledge to the nation’s children through the mid day meal.

For the historical analysis, I collected data from historical accounts of the NSLP, congressional hearings, laws, and newspaper articles. For the contemporary analysis, I interviewed 15 actors representing organizations key to federal NLSP policy making. To frame my analysis, I utilize a model of power, based on the work of Arts and Van …

Influences Of Supplementing A Mannan Oligosaccharide Containing Product To Pig Diets On Sow And Weanling Pig Performance, I-Fen Hung

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

The objective of these studies was to evaluate the effect of supplying mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) to pig diets on both weanling pig and sow performances.

Nursery pigs challenged with LPS to stimulate an immune challenge had increased body temperature and respiratory rate as well as elevated serum cortisol and TNF-α concentration, MOS-supplemented pigs had a lower rectal temperature and respiratory rate which implied that MOS improves some aspect of the immune function of piglets.

MOS supplementation in sow diets during late gestation and lactation had no effect on litter size, but the piglets from MOS-fed sows were heavier at birth …