Life Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Fluoride On The Respiration Of Leaves From Higher Plants, Ming-Ho Yu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Studies concerning the effects of fluoride on the metabolism of both animals and plants have been of interest to many workers. In plants, it has been known that fluoride will inhibit the growth, that it will induce chlorosis as an evidence of visible injury, and that necrosis will eventually result. The economic importance associated with fluoride damage has been widely recognized, and, as a consequence, fluoride has become a major problem of air pollution.

Production And Waterfowl Utilization Of Sago Pondweed (Potamogeton Pectinatus) On The Marshes Of The Bear River In Northern Utah, Robert Leon Craner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

According to MCAtee (1918), Mabbott (1920), Martin and Uhler (1939) and other leading waterfowl food habit authorities, sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) is one of the most important waterfowl food plants in the United States. The seeds, vegetative leaves and stems, and the tubers of this plant are apparently sought by waterfowl.

Some Effects Of Accumulated Radium On The Productivity Of Algae, Joseph W. Angelovic

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ionizing radiation from natural occurring radionuclides and cosmic rays has always been a part of man's environment, but at such low levels as to have had virtually no effect. However, with the advent of the atomic age and the advancement of nuclear technology, background activity has measurably increased all over the world. Fallout from nuclear weapons testing, wastes from nuclear reactors, and wastes from the milling of radioactive ores have all contributed to this increase. Due to this increase, many ecosystems and their individual components are now subjected to radiation levels as high as a million times natural background. What …

Cost Of Reclaiming Pinyon-Juniper Rangeland And Its Effect On Cattle Ranch Income, John William Adams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

There was a period during the early history of Utah when grasses in some areas grew so tall that it hid grazing cattle and sheep from view. However, mismanagement caused this to change and depleted grassland was invaded by noxious weeds, sagebrush, and pinyon-juniper. This deterioration of choice grassland to less desirable range cover was aided by the attitude of stockmen that pasture was available on a first come first serve basis. As a result of such an attitude and the unsatisfactory condition of ranges, the era of free, uncontrolled use of grazing lands came to a close with the …

Concentrate Feed Handling Methods And Costs By Dairy And Beef Producers--Selected Utah Counties, 1961-1962, Kendell W. Brinkerhoff

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Utah is historically an agricultural state with many resources adapted to livestock production. The beef and dairy industries in Utah account for 40 and 15 percent respectively of the total receipts received from agricultural marketings (7). Utah's resources are less adapted to poultry production compared to livestock production. Nevertheless, poultry production represents a significant portion of the total agricultural receipts. Production of livestock and poultry have expanded beyond the state's capacity to produce concentrate feed to benefit from economy of scale and to increase farm size through intensification. This feed deficit in Utah must be supplied from sources outside the …

Estimation Of Optimum Size, Shape, And Replicate Number Of Safflower Plots For Yield Trials, David Ernest Polson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The success of a breeding program depends upon the ability of the plant breeder to not only develop new lines, but also to determine which lines or varieties are superior. For this purpose, yield trials are an important yardstick for determining the value of the trial in assessing the merits of the different lines.

Variation encountered is due to several factors; with true genetic differences, environment, and human error being of major importance. In order for yield trials to give meaningful information on a line or variety, it is essential that variation due to human error and environment be reduced …

Effects Of Chilling, Chemicals And Pruning On The Rest Period Of Peach Trees, Ataollah Yazdaniha

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many deciduous trees enter a stage each year when their visible growth ceases. This is not always associated with cold weather or lack of water, and may occur with many species in mid-to-late summer. Trees entering this phase are said to be in rest. Rest is caused when internal factors are unfavorable for growth, while dormancy is defined as external factors being adverse for growth.

Rest in woody plants was first thought, about 1910, to be caused by cold temperatures. However, Coville (1920) states that deciduous trees enter rest regardless of cold temperature, with a certain period of effective chilling …

Effects Of Physiological Maturation And Storage On Physical And Biochemical Changes In Peach (Prunus Persica S. And Z.) And Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca L.) Fruits, Pralhadrao Bhimarao Deshpande

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Peaches and apricots are important fruit crops in Utah. They are shipped to distant markets in Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, and several other places. These fruits may stay in the market channels for 2 to 4 weeks before they reach the consumer, and sometimes are held at the retail center at temperatures as high as 70-90° F. Decay of these fruits has been a serious problem facing shipping agencies, grocery stores, and the roadstand industry (Salunkhe, 1960).

The quality of fresh as well as processed fruit is influenced by the stage of maturity at picking. Bedford and Robertson (1955), …

A Comparative Gas Chromatographic Study Of Venison And Beef Flavors, K. Prakash Reddy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Venison is an important food item in the diet of the people of the United States. Deer is hunted both as sport and for food. Annually, nearly 180,000 hunters go afield in Utah in search of deer. Over 130,000 animals are killed which amounts to an annual harvest of over 15,000,000 pounds of dressed venison. This contributes about 10 1/2 million dollars to the economy of the state from licenses, lodgings, transportation, and other expenses of hunting.

Influence Of Temperature On Protein, Moisture And Fat And Some Other Factors In Charcoal Broiled Meats, Ilene C. Savage

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Due to the increasing popularity of outdoor cooking of meat, there is interest in determining the chemical and physical changes that occur during the charcoal broiling process. Of particular interest is the effect of these changes upon the quality of the broiled meat. Although broiling is not a new method of cooking meat, a review of the literature revealed few reports of scientific work on broiled meats. Some work has been done on the effect of different cooking methods on weight losses, tenderness, palatability, thiamine, protein content, but no reports were found relating surface temperature and cooking time to rate …

Neutral 17-Ketosteroids And 17, 21-Dihydroxy-20-Ketosteroids In Urine Of University Students, Shon-Hua Yu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Degenerative disease of old age such as atherosclerosis and cerebral hemorrhage appear to be related to abnormal lipid metabolism. Many investigators have studied the role of steroid hormones on lipid and cholesterol metabolism in rats and chickens. The results have consistantly indicated that both corticosteroids and sex hormones play an important role in the regulation of lipid and cholesterol metabolism, in vivo. Serum cholesterol values in humans have been decreased by estrogens, while androgen administration tends to increase circulating cholesterol. Estrogens have been shown to decrease circulating cholesterol and prevent cholesterol-induced coronary atherosclerosis in chickens. A study of the …

Effects Of Pre- And Post-Harvest Applications Of 6-Furfurylaminopurine And N6-Benzyladenine On Physio-Chemical Changes In Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.), Hussein Ibrahim El-Mansy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The extent and nature of physio-chemical changes that take place in detached leaves after harvest and during storage have been reviewed and discussed by Osborne (1962) and Rogers (1955). These changes include loss of moisture (Wittwer et al., 1962), chlorophyll degredation (Person et al., 1957), Protein loss (Thimann and Manmahan, 1960), and result in subsequent appearance of the visual manifestations of senescence of plant tissues.

As lettuce, like most leafy vegetables, deteriorates rapidly and steadily after harvest. Loss of quality is inevitable and can only be minimized by rapid handling and with the best possible storage conditions (Pratt …

Effects Of Hydro-Cooling, Chemicals, And Packaging Treatments On Refrigerated-Life And Quality Of Sweet Cherries And In Vitro Effects Of Chemicals On Selected Fungi Responsible For Fruit Deterioration, Joseph Yungsheng Do

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

As the population tends to urbanize, the potential consumer market of fresh produce becomes distant from the producing farm. This distance brings to growers and handlers the problems of how to keep their fresh products unspoiled after harvest and during transit period of shipping, and how they can be delivered to the specified destination without substantial deterioration. It is the common interest of fruit growers, shippers, wholesalers, and retailers that the shelf-life of fresh fruit be prolonged to increase sales.

Sweet cherries are one of the important fruit crops in Utah. Being highly perishable, fresh sweet cherries have relatively short …

Canada Goose Production And Population Stability, Ogden Bay Waterfowl Management Area, Utah, Norman H. Dey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Since the development of Ogden Bay Waterfowl Management Area in 1937, the Canada goose (Branta canadesis moffitti) population increased to a peak in 1949 and then declined slightly. Nelson (1954) noted that the decrease in population was probably due to either a change in habitat or increased hunting pressure. In recent years, direct band returns have indicated a high mortality rate in the population. This project was initiated to determine the relative stability of the Canada goose population and to measure, as closely as possible, the effect of a high mortality rate upon the nesting population.

Studies Of The Incorporation Of 5-Fluorouracil Into Tobacco Mosaic Viral Rna By Cell-Free Synthesing Systems Isolated From Infected Tobacco Plants, Helen Lu-Sheng Wang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Research on biosynthesis of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) ribonucleic acid in vitro has been reported by a number of laboratories (8, 16, 17). Bonner et al. postulated that ribonucleic acid could be synthesized from nucleotides by chromatin extracted from nuclei of pea seedlings (5, 14, 22). The evidence from in vitro synthesis of viral RNA suggested that an enzyme, RNA polymerase, links the four nucleotides (ATP, UTP, CTP, GTP) with viral RNA present as a primer and magnesium ions participating as a catalyst (7, 8).

A History Of Timber Resource Use In The Development Of Cache Valley, Utah, Douglas M. Bird

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

It has long been realized that the forests and forest products contributed very significantly toward the economic development of the Western United States. However, the extent of this contribution over a relatively small area has never been fully analyzed. Therein lies the primary justification for this paper. The author hopes that the readers of this paper will, through their reading, gain some appreciation of the major role the forest and its products played in the development of the western community.

Because of some important social differences between the area described in this paper and other western communities, the history herein …

Thermal Degradation Of Pigments And Relative Biochemical Changes In Cherries And Apricots, K. B. Dalal

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The extent and nature of biochemical changes that take place in canned fruits during storage temperatures above freezing have been reviewed and discussed by Pederson, et al. (1947). These changes include loss in nutritive value, e.g. ascorbic acid, thiamine (Brenner, et al., 1948) and deterioration of color (Tressler, et al., 1955). Bauernfeind (1953) reported that canned peaches, apricots, and sweet cherries, after a few months of storage at 70°F, frequently undergo changes such as destruction of anthocyanin and carotenoid pigments with the subsequent formation of brown colored compounds. Darkening of fruit-color eventually results in their unacceptability at …

Farmers' Reactions Toward Upland Bird Hunting In Two Utah Counties, 1957, Frank J. Calkins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Proof that public hunting on private lands is a growing Utah problem is, perhaps, most easily found by driving down any country lane. “No Trespassing" signs come one to a fence post or so it must seem to the pheasant hunter. His quarry is the most popular of Utah's farm game species and, unfortunately, the most popular subject of farmer-sportsmen disputes.

Reasoning that short seasons reduce hunter nuisances and property damage, landowners have long advocated three- to five-day pheasant seasons. And because of this and a former game department concern about overshooting the birds (Utah Fish and Game Commission, 1946) …

Lactation Efficiency Of Holstein Cows As Related To Rate And Efficiency Of Growth, Charles H. Mickelsen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The relationship of quantity and quality of feed to milk production has been studied for many years. Feeding standards have been developed to systematize feeding of dairy cows according to their requirements. Recently, interest in efficiency of cows in converting feed nutrients into milk has increased.

An Ecological Study Of The Bear Lake Littoral Zone, Utah-Idaho, Gar W. Workman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In the past, several projects have been conducted at Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho, by the Utah State University through the Wildlife Resources Department, in conjunction with the Utah and Idaho fish and game departments, the Fish and Wildlife Service , and the National Science Foundation. These projects have dealt primarily with limnology, limnological techniques, fish life histories, fish movements, and bottom fauna in the pelagic and benthic areas of the lake. Subsequently, a littoral zone project was set up to study some of the ecological aspects of the shallow waters of Bear Lake, and some of the influences that this area …

Factors Affecting The Price Of Turkeys And Their Usefulness In Decision Making By Utah Turkey Producers, Anthon H. Turley Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Production of turkeys in Utah has had a rapid growth since its beginning a few decades ago. In 1929 there were only 226,000 birds sold by Utah producers and in 1960 there were 2,798,000 birds sold. Over this 31 year period of time production has increased 12 times.

Gross income received in 1960 for Utah turkeys amounted to $13,787,000 and accounted for 8.35 percent of total farm income in Utah in 1960 (2).

In addition to the income direct to turkey producers, this industry contributes to the incomes of various other industries such as processors, feed handlers, hatcheries, transportation agencies, …

The Effects Of Cooking Temperature And Stage Of Doneness On Some Factors In Broiled Beef, Carmencita Salvosa

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Broiling is cooking tender cuts of meat by radiant heat from hot coals, a gas flame, or an electric element. Steaks and chops for broiling are from 1 to 2 inches thick.

Broiling as a method of cooking mat is not new, but the directions for the process are the result of individual trial and error testing and are often in conflict. Current interest in indoor and outdoor broiling, particularly in Western United States, emphasizes the need for better information. There is no measuring device for surface heat during broiling and thus little research on the relationship of surface temperature, …

Factors Influencing Elk Distribution On Willow Creek Summer Range, Utah, Duane Eldro Jeffery

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study is aimed at gaining a better understanding of the factors responsible for the distribution of elk on summer range, and an analysis of characteristics of preferred habitat. Such knowledge should prove of value in elk management, both in better managing elk herds themselves, and in coordinating their needs with those of other land uses.

The Nitrification Of Ammonium Sulfate In Polyethylene Bags In The Field And Laboratory, Carlos Dean Smith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

There are many advantages and some disadvantages associated with the fall application of nitrogen fertilizers. The advantages of applying fertilizer at this time appear very convincing. It is easier to get onto the land in the fall. During the fall, farmers usually have more time to apply fertilizer than they do in the spring. In the fall the fertilizer companies offer better services. This is because the fall application of fertilizer lengthens out their season, thus making it possible for them to handle more fertilizer.

The main disadvantage is the fact that it is possible to lose the fall-applied nitrogen …

The Effect Of Range Condition And Intensity Of Grazing Upon The Daily Intake And Nutritive Value Of The Diet Of Sheep On Summer Ranges Of Northern Utah, Merwyn Mortimer Kothmann

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The mountainous ranges of the West are commonly used during the summer and have been used in this manner since the settlement of white men over a century ago. Many of these ranges have been mis-managed and are in poor condition. The productivity of these ranges greatly affects the economy of the nation; thus, if ranges in poor condition have a nutritive value lower than ranges in good condition, it results in an economic loss. little work has been done to determine the nutritive value of mountainous summer ranges in good condition compared to similar ranges in poor condition.

Influence Of Sodium And Calcium Chlorides On Respiration Of Tissues From Several Plant Species, Hossein Lessani

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The growth of plants on saline and alkaline soils has occupied the attention of agriculturists and scientists for many years. Saline soils are found in many parts of the world and present real problems to crop production.

Mineral Salt Movement In Roots As Affected By Various Factors, C. James Lovelace

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Normal healthy growth and development of plants necessitates that they have certain elements to fulfill their mineral requirements. Environmental conditions play an important part in fulfilling these needs. Should any of these essential elements be lacking, the plant displays certain symptoms. Although iron has been classified both as a micro-element and a macro-element, it is undoubtedly necessary for all plants to some extent.

Studies And Observations On Potato Powdery Mildew, Brent C. Palmer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Within the past several years, powdery mildew disease has become an increasingly important problem to potato growers in the northern part of Utah. In some fields, reduction in yield due to powdery mildew has been estimated to be as high as 30 percent (Treshow and Cannon, 1961). The disease has been reported from many parts of the world. Other than in Utah, however, the only place where it has been considered to be of economic importance is Palestine. In that country, reduction in yield has been estimated to be as high as 20 percent (Palti and Moeller, 1946).

Infrared Spectroscopy As Applied To The Study Of Biochemical Changes Induced By Tobacco Mosaic Virus In Leaf Cells, Banavara Krishnappa Chandrasekhar

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The biochemical reactions occurring during the early stages in the infection cycle of a plant virus are still unknown. Many studies involving bacteriophage and animal viruses that have been made in recent years have provided evidence of the nature of virus infection, but these have not been of much value in understanding the nature of plant viruses. Infrared spectroscopy applied to the study of viral infection processes by Chochran and his co-workers (1960, 1962) have given some clues about the nature of biochemical changes taking place in the leaf tissues as a result of infection with cucumber mosaic virus and …

Leaf Ribonuclease Activity As Related To Virus Infection, And Ribonucleic Acid Concentration, Andrew Chien-Yau Hsu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) appears to be the entity responsible for infectivity and genetic continuity in certain plant, animal and bacterial viruses. RNA also plays an important role in protein synthesis. The enzymes which are involved in RNA synthesis and degradation have received much attention. Among these enzymes ribonuclease (RNase) has been most thoroughly studied Rnase is widely distributed and has been isolated from many sources such as snake venom, bacteria, the pancreas, and many plant and animal tissues. Most studies with RNase have been concerned with its role in the hydrolysis of RNA in vitro. Therefore, it has generally been …