Life Sciences Commons^™

Host-Parasite Relationships Between Prunus Mahaleb And The Parasitic Nematodes Pratylenchus Neglectus And Meloidogyne Hapla, Bernard Al Tait

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Utah orchardists have encountered problems which they have needed to control for continued successful and economical fruit production. Some of these problems are diseases such as western-X virus, cytospora canker (Wadley, 1955) and codling moth (Davis, 1957). These diseases, because of their nature and severity, have received more attention than others.

Radiosensitivity And Cytogenetic Studies On An Interspecific Grass Hybrid, Paul James Bottino

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The complex response of plants to ionizing radiation has never been clearly understood. One of the main problems is the differential sensitivity of plants to radiation. A clear understanding of differential sensitivity lies far in the future. For the present a major question is: can we predict the radiosensitivity of a plant before radiation exposure? Some progress has been made in answering this question. Sparrow et al. (29) feel that they have a useful statistic which can be used to predict the approximate radiosensitivity of a plant. Average interphase chromosome volume has been tested on sixteen species of herbaceous plants …

Existing And Potential Outdoor Recreation Resources In Bear Lake Valley, Utah And Idaho, Dennis H. Black

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Providing adequate outdoor recreational opportunities to the public is now a national problem. Of the many influences affecting the demand for recreation, increased income, population increase, sociological changes, and rapidly increasing technological developments are the more important. In the face of these factors, we must plan better to insure sufficient future needs. This will require evaluation and development of many recreation opportunities.

The Bear Lake are of northeastern Utah and southeastern Idaho is situated along U.S. 89 and within close driving distance of much of Utah's population. Up to the present there has been little orderly or planned development of …

A Study Of The Development Of The Sexual Stage Of Rhytisma Punctatum (Pers.) Fries, Ching-Fei Chen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Speckled tar spot caused by Rhytisma punctatum (Persoon) Fries is often found on maples in many parts of the world (Holden, 1961; Koval', 1960; Saccardo, 1889). In Northern Utah it develops every year on leaves of Acer grandidentatum Nutt., and it is especially abundant at elevations above 6,000 feet, where often it is difficult to find even one uninfected leaf. The black speckled spots and the associated leaf coloring tend to add to the brilliance of the autumn colors normally found in the leaves of Bigtooth Maple.

Mechanical Transmission Of A Latent Virus From Apple To Herbaceous Plants, Ali Majid Jafri

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Recent work has shown that viruses are widely disseminated in commercial apple trees growing in this country (1, 14, 16, 17)—quite often one or more latent viruses are found in these plants. Usually latent viruses produce no symptoms, except in special indicator hosts. Latent viruses may cause severe injury when infected plants are grafted to a sensitive variety or rootstock. Actual damage caused by most of the apple viruses is not known but some of these definitely cause serious losses. Experimental plots at Utah State University were ruined by stem pitting virus infection. However, other latent viruses were also present …

Chlorophyll, Cartenoid And Protein Metabolism In Relation To Iron Chlorosis, Antaraguttu Subbayya Shetty

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Iron as an essential element has been known since 1843, when Gris proved its need for the growth and well being of plants. Since then, many investigations have been carried out on various aspects of iron nutrition, leading to the accumulation of a vast literature, a monument to the assiduity of the chemists and the biologists.

Saponin Content Of Lahontan And Du Puits Alfalfas, George Allan Taylor

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Primitive peoples have used saponins for many years to kill fish and as a detergent.

Seasonal Habits And Habitat Of The Ruffed Grouse In The Wellsville Mountains, Utah, Robert L. Phillips

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus incana) inhabits much of the deciduous woodland of northern and central Utah. Its distribution is confined mainly to the Wasatch and Uinta mountain ranges. It has been observed in willows (Salix spp.) at 5, 000 feet elevation and in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) at 9,000 feet.

California Mastitis Test Scores Of Individual Quarters Compared With Composite Milk Samples And With Milk Leucocyte Counts, Joseph R. Quayle

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Udder inflammation, whether caused by bacterial, physical, or neurological means, usually results in the secretion of milk that is abnormal in character.

Demand For Boating In Selected Counties Of Northern Utah, Harold D. Morris

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Each year many new families enter the recreational boating force. Boat ownership throughout the nation has increased over the past few years until it no longer appears to be a status symbol, but merely a very popular means of increasing family enjoyment of the great out-of-doors.

A Survey Of The State Of Utah For Areas Infested With The Stem Nematode Of Alfalfa, Dwayne R. Buxton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Plant nematodes belong to a large group of invertebrates known as round worms, They derive their name from the Greek word "nema," meaning thread. In literature some authors refer to nematodes as nemas. In England and many parts of the United States, plant-parasitic nematodes are called eelworms.

While some damage to plants results from mechanical injury, salivary secretions injected by the nematode into the plant are usually the major cause of damage. Experiments conducted in the first part of the present century have demonstrated large differences in plant growth in soil infested with nematodes and soil freed of nematodes by …

A Revision Of The Bee Genus Epeolus Latreille Of Western America North Of Mexico, Richard L. Brumley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Members of the genus Epeolus are small to medium-sized wasp-like bees which parasitize the colletid genus Colletes. Twenty-two species and two subgenera are recognized in this work.

Investigations Into Flavor Chemistry With Special Reference To Synthesis Of Volatiles In Developing Tomato Fruit (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) Under Field And Glass Greenhouse Growing Conditions, K. B. Dalal

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The common tomato of our garden belongs to the natural order Solanaceae and the genus Lycopersicum. The name from lykos, a wolf, and persica a peach, is given to it because of the supposed aphrodisiacal qualities, and the beauty of the fruit. By culture and use it is a vegetable, botanically it is a fruit and among the fruits, it is a berry being indehiscent, pulpy, with one or more seeds that are not stones.

Physiological And Biochemical Factors Influencing The Quality Of Canned And Freeze-Dehydrated Applesauce, Yuen San Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Applesauce has long been considered an important food product in the United States. Approximately 25 percent of the fresh apples used by the industry in the U.S. are converted into sauce. Recent statistics indicated a further increase in consumption (Canning Trade Almanac, 1964). The reason why so large portion of the crop have been utilized for sauce manufacture is that we can use the desirable varieties for blending techniques in making sauce, and its fine particle character has some advantages as a kind of baby food.

According to the U.S. standard grades of canned applesauce, Grade A (Fancy) applesauce should …

Venison Flavor: Study Of Volatile Compounds In Cooked Deer Meat, Praful C. Vin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Venison meat has a characteristic flavor which is acceptable if mild but some venison has a strong and objectionable flavor. The subject is of practical importance where deer is hunted as sport and for food. Each year in the State of Utah, over 180,000 hunters go in search of deer and over 130,000 animals are killed. This contributes about 10 1/2 million dollars to the economy of the state from licenses, lodging, transportation and other expenses of hunting. The problem is not only important in Utah but also in the U.S.A. and other parts of the world where venison is …

Effects Of Variety, Maturity, And Storage On Quality And Nutritive Value Of Certain Processed Fruits, Captain Noel Scholes Schvaneveldt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The fruit production industry is of significant economic importance in the state of Utah. The annual receipts by the producers of fruit is usually between $3,000,000 and $5,000,000 according to Utah Agricultural Statistics (1963). With the farmer receiving only about 38 percent of the consumer's dollar this amounts to approximately $9,000,000 to $15,000,000 total contribution by the fruit industry. The recent trend, however, is a slight reduction in acreage, number of farms, and total production of fruit.

One of the major problems of the fruit industry and all agriculture in the state is the small size of the farms. In …

Activation Of Prorennin At Low Ph Values, Nazar A. Shukri

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Rennin is the main milk-clotting enzyme in the fourth stomach of young calves. This enzyme has been crystallized and studied by several workers such as Hankinson, Berridee, and Ernstrom, and found to be heterogeneous. It is a proteolytic enzyme, which exhibits its maximum activity on hemoglobin, bovine serum albumin, and casein in the region of pH 3.4 - 4.0. It has a specificity similar to, but narrower than, that of pepsin.

A Longitudinal Study: The Relationship Of Various Physical Characteristics To Serum Cholesterol In Preadolescents And Adolescents, Carol Ann Milligan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Although many theories have been formulated concerning atherosclerosis and its relationship to the incidence of coronary heart disease, few actual facts are known. It is known that atherosclerosis is very complex and appears to be influenced by many factors. It is postulated that an elevated serum cholesterol level is one predisposing factor.

Serum cholesterol levels are likewise influenced by many factors. Age, sex, body build, exercise, socio-economic levels, smoking, health status, weight loss or gain, dietary fat, endocrine function, and stress have been shown to be related to serum cholesterol levels, and according to some authors also are related to …

Studies On The Relationship Of Polygalacturonase Inhibitors To Verticillium Wilt Resistance In Tomatoes, Robert Lee Sneed

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Early studies of the vascular wilts were directed toward understanding the wilting of susceptible varieties (19, 22, 23). Only in recent years have workers begun to study plant resistance to Fusarium and Verticillium wilts.

A Revision Of The Eriogonum Deflexum Torr. Complex, James L. Reveal

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study includes those annual species of Eriogonum which have glabrous cordate or obtusely based calyx-segments, and 5-lobed involucres which are deflexed or erect on rather stout peduncles. With the possible exception of a few peripheral taxa, these species are believed to constitute a natural assemblage.

The Effect Of Fluoride On C14O2-Fixation And The Synthesis Of Organic Acids, Amino Acids, Protein And Carbohydrates, Chin-Fung Li

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many studies have been conducted on the effect of fluoride on plants, but the exact mechanisms by which fluoride causes damage is little understood. The following physiological and metabolic processes are known to be affected by fluoride: a decrease in chlorophyll (McNulty and Newman, 1961), a diminished rate of photosynthesis (Thomas and Hendricks, 1956; Bishop, et al., 1958), decreased plant growth (Bonner and Thimann, 1950), inhibition of ascorbic acid synthesis (Smith, 1952), variation in starch and total polysaccharides (Donald and Emerson, 1961), inhibition of glucose transport (Jiri, et al., 1962), inhibition of metabolism (Ordin and Skoe, 1963), effects …

A Study Of 5-Fluorouracil: Its Effects And Mode Of Action In Drosophila Melanogaster, John B. Jenkins Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Investigations involving the fluorinated pyrimidine, 5-fluorouracil, and its effects on viruses, bacteria, plants and mammals, have brought to light the following facts: FU inhibits the growth of bacteria, plants and mammalian cells and it decreases the ability of certain viruses to produce progeny. In other words, FU is an antimetabolite that inhibits growth and/or reproduction. Two mechanisms have emerged from these studies to define the mode of action of FU. The first mechanism involves the incorporation of the compound into the RNA of the organism thus altering the base sequence and creating a non functional or damaging nucleic acid. The …

Effect Of Fluoride On Respiratory Enzymes In Soybean Leaves, Arthur Chiu-Eng Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

There are many reports relating the effects of fluorides on plant respiration. Fluoride has been regarded as an inhibitor of respiration. Warburg et al. (1942) demonstrated that fluoride inhibited enolase activity, therefore, decreased the respiration rate of yeast. Miller (1958), found a similar inhibition of enolase from pea seed. Bonner (1948), Bonner and Wildman (1946), and Laties (1949) reported that the fluoride ion in culture solutions reduced the respiration rate in Avena Coleoptile, spinach leaves and barley roots. Since the inhibition was reversed by the addition of pyruvate, they concluded that the inhibition of respiration was due to the inactivation …

The Relative Accuracy Of Estimating The Production Of Dairy Cows As Affected By Length Of Testing Interval And Method Of Estimating Production, Ross M. Young

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Production records for dairy cows were first based on the yield of butter for a seven day period any time during the lactation. Later, 365- day records based on production for one day in each calendar month came into general use. The records preferred at present are 305- day records based on monthly test day production, but calculated using the centering date method. The centering date estimate is based on milk and butterfat production from two consecutive milkings per month. The sampling day is centered as nearly as possible in the test month period which need not coincide with the …

Demand For Household Water In Northern Utah, 1962, Seth H. Schick

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Water is not a single use resource. It can be used for completely unrelated purposes. There are four general uses for water: household, industrial, agricultural, and recreational. Since water is an economic good it must be properly allocated among the four uses to maximize the returns to society. Also, There must be proper allocation among competing units within each major use.

Studies On The Relationship Of Serum Lipids And Dietary Intake Of Fat In Senior Citizens, Lina Wu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A number of research studies have shown that aging is a continuous and cumulative process of biological changes which frequently result in cardiovascular diseases in the older age group. Degenerative diseases of old age such as atherosclerosis and coronary artery diseases appear to be related to abnormal lipid metabolism. The findings which indicate serum cholesterol values rise with age are by no means unanimous. The combined evidence in the literature points out that serum cholesterol of newborn infants is low, then rises steadily with age in both sexes from adolescence through middle age with a higher value in males than …

Morphology, Fertility, And Cytology Of Diploid And Colchicine-Induced Tetraploid Fairway Crested Wheatgrass, William Tai

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Fairway crested wheatgrass, which is identified taxonomically as Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (45), A. cristatiforme (38), or A. pectiniforme Roem. and Schult (22), is an economically important range grass belonging to the "crested wheatgrass complex" (24, 38). The crested wheatgrass complex includes diploid, 2n = 14, tetraploid, 2n = 28, and hexaploid, 2n = 42, forms (1, 11, 22). The variety Fairway and Fairway-like derivatives are the only known diploid members of the species complex (24, 38). Meiotic chromosome behavior of Fairway diploids appears to be typical of other diploid species; however, the number of plants examined …

On The Behavioral Responses Of Free Uinta Ground Squirrels To Trapping, David F. Balph

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Biologists often trap animals to obtain information on them. If trapping is selective toward some animals, the information may be inaccurate. Most mammalogists know or suspect that their trapping techniques (reviewed by Hayne, 1949; and Stickel, 1954) contain sources of bias. Since trapping remains the only feasible way to obtain information on many animals, researchers have tried to discover sources of sampling error and refine their techniques. They have found that one major source of difficulty may lie in the behavior of animals. Individual animals seem to respond differently to trapping, both initially and through learning (Geis, 1955; Crowcroft and …

Canada Goose Production And Population Stability, Ogden Bay Waterfowl Management Area, Utah, Norman H. Dey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Since the development of Ogden Bay Waterfowl Management Area in 1937, the Canada goose (Branta canadesis moffitti) population increased to a peak in 1949 and then declined slightly. Nelson (1954) noted that the decrease in population was probably due to either a change in habitat or increased hunting pressure. In recent years, direct band returns have indicated a high mortality rate in the population. This project was initiated to determine the relative stability of the Canada goose population and to measure, as closely as possible, the effect of a high mortality rate upon the nesting population.

To estimate …

Influence Of Sodium And Calcium Chlorides In The Nutrient Solution On Secretions Of Salt Glands Of Tamarix Species, Don L. Chadwick

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Salt glands are an adaptation for living in saline habitats possessed by several species of plants. In the family of Plumbaginaceae at least three mangrove genera, Aegialitis, Aegiceras, and Avicennia, possess salt glands according to Scholander (1962). Salt glands of the small ornamental shrubs, Statice gmelini, and Limonium latifoluim of the same family, were studied by Ruhland (1915) and Arisz (1955). Spartina townsendii of the Graminaceae and Tamarix petandra, Tamarix hispida, and Tamarix aphylla of the Tamaricaceae families also have the glands.