Life Sciences Commons^™

An Inheritance Study Of Sedimentation Values In Three Winter Wheat Crosses, Douglas J. Baker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three crosses were used to study the inheritance of the sedimentation properties in hard red winter wheat. The parents of the three crosses were the variety Delmar, and the breeding lines 217-61-7-14 and 217-19-5. Delmar has high sedimentation properties, 217-61-7-14 is intermediate, and 217-19-5 has very poor sedimentation qualities.

Sedimentation tests were run on five replications of the parents and 300 samples of the F₃ populations in each cross. A semi-micro sedimentation test (a one-fourth scale test) was run on 200 F₂ plants and the F₁'s from each cross. The distributions from each cross were analyzed …

Improvements In The Biological Assay Of Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Calvin Ray Lamborn

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Bean plants which were most susceptible to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were selected from more than 1,000 plant introductions. Thirty-eight percent of the lines tested developed local lesions, an indication of susceptibility to TMV. Six percent were better local lesion hosts than the commonly used bean variety (Pinto). Some lines were nine times more susceptible than the variety Pinto. Selections from P. I. 164353, 165455, 273673, 227379 and 223006 appeared to be the best local lesion hosts. A selection from P. I. 223006 produced lesions which were larger, lighter in color and slower developing than those of any other line …

A Study Of Foliar Absorption Of Urea In Peach And Apple Trees Influenced By Plant And Environmental Factors, Ataollah Yazdaniha

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Studies were conducted under greenhouse conditions to investigate the relative efficiency of urea absorption by 1-month-old peach and apple leaves. A 4 percent solution of urea containing .1 percent Colloidal X-77 was applied to the leaves in the form of a fine spray. To aid in this procedure, an improved micros prayer with a l milliliter capacity was developed. Accuracy of the sprayer was ± l percent.

Under greenhouse conditions, the upper and lower surface of peach and apple leaves absorbed urea. More urea was absorbed through the lower than the upper surface. Peach lower surface absorbed nearly as much …

Gas Chromatographic Determination Of Changes In Concentration Of Pipecolic Acid And Other Free Amino Acids In Hypersensitive Tobacco Plants Induced By Tobacco Mosaic Virus And Temperature, David Francis Brown

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Changes in concentrations of pipecolic acid and other free amino acids in Nicotiana tabacum, L. cv. Xanthi induced by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) incubated at 75 or 95 F after inoculation were investigated gas chromatographically. A preliminary extraction and gas chromatographic technique for separation and quantitative determination of the free amino acids, using hydroxyproline as an internal standard, was developed.

Amino acids were converted into their trifluoroacetyl n-butyl (TAB) derivatives and gas chromatographed on 0.325 percent ethylene glycol adipate (EGA) columns. Resolution was generally good, but glycine-isoleucine and phenylalanine-aspartic acids were not resolved on old columns. The over-all …

The Development Of Eimeria Auburnensis In Cell Culture, Wayne Norris Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In vitro development of Eimeria auburnensis was studied in cell cultures. The cell types used were established cell lines of adult bovine kidney (Madin-Darby) and embryonic human intestine cells (Int 407); also cell line cultures of embryonic bovine trachea and embryonic bovine spleen cells were used. Monolayer cell cultures were serially propagated in disposable prescription bottles and transferred to Leighton tubes for use in experiments. Coverslips from Leighton tubes cultures inoculated with sporozoites were examined at regular intervals with phase-contrast microscopy for as long as 20 days after inoculation. After examination, coverslips were fixed in Schaudinn's fluid or Stieve's fixative …

Factors Affecting Mourning Dove Use Of Water In Artificial Catchment Basins In A Dryland Farming Area Of Utah, Norman A. Slade

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The mourning dove population of the Howell-Blue Creek Watershed in northern Utah was studied by Norman Slade in an effort to determine why many more doves frequented certain of the 20 fiberglass catchment basins installed in the area.

More doves used basins on the west side of the valley, probably as a result of temperature differences. More doves used those basins surrounded by more land in summer fallow and with fewer basins nearby. Areas in sagebrush were used for nesting.

The number of doves drinking in a particular hour was affected by the presence of predators or antagonists but not …

The Effect Of High Air Temperature And Depth Of Planting On The Emergence And Development Of Selected Grain Sorghum (Sorghum Vulgare) Cultivars, Jhander Orihuela

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The behavior of seedlings of six sorghum cultivars planted at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 centimeters was studied in growth chambers at air temperatures of 28, 32, 36, and 40 centigrades (daytime).

A day length of 12 hours and a nighttime air temperature 8 centigrades lower than daytime were used throughout.

The cultivars, three hybrids and three varieties, were grown in sand culture. Field moisture capacity was maintained during the period of observation.

After 14 days of growth, data were collected on the emergence percentages, above ground growth, above ground oven dry weights, below ground growth, and below ground oven …

Determining Market Areas For Livestock Grazing, Robert G. Williams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Differentials between rancher costs of operating on private and public range were studied in an attempt to define market areas for livestock grazing in western United States.

The problem of defining market areas is basically a problem of grouping differentials between rancher costs of grazing on private leased range and National Forests that are reasonably homogeneous and statistically testing differences among means of the different groups.

Several methods were used to group forests with reasonably uniform differentials into market areas for cattle. A grouping of forests which have the same average grazing fee does not, however, yield market areas which …

Analysis Of Long-Term Streamflow Patterns On Two Davis County Experimental Watersheds In Utah, Stephen P. Glasser

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The influence of aspect on water yield variability over a long period, 1936-1964, was studied at two small, mountainous watersheds within the Davis County Experimental Watershed near Farmington, Utah.

North-facing Miller Creek is densely vegetated by a conifer-aspen forest and mountain brush. Miller Creek's yield was more variable for daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual flows than yields from south-west facing Halfway Creek which is covered by mountain brush. Differences between watersheds in annual yield and snowmelt season runoff were nonsignificant.

The snowmelt runoff season extended for an average of 65 days on both watersheds, but it began 24 days earlier …

Quantitative Evaluation Of Saponin Content In Du Puits Alfalfa Foliage (Medicago Sativa L.) With Trichoderma, Wang Li-Chun

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Selections in Du Puits alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ) were evaluated for saponin content. The data obtained from the Trichoderma bioassay were converted to saponin values by regressions and standard curves. It was necessary to adjust the concentration of alfalfa extract in the bioassay so that the saponin content in alfalfa was estimated in that portion of the curve showing a marked response to saponin. A different regression was established for each group of low and high saponin plants of Du Puits alfalfa. The standard curve prepared with extract of Du Puits alfalfa used on the basis of its …

Waterfowl Production On A Spring-Fed Salt Marsh In Utah, Donald E. Mcknight

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Results of past studies on the spring-fed salt marshes of Utah indicated that waterfowl production on these areas was much lower than on Utah's river-fed marshes. Waterfowl production on the newly-established Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, a spring-fed marsh, increased considerably, however, after its waters were impounded. It was believed that by determining what caused this increased production at Fish Springs it would be possible to obtain greater waterfowl production at other spring-fed marshes. Consequently waterfowl populations and factors affecting waterfowl production on this marsh were studied during the summers of 1966, 1967, and 1968.

Populations of breeding ducks averaged …

The Desert Bighorn Sheep Of Southeastern Utah, Charles A. Irvine

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In April, 1967, this study was begun in a 211-square-mile area, in the rugged, arid, Red Canyon area in San Juan County, southeastern Utah. Sixteen months were spent in the field to determine the population trend, migration, distribution, and the affect of water on distribution of the bighorn sheep.

No migration was documented, but seasonal shifts did occur. The shifts were due to the availability of water in the free state and in plants. Dry periods forced sheep to remain close to seeps and springs.

Lambing peaked in May and was over by June. Lou lamb mortality and high numbers …

Dew Point Hygrometer With Constant Resistance Humidity Transducer, Curtis B. Campbell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The hygroscopic and electrical resistance characteristics of lithium chloride are investigated. Then an evaluation is made of the lithium chloride characteristics that would be suitable in development of a dew point hygrometer with measurement accuracy of ± 0.3 C.

The development of a 12 volt battery-powered hygrometer is presented with circuit details and performance characteristics. Lithium chloride phase transition hygrometers tend to oscillate under certain conditions. A damping control is presented as part of the circuit details and recordings of the response characteristics and effectiveness of damping are presented showing effective control of the oscillations with a wide range of …

Methods Of Correcting Iron And Zinc Deficiencies In Peach Trees, Earl Seeley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Studies were conducted to determine the effects of iron and zinc chelates on these deficiencies. Soil treatments, and foliar treatments with and without urea were used. It was found that in soil treatments at least one pound chelate per tree must be used to significantly increase the iron content of the leaves. The soil treatments did not result in as high a concentration in the leaves early in the season, but they had a residual effect that lasted throughout the entire growing season. Foliar treatments with iron did not effect the foliage that developed after the final application was made. …

Brisket Disease: Influence Of Hypoxia And An Induced Calcium-Potassium Imbalance On The Mineral Composition Of Blood, Heart, Liver, Kidney, And Bone, David Eugene Bailey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Brisket disease, an affliction of cattle, is important because of: (1) economic losses, (2) similarities to chronic mountain sickness in humans, and (3) the provision of experimental animals for cardiac research. In afflicted cattle, right cardiac ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation occur and are manifestations of attempted compensation for reduced alveolar oxygen by increasing pulmonary circulation.

Geographic variations in occurrence of brisket disease in Utah indicate that hypoxia is not the sole causative factor. From the findings that afflicted cattle exhibit hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia, and the disease occurs most commonly in wet meadowland environments where potassium is high and calcium low …

An Analysis Of Forest Service Grazing Statistics And A Case Study Of Public Grazing In Rich County, Utah, Barton F. Bailey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forest Service grazing permits for cattle and sheep were analyzed. A livestock and land resource summary was completed for each non-temporary permit reported on the 98 forests in the twelve western states.

The economic feasibility of private rangeland improvements to offset public land grazing in Rich County, Utah, was analyzed in the second section of this thesis. The internal rate of return for various projects was computed. The internal rate of return was used as an indicator of the economic feasibility to ranchers. These estimates were made on a county basis and do not apply to any particular ranch situation.

A Histopathological Study Of Rhizoctonia Solani Kuhn Infection Of Resistant And Susceptible Lines Of Lima Bean (Phaseolus Limensis Macf.), Chulevan Bunnag

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of Rhizoctonia solani on the hypocotyls of resistant and susceptible lines of lima bean were studied. The fungus attacks lima bean at one or more stages during host development and causes pre-and -postemergence damping-off, root rot, and foliage blight. The isolate of the fungus used in this study was obtained from infected radishes grown in Salt Lake County, Utah.

The formation of infection cushions and modes of penetration by this fungus was no different on the resistant and susceptible lima bean hypocotyls. The infection process was studied under laboratory conditions. Differential staining showed that the fungal hyphae were …

Rates Of Algal Production And Sphaerotilus Assimilation In The Logan River, Utah, Gary D. Beers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The rates of algal production and Sphaerotilus assimilation in the lower Logan River benthos were investigated in 1966 and 1967.

The rate of annual gross primary production (3,416 Kcal/m²/yr) was estimated from the relation of pigments to the photosynthetic rate of benthic communities in a submersible, metabolism chamber. The photosynthetic rate was predicted with high precision when a measure of the accessory pigments (D480/D665 and/or chlorophyll-c) was considered with the chlorophyll-a. The pigment density estimates were obtained from the community present on paraffin-coated, concrete hemispheres after immersion in the river for periods ranging from 11 to 20 …

Need For Post-High School Technical Training In Ornamental Horticulture In Davis, Salt Lake, And Utah Counties, Paul Peterson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The need for a technician training program in Ornamental Horticulture was studied in Davis, Salt Lake and Utah counties utilizing interviews and mailed survey instruments.

The greatest job increase during the next five years is anticipated for nursery workers, landscape helpers and greenhouse workers. The smallest anticipated increase is for florists, floor foreman and nursery technicians.

Skills requiring the highest degree of competency for workers in ornamental horticulture, according to employers, are retail salesmanship, plant identification and disease and insect control.

Courses receiving the highest rating in an ornamental horticulture technician curriculum, as given by owners and managers and by …

Overwintering Of Erwinia Amylovora Inside Living Host Tissue In Cache Valley, Utah, G. Doyle Morrill

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Experiments were conducted to see if Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al. overwinters inside living host tissue in Utah. Bacteria, collected from apple, pear, mountain ash, chokecherry and Pyracantha, were used in the experiment. Isolates taken from buds and inner bark plated on nutrient yeast dextrose agar, we re tested by serological and bacteriophage techniques. Those showing positive tests were then inoculated into Bartlett pear seedlings to test virulence.

Both virulent and avirulent isolates were isolated from each species of plant in the experiment. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from diseased tissue near cankers, as well as from apparently healthy inner …

Summer Distribution And Food Habits Of Microtus In The Logan Canyon Area, Utah, James B. Monroe

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Field work for the study was conducted in Logan Canyon and the valley at the base of that canyon in Cache County, Utah, during the three summer months of both 1968 and 1969, Microtus pennsylvanicus, found only in the valley, inhabits wet marshy areas. Microtus longicaudus is found in mixed deciduous woods a long the Logan River in the canyon. Microtus richardsoni, which occurs only at the higher elevations, inhabits the subalpine meadows. Microtus montanus inhabits mesic grassy fields in both the valley and Logan Canyon and also inhabits a mixed deciduous woods and tall canary grass ( …

Some Parent-Progeny Relationships In Agropyron Elongatum, Max W. Turley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty selected Agropyron elongatum clones were evaluated in parent and progeny nurseries with each clone represented by 560 progenies. Agronomic characters evaluated on the progenies included degree of erectness, three height measurements, and green weight data. Correlations were calculated between the seed yields of the progenies and the forage yield of the parents. General combining ability was determined for the 20 clones.

The clonal source of variation for erectness was high. More variation existed within clones for green weight than for any other character studied. Two specific clones exhibited better over-all general combining ability than the others. Successive seed yields …

Development Of A Low-Fat Spread, Clair L. Hicks

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A stable low-fat water-in-oil emulsion was satisfactorily prepared from milk-fat under laboratory conditions. The best product contained 40 per cent fat, 56.8-57.3 per cent water, 0.8 per cent sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.7-1.2 per cent milk solids-non-fat, and 1.2 percent salt. The spread was prepared equally well from butter or high test cream. When the product was made from cream (containing 74 per cent milk-fat) it was necessary to convert most of the globular fat to free fat prior to forming an emulsion. Globular fat in cream was successfully changed to free fat by homogenization at 2500 pounds per square inch …

Rennin Content Of Abomasa From Bovine Fetuses, Suk Hoon Pang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Rennet extract is an important commercial enzyme preparation which is indispensable to the cheese making industry, The term "rennet" is used to denote the enzyme system extracted from the fourth stomach (abomasum) of a suckling calf. Most of the enzymatic material in the extract is rennin. It also contains a small amount of pepsin(15) and some other proteolytic enzymes(4). The amount of pepsin in rennet extract appears to depend upon the age of the calves at the time of slaughter(31).

Effect Of Foliar Application Of Urea And Ammonium Nitrate On The Dry Weight And Protein Content Of Maize Plants, Alvaro Fiallos

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Urea and ammonium nitrate were applied to leaves of maize plants growing in growth chambers on nutrient solutions containing three different concentrations of ammonium nitrate. Dry weights, and the soluble protein contents of leaves, sterns and roots we remeasured.

Both urea and ammonium nitrate did increase the dry weights of leaves and stems when ammonium nitrate was used in the nutrient solutions (0.5 and 2.5 mM/ liter). When nitrogen was not used in the nutrient solutions, no increments of dry weight occurred. The protein contents of leaves were increased for plants in the same nutrient solutions that produced increases in …

The Anatomical And Morphological Effects Of Dcpa On Seedlings Of Selected Species Of Plants, Bijan Shaybany

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Seeds of oat, green foxtail, squash and tomato were germinated in soil treated with different levels of DCPA (dimethyl 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrachlorote-rephthalate). The concentrations used varied according to the sensitivity of the plants to the chemical.

The response of oat and foxtail to DCPA was similar. The growth of booth root and shoot was reduced. This reduction was directly related to the concentration of DCPA. Anatomical studies showed that cells in the shoot and root meristems of treated plants were completely disarranged and that some of the cells of these regions were hypertrophied. Some clumping of nuclei was observed …

Quality Of Beef Roasts: Electronic Versus Conventional Cooking, Frances Glassett Taylor

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of breed, backfat thickness, and methods of cooking on quality of beef roasts was determined by sensory and objective methods. Arm and rib roasts from Hereford, Shorthorn, Charolais, and Shorthorn-Charolais animals were cooked by several methods.

Roasts of the ninth to twelfth ribs were all dry roasted at 325 Farenheit. Boned and unboned roasts (sixth to eighth ribs) were cooked by conventional and electronic methods. Only significant results are reported herein.

Objective tests using the Warner-Bratzler shear indicated roasts of Shorthorn animals to be the most tender of the four breeds.

Sensory analysis by an experienced panel of …

Analysis Of Fruit Juices And Drinks Of Ascorbic Acid Content, Anna Man-Saw Liu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A total of 33 common fruit juices and drinks representing 15 different fruits were analyzed for ascorbic acid content by a slight modification of the method of Loeffler and Ponting (1942). The juices ranged from 0.96 to 50.88 mg per 100 ml. The drinks ranged from 2.12 to 66.10 mg. All the citrus juices ranked high in ascorbic acid content. One drink was fortified with sufficient ascorbic acid to contain considerably more vitamin than was found in pure orange juice.

The ascorbic acid values of different forms of orange drinks and pure orange juices were compared. Except for one brand, …

Effects Of Gamma Radiation In Concurrence With Certain Environmental Conditions On Lethal And Physio-Chemical Responses Of Penicillium Expansum L., Tsong-Wen Chou

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In vitro investigations were conducted to study the lethal effect of gamma radiation on the fruit spoilage fungus Penicillium expansum under certain environmental conditions, and to study some physio-chemical changes in the fungus induced by the radiation which may be related to the death of the fungus or its ability to invade fruits.

The radiation sensitivity of P. expansum conidia was influenced by such factors as nutritional condition of the post-irradiation media, age of the spores, delayed plating, heat treatment, and chemical sensitizers. Higher survival was obtained when irradiated conidia were plated on Czapek solution agar (sugar-salts medium) than on …

Activation Of Prorennin, Nazar A. Shukri

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Purified prorennin appeared to be homogeneous when subjected to chromatography on a Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and to electrophoreses in starch-urea-gel. Crystalline rennin was heterogeneous, and was resolved into six components when analyzed electrophoretically. When crystalline rennin was chromatographed on a column of Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose two distinguishable peaks were observed which corresponded to B- and C-rennin. Unlike crystalline rennin, rennin freshly activated at pH 2.0 or 5.0 was essentially homogeneous.

Rennin resulting from activation at pH 2.0 and 5.0 appeared to be different. Rennin activated at pH 5.0 was eluted faster from Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column, and moved slightly faster in starch-urea-gel electrophoresis, than rennin activated …