Life Sciences Commons^™

Factors Influencing The Performance Of Bromoxynil 4(2,4-Db), Or A Companion Crop For Weed Control In Seedling Alfalfa, Ferrin D. Leavitt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Some of the factors influencing the performance of bromoxynil, 4(2,4-DB), or a companion crop for weed control in seedling alfalfa were studied in the greenhouse and at field locations in Farmington and Logan, Utah. The effect of application rate, stage of growth, temperature, and soil moisture on the phytotoxicity of bromoxynil and 4(2,4-DB) to alfalfa and weeds were studied.

Alfalfa yields were increased by 4(2,4-DB) at all rates and stages of application. All rates and stages of bromoxynil treatment except the one-fourth pound per acre three to four trifoliate application resulted in alfalfa yields below that of the control.

The …

The Morphological, Anatomical, And Histochemical Effects Of Eptc On Oat Seedlings, Jacinta Yu-Rui Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Morphological, anatomical, and histochemical effects of S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) on Avena sativa var. overland were studied after treatment of seeds at various EPTC concentrations.

The oat seed germination percentage was not affected by EPTC treatment. EPTC delayed initial root and coleoptile development at all concentrations used. Two or three days after treatment, however, the roots of seedlings treated with EPTC concentrations lower than 3 ppm grew at the same rate as the untreated seedlings and showed no abnormalities. Primary and adventitious root growth of seedlings treated with 3 ppm and higher was inhibited. Most of the adventitious roots remained in …

The Annual Demography Of A Population Of Antelope Ground Squirrels In Curlew Valley, Utah, James R. Kitts

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The annual demography of a population of antelope ground squirrels in Curlew Valley, Utah was studied by measuring population density, natality, and mortality. Capture- recapture techniques yielded lower estimates than the Hayne strip- census. The estimates suggested 1968 was a year of population decline.

One hundred seventy- three squirrels were collected and autopsied to obtain sex ratio, age structure, natality, and mortality data. The seasonal sex ratios for adult and yearling squirrels showed 82 percent females in spring 1968, this gradually changed to 56 percent by winter. The seasonal sex ratios of the young squirrels showed 59 percent females upon …

An Empirical Analysis Of Demand Interrelationships: An Application To Selected Agricultural Commodities In Venezuela, Hector Luis Mata Brito

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary objective of this study was to develop demand equations at retail for selected Venezuelan food commodities. Commodities included for analysis were rice, refined sugar, crude sugar, flour, potatoes, beef, pork, black beans, corn, and powdered milk.

The basic statistical technique employed in the analysis was least squares multiple regression. Although several mathematical forms for these demand equations were evaluated, a log-log transform was found to be most useful. Independent variables included own price, prices of substitutes and complements, time and income. Observations were taken from Venezuelan time series data over the period 1945-1965.

Development of these basic demand …

An Economic Analysis Of Selected Livestock Enterprises In Relation To The Available Feed Supplies, Utah, 1968, Ronald Jay Woolf

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was made to determine the relative profitability and competitive position of cattle fattening, lamb fattening, and milk production in the state of Utah for 1968.

Production costs of cattle fattening ranged from $22.10 to $32.28 per hundred pounds of gain. Net return amounted to $19.65 per head. Lamb fattening costs ranged from $24.25 to $29.76 per hundred pounds of gain. Net return from lamb feeding operations averaged $2.06 per head. Cost of producing milk amounted to $4.90 per hundredweight while net return amounted to $.61 per hundredweight.

Measure of profitability used in comparison included $100 worth of feed …

Seed Response Under Snow On A Subalpine Range In Central Utah, Alvin T. Bleak

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The response of grass, forb, and shrub seeds to the subalpine environment during the fall and under winter snow and under laboratory conditions at 20/28 C was observed for 3 consecutive years at an elevation of about 3000m on the Wasatch Plateau in central Utah.

Seeds in nylon sleeves were planted under 2 cm of soil before snowfall. Under snow plantings were made directly on the soil surface and under 2 cm of soil. The seeds planted before snowfall were removed each year on four occasions: when under snow plantings were made, after snow depth exceeded 130 cm (deep snow), …

The Public And Private Business Profile Of Cache County, Reed E. Williams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Economic development that increases per capita income and creates additional jobs through expansion of present businesses and/or introduction of new businesses and business income is the goal of planners in Cache, Rich , and Box Elder Counties . To help with this goal a Northern Utah study group was organized to gather data on quality, quantity, and use of human, social, physical, and economic resources. This thesis is part of the main study and only includes Cache County.

Input-output models are effective predicting tools. These tools are used in this analysis . To predict different output changes in the economy, …

Seasonal Utilization Of Sago Pondweed By Waterfowl At Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah, Michael R. Sterling

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Seasonal utilization of sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus L.) by waterfowl was studied at Bear River Miqratory Bird Refuge by comparing amounts of sago production on a series of plots on Unit Four. One plot was available to carp and waterfowl; one only to carp; and one available to neither.

The cage used to eliminate carp and waterfowl use of a plot caused a significant increase in sago production. The increase was attributed to less turbidity and less wind and wave action within the cage.

Carp distribution was limited to deep-water portions of Unit Four, a small area, and …

A Study Of Root Biomass In An Engeimann Spruce-Subalpine Fir Stand In Northern Utah, Larry O. Gadt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Biomass of roots in the top 6 inches of soil profile was measured . This weight was then used in a stepwise multiple regression to test correlations between root biomass and above ground merisurational parameters.

Total biomass of all roots was 9822 ± 2810 pounds per acre oven dry. Spruce roots weighed 4417 ± 997 pounds per acre; of this spruce roots less than 0.125 inch diameter weighed 2023 ± 347 pounds per acre and biomass of spruce roots greater than 0.125 inch diameter was 2394 ± 8S3 pounds per acre. Total fir roots weighed Sl56 ± 2687 pounds per …

The Development Of A Prediction System For The Occurrence Of Law Violations On The Ogden Ranger District, Weber County, Cache National Forest, Utah, John Henry Harris

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary objective of this study was to develop a prediction system for the occurrence of law violations on the Ogden Ranger District, Weber County, Cache National Forest, Utah, whereby the existing manpower and equipment may be used as effectively as possible.

In an attempt to develop the prediction system, 13 variables were chosen that were felt to be related to the occurrence of law violations. These variables consisted on nine weather variables and four use related variables, Of the original 13 variables, 12 variables were significant. The most significant variables that accounted for the greatest portion of the variability …

An Economic Analysis Of Range Improvements On Saddle Creek Allotment And Curlew National Grasslands--With Special Consideration On The Effects Of Improvements On Wildlife Management, Jerry Russell Meyers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Range improvements for livestock were analyzed for the Curlew National Grassland and Saddle Creek Allotment. Increases in aum's which were a result of range improvements were calculated and valued at $4.00 each. Internal rates of return for both study areas were computed with a 15-year project life span for estimated grazing capacity and permitted grazing. Rate of return was then set at 10 percent to calculate project life span for both permitted grazing and estimated grazing capacity for the two areas.

Effects of range improvements for livestock on wildlife habitat were studied. Due to a lack of quantitative data, values …

An Analysis Of The Competitive Position Of Cattle Finishing In Utah And Selected Western States, 1969, Stephen L. Olsen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Utah's cattle feeding industry was described by using both secondary and primary data. The primary data were collected through use of a personal interview survey.

Primary data were also collected in Idaho, while secondary data were used for Arizona, California and Colorado.

Intrastate analysis of feeding costs showed definite cost savings were achieved in all states through economies of size.

Interstate analysis of feeding costs showed Utah's larger capacity feedlots to be very competitive with larger capacity lots in other states.

1968 prices for both slaughter and feeder cattle were computed for each state. Prices in Utah were slightly lower …

The Effects Of Sources And Levels Of Vitamin A And D On Some Aspects Of Sulfur Metabolism, Akbar Malekpour

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two trials were conducted using 48 infant pigs of both sexes. Pigs were taken from the sow when three to seven days old and placed in wire-bottomed metal cages by pairs. Animals in the first trial received synthetic diets containing 100 or 1000 international units of ergocalciferol and 1000 or 4000 international units of retinyl acetate or four or sixteen milligrams of beta carotene per kilogram of feed. Baby pigs in the second trial received the same synthetic diet plus 1000 international units of ergocalciferol (D₂) or cholecalciferol (D₃) and 2000 international units of vitamin A …

Raffinose In The Sugarbeet (Beta Vulgaris): I. Biosynthesis And Degradation In The Root; Ii. Hydrolysis In Molasses With Sweet Almond Emulsin, Te-Chao Chuang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

PART I

The precursors for the biosynthesis of raffinose in sugarbeets were studied.

An enzyme preparation was obtained from the sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) root. Incubation of this enzyme with (X-galactose-1-phosphate, Uridine triphosphate (UTP), Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), and L- cysteine at pH 5, 10°c for 6 hours formed a compound which was identified as raffinose by a hydrolysis method and thin- layer chromatography. The same result was obtained when Uridinediphosphate (UDP)-galactose was incubated with sucrose, ATP , MgCl₂, and L- cysteine in the presence of the beet enzyme preparation. These reactions suggested …

Effects Of Water Hardness On Processed Quality Of Carrots, Sweet Cherries, And Apricots, Jack C. Chiang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Honey Sweet carrots were canned with Ethyienediamine tetracetic acid (CaNa₂EDTA) and Sodium hexametaphosphate (Ha-HMP) at five different water hardness (0 , 20, 40, 80, 160 ppm of calcium and 20 of magnesium) , then stored at temperatures of 70 and 100 F. Evaluations were made at sixty-day i intervals for six months. Firmness and color degradation decreased significantly when water hardness or storage time increased. Under storage at 100 F and 0 hardness of water, the decrease of color and firmness was constantly accelerated.

When hard water (above 80 ppm or below 40 ppm) was used for …

Vocational Agricultural Curriculum Study In Utah County, Loren J. Phillips

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A questionnaire containing 69 curriculum areas for a vocational agricultural program in Utah County, Utah, and a proposed rating scale was mailed to 720 students who had graduated in vocational agriculture from eight high schools; to 14 agricultural teachers, and to 22 secondary school administrators and supervisors from Utah County; and to 28 other agricultural teachers selected at random in the state. Each person was asked to evaluate each curriculum area according to four suggested rating values: no value, has value, recommended, or essential.

The rating from each respondent was tabulated for each curriculum area by total points by numerical …

On The Population Ecology Of Uinta Ground Squirrels, Spencer R. Amend

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A marked population of Spermophilus armatus averaging 529 individuals per year was studied for two and a half seasons on a 22-acre tract in northern Utah. The average date of emergence from hibernation of the first squirrel was 9 April. Mating occurred as soon as animals emerged from hibernation. The average date of appearance of the first litter was 31 May. Emergence sizes of litters were from 5.2 for yearling females to 6.3 for adult females. Few instances of predation were observed. Age and sex ratios varied throughout the season and for different portions of the study area. The population …

Stomach Capacity, Digestion Rate, And 24-Hour Consumption Rate For The Bear Lake Sculpin (Cottus Extensus), Joseph H. Williamson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A curvilinear regression model was used to determine an expected stomach capacity for any size Bear Lake sculpin with a standard length between 4-9.5 centimeters. Stomach contents were then expressed as a percent fullness and the change in percent fullness with time intervals was used to compute an instantaneous digestion rate. The instantaneous consumption rate was computed by the formula C=log P₁ - log P₀ +d, where C = instantaneous consumption rate. The amount of food consumed during a time interval was computed from the formula I_t=C_tS_t, where I_t=amount of …

The Role Of Stomata In Gaseous Fluoride Injury To Plants And Several Enzymatic Changes Associated With That Injury, Bachettira Wthappa Poovaiah

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of fluoride fumigation on water relations and several enzymes of Glycine max and Pelargonium zonale plants were studied.

Glycine Max leaves absorbed 600 parts per million fluoride from an atmosphere of 15 parts per billion fluoride during 96 hours fumigation. Lower, fully expanded leaves were always more severely damaged than the upper younger leaves. In day versus night fumigation experiments, although daytime fumigated plants absorbed less fluoride than continuously fumigated plants, they had two to three times more fluoride than the nighttime fumigated ones and also exhibited more severe damage.

Transpiration of fumigated plants decreased markedly, presumably due …

Survey Of The Matric Potential Of Various Plant Groups, Hussain Ali Al-Saadi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Matric potentials of leaves or photosynthetic stem tissues from sixty species, including hydrophytes, xerophytes, and halophytes, were measured by the pressure membrane apparatus. The matric potentials of different families and other plant groupings were compared; the correlation between matric potentials and other properties, such as estimated drought and salt tolerance, tissue moisture content, and mineral ion composition were also determined.

High matrix potential values and tissue moisture content were measured in species of Chenopodiaceae, considered more salt and drought tolerant than species in other families.

Low matric potential values were found in the coniferous tree leaves, which also have low …

A Rapid Serological Bean Blight Test And Antibiotic Control Measures, Terry Dee Miller

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The detection and identification of bacterial pathogens in bean tissues can be accomplished with relative ease and certainty by utilizing antiserum prepared against specific bean pathogens. This test requires only fifteen minutes to complete, and a minimum amount of equipment. In addition to speed and ease, it eliminates the difficult process of isolating the bacterial pathogens from the many contaminants that will grow in nutrient culture techniques. The advantage of this technique is primarily based on the utilization of the bacterial population already present in the diseased plant tissues.

The effectiveness of this method has been demonstrated by diagnosing beans …

The Development Of The Endogenous Stages Of Eimeria Ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimoff And Rastegaieff, 1930) In Domestic Sheep, Richard S. Wacha

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-five mixed breed lambs, 1 to 4 months of age, were used to study the patent period and endogenous stages in the life cycle of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae. The lambs were inoculated with oocysts of this species and killed at daily intervals from 1 through 14 days after inoculation. From all lambs of the study sections of intestinal tissue were prepared by routine methods for histological examination.

E. ninakohlyakimovaewas observed to have 2 generations of schizonts in its endogenous development. Mature, first-generation schizonts had an average diameter of about 290 μ and had many thousands of merozoites, averaging 11.9 …

Growth Of Eimeria Alabamensis From Cattle In Vitro And The Changes In Fine Structure Associated With Schizogony, J. Robert Sampson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Monolayer primary cultures of cells from bovine embryonic intestine (BEint), kidney (BEK), spleen (BES), and thyroid (BET) and cell line cultures of embryonic bovine trachea ( EBTr) and synovium (BESy)as well as established cell line cultures of Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), human intestine (Int 407), and Syrian hamster kidney (BHK-21) were inoculated with freshly excysted sporozoites of Eimeria alabamensis and observed for 4 days. Sporozoites penetrated all cell types during the first 24 hours in culture. Numerous intracellular sporozoites, trophozoites, and binucleate schizonts were seen in all cell cultures except Int 407. The best development occurred in BES and MDBK …

Drift Of Oligophlebodes Sigma And Baetis Bicaudatus In A Mountain Stream, William Dean Pearson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective of this study was to clarify the relationships between drift rates, population density, production rates, key environmental factors, and movements of adults within two populations of stream insects (a caddisfly--Oligophlebodes sigma and a mayfly--Baetis bicaudatus).

Samples of benthic invertebrates (424 total) were collected every 28 days at four stations on Temple Fork of the Logan River, Utah, from October, 1967 to September, 1969. Samples of drift invertebrates (181 total) were collected every 14 days at three stations on Temple Fork during the same period. During summer months (June-September) a day and a night drift sample …

Effects Of Starvation And Time At Stocking On Survival Of Stocked Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri, Marlin John Bricker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Investigations of effects of starvation and time at stocking on the survival of catchable rainbow trout in two areas of Mammoth Creek in Dixie National Forest, Utah, were conducted from May 24 to December 6, 1969. Fish were starved for 6 days and 1 day and stocked in the morning (5:40-7:00 a.m.) and in the afternoon (1:45-5:30 p.m.). Out of 7,000 tagged fish stocked, 4,751 tags were returned by fishermen. The 6-day starved fish, stocked in the morning returned to the creel in highest numbers (1,240); followed by 1-day starved, afternoon-stocked fish (1,194); 6-day starved, afternoon-stocked fish (1,163); and 1-day …

Evaluation Of Molting Areas Of Great Basin Canada Geese, Paul D. Arneson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Environmental factors at Neponset and Woodruff Narrows reservoirs were evaluated to determine their effects on molting Canada geese. More geese utilized Woodruff Narrows. Geese apparently favored the larger expanse of open water and adequate food supply.

Most of the molting geese were from the Bear River drainage. Some geese came from scattered areas in Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. After molting, the geese flew to migration staging areas in southeastern Idaho before migrating to wintering areas in southern California and Arizona.

Females outnumbered males by 6 percent. The mean annual mortality rate for adult geese was 42 percent. Recovery rates …

Amprolium For Control Of Experimental Coccidiosis In Six- And Twelve-Month-Old Calves, William R. Jolley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One hundred Hereford calves were used in 2 experiments, with each experiment lasting approximately 3 months. In the first experiment, 40 yearling heifers were each inoculated with approximately 50,000 E. bovis oocysts daily for 10 days (500,000 oocysts, mixed with water, were poured over the morning dry feed allotment for each pen of 10 animals). Amprolium was given in the feed at 25 mg/kg of body weight daily for 30 days to 20 of the calves; the remaining 20 were not treated. Treatment was started one day before inoculation. The untreated calves had some diarrhea, discharged moderate numbers of oocysts …

Nutritive Values Of Russian Wildrye, Crested Wheatgrass, And Intermediate Wheatgrass Grazed By Cattle On Utah Foothill Ranges, George W. Mitchell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A comparative index to digestible nutrients was established for Russian wildrye, crested wheatgrass, and intermediate wheatgrass seeded on foothill areas of Utah. The nutritive values of these grasses were compared by the lignin ratio method, the chlorophyllan ratio method, and the in vivo rumen bag process.

Average digestion coefficients computed by the lignin ratio method for dry matter, ether extract, cellulose, and gross energy were highest for intermediate wheatgrass. Protein was more digestible for Russian wildrye. Digestible energy was adequate in all species to meet requirements for late lactation.

Results from the chlorophyllan ratio method were excessively high and were …

The Effect Of Cattle, Sheep, And Other Factors On Aspen (Populus Tremuloides) Reproduction After Clear-Cut Logging In Southern Utah, Paul A. Lucas

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Aspen is the most widespread deciduous tree of the western United States and the aspen type is important for water, forage, and wood products. Aspen reproduction on cutover areas was thought to be hindered by browsing and other factors, therefore a study was conducted to determine the effects of livestock, pocket gophers, disease, and snowpack damage on aspen reproduction during the first three years after clear-cutting. An enclosure was constructed and divided into nine paddocks. Controlled grazing by cattle and sheep was applied to six different paddocks during three summer periods. Three paddocks were protected from grazing. Results show that …

An Epidemiological Survey Of Avian Tuberculosis In Livestock, Poultry, And Wild Birds In Rich County, Utah, Royal Thair Carver

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was conducted in Rich County, Utah to determine the extent of avian tuberculosis in livestock, poultry and wild birds. Sensitivity was elicited in cattle, swine and chickens by tuberculin testing.

The Mycobacterium avium organism was obtained from tissues and specimens of cattle, swine, goats, chickens, magpies and sparrows.

Methods of eradication of avian tuberculosis and the relationship of avian tuberculosis to mammalian tuberculosis are discussed.