Life Sciences Commons^™

Large Bale Transporter For Small Tractors, Larry G. Wells

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Upward Water Movement In Field Cores, Larry G. Wells, R. W. Skaggs

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Lime And Fertilizer Recommendations For Reclamation Of Surface-Mined Spoils, Richard I. Barnheisel

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Recommendations contained in this publication are based on spoil tests values from testing methods used in the Central laboratories operated under supervision of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. Spoil test values obtained by other methods should not be used when making recommendations using this publication.

Recommended fertilizer rates have been made on rather limited data and they are to be considered as the best available and may be revised without notice. These fertilizer rates are based on assumed "average" climatic conditions and for "average" spoils. Rates should be adjusted upward or downward to reflect deviations from these "average" conditions. These …

Influence Of Time Of Application Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Corn Yields, Harold F. Miller, Kenneth Wells, Morris J. Bitzer, G. W. Thomas, R. E. Phillips

Agronomy Notes

Soil moisture conditions can have a large effect on crop responses to nitrogen fertilization. Kentucky's usual climatic pattern of periods of heavy rainfall and relatively warm temperatures during the winter and spring seasons influences expected yield responses of corn to applied nitrogen. If nitrogen fertilizer is applied in late winter or early spring, some of it may be lost before the plants have made sufficient growth to take up appreciable quantities. The amount of loss that might be expected will be influenced by the amount of rainfall, temperature, amount of organic matter and drainage of the soil.

Effect Of Topdressing Different Forms Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Corn, Doyle Peaslee, Morris J. Bitzer, Harold F. Miller

Agronomy Notes

Nitrate nitrogen is the dominant form of plant-available nitrogen in soils, since even ammonium nitrogen is rapidly converted to nitrate nitrogen under Kentucky field conditions. Nitrogen in the nitrate form can be lost by leaching in the drainage water and by denitrification when the soil is saturated with water for a relatively short period of time. With the increased cost and short supply of nitrogen fertilizers, it is especially important that applications be made at a time and in a way that will minimize losses.

Effect Of Heated Air Drying On Soybean Oil Quality, Douglas G. Overhults, G. M. White, H. E. Hamilton, I. J. Ross, J. D. Fox

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Naturally Occurring Algicides Produced By Freshwater Algae, Denny O. Harris, Harry D. Caldwell

KWRRI Research Reports

The mode of action of the algicide produced by Pandorina morum was examined by exposing Volvox globator and isolates spinach chloroplasts to a partially purified algicide preparation. Oxygen evolution of Volvox, whole chloroplasts and broken chloroplasts (minus the Calvin cycle),was reduced indicating that the algicide inhibits the light reactions of photosynthesis. Oxygen evolution studies of other Volvocaceae confirmed the observation that Pandorina morum is not significantly influenced by its own inhibitor. Molecular weight approximation by gel filtration established that the inhibitor has a low molecular weight (probably below 100 mw). Field studies indicate that this algicide has tremendous potential as …

1974 Preliminary Report Of Kentucky Small Grain Variety Trials At Bowling Green And Lexington, Charles Tutt, Morris J. Bitzer, Verne C. Finkner

Agronomy Notes

Each year the small grain variety trials are conducted at Princeton, Murray, Bowling Green and Lexington. In 1974, the plots at Princeton and Murray were severely infected with a complex of diseases including Barley Yellow Dwarf, Septoria glume blotch, wheat scab and an unidentified disease in the wheat. As a result of the intensity of these diseases, the data obtained from these plots was very erratic and the results were not considered to be experimentally valid. The data obtained at Bowling Green and Lexington were quite valid and representative of the general situation in Kentucky.

Metabolic Capabilities Of Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria And Their Role In Water Pollution, M. I. H. Aleem

KWRRI Research Reports

This report describes investigations into the physiology of microorganisms that are commonly involved in the oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds. The metabolic activities of these bacteria play a potent role in several fields of economic importance such as strip mining operations, water pollution, corrosion, metallurgy, petroleum technology and soil fertility processes.

The oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds was studied in the chemolithotrophs Thiobacillus denitrificans, Thiobacillus A₂, Thiobacillus neapolitanus, and a photolithotroph Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Cell suspensions from all of the thiobacilli catalyzed completely the oxidation of sulfide, thiosulfate, and sulfite to sulfate. The oxidation of thiosulfate in R. palustris …

Seasonal Changes In Water Quality And Primary Productivity In Doe Valley Lake, Edmond J. Bacon, Stuart E. Neff

KWRRI Research Reports

Primary productivity and water quality were studied in Doe Valley Lake, a 147-hectare impoundment on Doe Run, a spring-fed stream in Meade County, Kentucky, from 13 June 1969 to 31 July 1972. Doe Valley Lake is monomictic during most winter seasons, but it is dimictic during more severe winters because of its morphometry and location on the borderline climatic region for dimictic lakes (37° N latitude). Oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion is severe, and anaerobic conditions usually prevail by late June. A hypolimnetic areal deficit of 0.038 mg/cm²/day was calculated. Supersaturation of oxygen in the epilimnion was common, …

Development Of Prediction Relationships For Water Requirements With Irrigation Cooling, Billy J. Barfield, John N. Walker, F. A. Payne

KWRRI Research Reports

A model for predicting leaf temperatures during an off-on mist cycle is presented. The model uses a combination of energy budget and aerodynamic techniques. The model was tested for dry leaf temperature and evapotranspiration predictions using average hourly data from Arizona. The accuracy was good. It was also tested for dry leaf temperature predictions using two to three minute data with a widely varying net radiation. When reasonable values of stomatal resistance were used, the agreement was again good.

The model was tested for prediction of wet leaf temperature prediction with a ten minute on, fifty minute off mist irrigation …

Soybean Seed Quality Survey, Dennis M. Tekrony

Agronomy Notes

During the past four years soybean acreage has nearly tripled in Kentucky to 1.1 million acres in 1973. Even though the total acreage has increased substantially, the average yield per acre has declined slightly during the same period to 28 bushels per acre in 1973. Why this low statewide average yield when we know that some Kentucky farmers consistently produce yields of over 40 bushels per acre? Many factors can contribute to this problem including; improper use of herbicides and pesticides, inadequate soil fertility, non-adapted varieties, low quality planting seed, and timely management of all production practices. The objective of …

A Study Of Water-Soluble Inhibitory Compounds (Algicides) Produced By Fresh-Water Algae, Denny O. Harris, Manhar C. Parekh

KWRRI Research Reports

A complex system of growth inhibitors was observed in the green algae (Volvocaceae). Inhibitors were found in the culture filtrates of some genera which limit their own growth (autoinhibitors) while others in the family produce substances which check the growth of other genera (heteroinhibitors). These inhibitors were destroyed by autoclaving. It was decided that Pandorina morum, which produced the strongest inhibitor and Volvox tertius, the most sensitive to the inhibitor would make an excellent model system for a study of the chemical and physical properties of these naturally occurring algicides. The algicide could be removed from actively growing cultures about …

A Detailed Investigation Of The Sociological, Economic, And Ecological Aspects Of Proposed Reservoir Sites In The Salt River Basin Of Kentucky, Stuart E. Neff, Louis A. Krumholz, John R. Baker, Daryl E. Jennings, Andrew C. Miller, Jerry S. Parsons, Vincent H. Resh, David S. White

KWRRI Research Reports

Samples of water, bottom fauna, and fishes were collected from 66 stations in the Salt River and one of its principal tributaries, the Beech Fork and its tributary, the Chaplin River, Kentucky. Precipitation ranged from 38.86 inches (1969) to 58.04 inches (1970), an increase of nearly 50 percent with marked fluctuations in discharge. Intensive comparisons of phosphates, sulfates, specific conductance, total alkalinity, total hardness, and turbidity showed the streams to be relatively clean and healthy. Nearly 300 different kinds of benthic organisms and other macroinvertebrates have been collected and identified from the basin. Detailed studies of caddisflies and stream drift …

1973 Preliminary Report Of Kentucky Small Grain Field Trials At Princeton, Murray, Bowling Green And Lexington, Charles R. Tutt, Morris J. Bitzer, Verne C. Finkner

Agronomy Notes

No abstract provided.

Enzyme And Tissue Alterations In Fishes: A Measure Of Water Quality, David E. Hinton, M. W. Kendall, J. C. Koenig

KWRRI Research Reports

A variety of freshwater fishes were studied by light and electron microscopy, enzyme histochemical and biochemical methods, The objective was to determine normal structure and function in specific target organs and to compare these to altered states in aquatic pollution. The basic question, "can fish tissues and enzymes serve as indicators of water quality?," was asked. Microscopic alteration in gill was indicative of copper toxicity at an exposure of 20 parts per billion, Gross and light microscopic alterations were indicative of a single exposure of channel catfish to 15 parts per million of methyl mercuric chloride (CH₃HgCl). Microscopic …

The Influence Of Soil Temperature On Soybean Seed Emergence, Dennis B. Egli, J. L. Hatfield, J. Hill, Dennis M. Tekrony

Agronomy Notes

The best way to obtain adequate soybean stands is to plant high quality seed in an optimum soil environment. But this year many farmers may not be able to obtain enough high quality soybean seed and some acreage may be planted with seed of lower than normal quality. Thus it will be even more important to have an optimum soil environment.

Grain Sorghum Performance Tests-1972, James H. Herbek, Morris J. Bitzer

Agronomy Notes

Grain sorghum performance tests provide estimates of the relative performance of grain sorghum hybrids in Kentucky. These estimates, hopefully, will aid growers in their selection of a hybrid. The choice of the best grain sorghum hybrid for a given set of crop management conditions and environmental variables is an important step to profitable grain sorghum production. Hybrids should be selected that are well adapted to a given area and have records of high performance.

Grain sorghum performance tests were conducted at three locations in Kentucky in 1972. This report presents the yield and other agronomic data obtained at these locations.

Sensitivity Of Vertebrate Embryos To Heavy Metals As A Criterion Of Water Quality, Wesley J. Birge, John J. Just

KWRRI Research Reports

Embryonic and/or larval stages of the leopard frog (Rana pipiens), domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) and the goldfish (Carassiua auratus) were treated with cadmium chloride, mercuric chloride, lead chloride, zinc chloride and sodium arsenite. The principal objectives were (1) to determine the sensitivity of vertebrate embryos to certain metals which are of consequence in water pollution, and (2) to ascertain the suitalility of vertebrate embryos as bioassay organisms for monitoring metallic pollutants within water resources. Vertebrate embryos are found to be highly sensitive to the toxic effects of all the metals studied. Concentrations of mercury as low as 10 ppb, with …

Drying Soybeans With Heated Air, Douglas G. Overhults, G. M. White, H. E. Hamilton, I. J. Ross

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Ammonium Nitrate And Urea As Nitrogen Source For Topdressing Established Grass Sods, Grant Thomas, Harold F. Miller

Agronomy Notes

When urea is broadcast and not worked into the soil there is a risk of some of the nitrogen being lost to the atmosphere as ammonia. In an effort to measure the effectiveness of urea compared to ammonium nitrate as sources of nitrogen for topdressing on established grass sod, an experiment comparing these two sources at rates to supply 0, 50, 100 and 150 pounds of nitrogen per acre was conducted in 1971.

A Perspective On Economic Impact, L. Douglas James, Donald M. Soule, William O. Thompson, John L. Fulmer, John C. Redman, Robert C. Tussey, John M. Higgins, Claude M. Vaughan, David H. Rosenbaum, Billy R. Prebble, Charles O. Dowell, John E. Sirles, Michael B. Hargrove, Clyde T. Bates, Kenneth G. Holbrook, Dennis H. Bianchi, John P. Breaden, Kenneth R. Harman

KWRRI Research Reports

The institutions responsible for water resources management in the United States have originated as political responses to major social issues. Each agency institutionalized a procedure for structuring and comparing alternatives in the formulation of its total program. Each agency originally sought to promote effective resolution of its social issue (flood control, development of arid lands, soil erosion, etc.), but more recent efforts have sought better coordination among agency practices through a common procedure largely derived from economic theory. Any procedure, however, varies in application with the interpretation and judgment of individual planners. Today, public pressures have brought political directives requiring …

Induced Changes In The Rates Of Uridine-3H Uptake And Incorporation During The G1 And S Periods Of Synchronized Chinese Hamster Cells, Peter J. Stambrook, Jesse E. Sisken

Biology Faculty Publications

The rates of uridine-5-³H incorporation into RNA and the rates of uridine uptake into the acid-soluble pool during the cell cycle of V79 Chinese hamster cells were examined. Cells cultured on Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with fetal calf serum, lactalbumin hydrolysate, glutamine, and trypsin displayed rates of incorporation and uptake which increased only slightly during G₁ and accelerated sharply as DNA synthesis commenced. In contrast, cells cultured on minimal essential medium supplemented only with calf serum exhibited rates of incorporation and uptake which increased linearly through both G₁ and S. The transition from one pattern …

Tall Fescue Seed Production In Kentucky, Dennis M. Tekrony, C. J. Kaiser, Warren C. Thompson, Robert C. Buckner

Agronomy Notes

Producing tall fescue seed has traditionally been a profitable venture for many Kentucky farmers. It can still provide additional income if: (1) it is properly managed and fertilized and (2) it is integrated into a total farming program which in most cases includes livestock.

Grian Sorghum Performance Tests - 1971, James H. Herbek, Morris J. Bitzer

Agronomy Notes

Grain sorghum varieties were evaluated at four locations (Carlisle, Daviess, Hopkins, and Todd Counties) in Kentucky in 1971.

Some Observations And Comments On Birdsfoot Trefoil, Roy E. Sigafus, W. C. Templeton Jr., T. H. Taylor, J. W. Wyles

Agronomy Notes

Farmer's Bulletin No. 2191, TREFOIL PRODUCTION FOR PASTURE AND HAY, was released by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in July, 1967. This publication noted that acreages of trefoil in the U.S. increased from 770,000 in 1957 to over 2 million acres in 1967. This bulletin is an excellent guide to kinds of trefoils, to the different varieties available, and to general production practices in obtaining stands and in managing this legume. It is stated in the bulletin that birdsfoot trefoil is not recommended south of a line drawn from the Nebraska-Kansas border to the east coast, except at higher elevations. …

Degradation Of Riparian Leaves And The Recycling Of Nutrients In A Stream Ecosystem, Louis A. Krumholz, Roger G. Lambert, Charles R. Liston, Harry H. Woodward

KWRRI Research Reports

Leaves collected at 4 stations in the upper 5 km of Doe Run, Meade County, Kentucky, indicated an annual accumulation within the stream of 354 g/m²/year (17,700 kg). Leaves of sycamore (23.6%), red oak (21.7%), sugar maple (9.7%), beech (9.6%), white oak (7.1%), and hickory (6.0%) trees were most abundant, and leaves from 14 other kinds made up the remaining 22.3%. About a third of the annual leaf fall occurred during the last half of October and about two-thirds in the last 3 months of the year.

Calorific equivalents for different kinds of leaves ranged from 3,789 cal/g …

Factors Regulating The Growth Of Algae In Continuous Culture In Diluted Secondary Sewage Treatment Plant Effluent And Subsequent Biodegradability, Edward G. Foree, Caroline P. Wade

KWRRI Research Reports

Heterogeneous algal cultures were grown in laboratory continuous culture in continuous flow, completely mixed chemostats in secondary sewage treatment plant effluent diluted to give an ammonia nitrogen concentration of 10 mg/1. Variables were lighting, pH, carbon dioxide availability, and hydraulic residence time.

Optimum growth occurred under pH 7.0, excess CO₂, and continuous lighting conditions. The availability of artificially supplied excess CO₂ greatly increased the mass (standing crop) at steady-state over that produced under otherwise identical conditions for all residence times studied. For the case of excess CO₂ availability, the nitrogen concentration in the algal cells regulated …

Preliminary Report, Soybean Performance Tests - 1971, Dennis B. Egli

Agronomy Notes

The data presented below represent the preliminary results of the 1971 Soybean Performance Tests. A more complete version of the data, including data from previous years, will be published at a later date in "Results of the Kentucky Soybean Performance Tests - 1971."

A Preliminary Ecological Study Of Areas To Be Impounded In The Salt River Basin Of Kentucky, Louis A. Krumholz, Stuart E. Neff, Edmond J. Bacon, Jerry S. Parsons, John D. Woodling

KWRRI Research Reports

This report includes work that is an extension of Project No. B-005-KY as reported in Research Report No. 43 of the University of Kentucky Water Resources Institute. That project was initiated in April 1968 as Project No. A-019-KY with principal emphasis on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the main stem of the Salt River upstream from the proposed damsite for Taylorsville Lake, an impoundment of about 3, 600 acres at seasonal pool. The report includes descriptions of an additional 13 stations along the stream, bringing to 38 the number of permanent collecting sites.

Values for dissolved oxygen ranged from …