Life Sciences Commons^™

Do Soil Amendments Improve Crop Production And Poor Water Infiltration?, Matt Yost, Megan Baker, Tejinder Singh, Grant Cardon

All Current Publications

Soil amendments are widely promoted as tools to improve aggregation, porosity, water holding capacity, nutrient availability, and water infiltration of soils. These benefits are possible, but they depend on the specific soil problem being treated, amendment type and rate, soil chemistry, soil texture and structure, and the time since application. Studies at Utah State University provide a useful short-term test of what growers can reasonably expect from a single surface application of these amendments.

Combined Effects Of Postdistillation Residue Blends From Medicinal Plants On In Vitro Ruminal Microorganisms, Enzymes, Nitrogen And Energy Efficiency, And Antioxidant Status, Mojtaba Akbari Shooshood, Javad Rezaei, Mahdi Ayyari, Yousef Rouzbehan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the combined effects of postdistillation residue blends, including pomace, wastewater, and their mixture, derived from rosemary (RO), fennel (FE), spearmint (SP), and rose (ROS), on in vitro microbial populations, enzymatic activities, fermentation, and antioxidant status were evaluated using the gas production technique. The three phytobiotic blends were MP (mixed pomace of RO, FE, SP, and ROS; 1:1:1:1 ratio), MW (mixed wastewater of RO, FE, SP, and ROS; 1:1:1:1 ratio), and MPW (mixed pomace–wastewater of MP and MW; 1:1 ratio). Each blend was used at 2% and 3% of diet dry matter (DM). The experimental diets were as …

Ethylcyanoacrylate Adhesive And Microperforated Polyethylene Tape For The Cutaneous Closure Of Bitches Following Unilateral Total Mastectomy, Leonardo Martins Leal, Fábio Rodrigo Castro Bastos, Joseneia Boeing, Gabriel Aguiar Pavilak, Isaac Romani, Tais Harumi De Castro Sasahara, Paola Castro Moraes

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The use of ethylcyanoacrylate (Super Bonder®) adhesive and microperforated polyethylene tape (Transpore) for the cutaneous closure of extensive wounds following unilateral mastectomy was evaluated, and the healing process was clinically assessed. Included in the study were 15 bitches diagnosed with mammary neoplasia, aged 4–14 years and weighing 3–33 kg. All bitches underwent a 30–60 cm craniocaudal cutaneous incision through the skin in the ventral thoracoabdominal region. Following excision of the tumor and the entire mammary chain, the adjacent tissues were approximated with polyglecaprone 25 sutures. Skin-edge coaptation was achieved through the application of adhesive to half of each wound, while …

Investigation Of Feed Values With In Vitro Technique And Chemical Properties, Particle Size Of Total Mixed Rations Prepared In Commercial Dairy Farms, Özlem Karcioğlu, Betül Zehra Sariçi̇çek

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical and physical properties and feed values of total mixed rations used on dairy cattle farms in Ankara Province. Included in the study were three farms from each of the five districts of Ankara Province (atotal of 15 commercial dairy farms). Total mixed ration (TMR) samples were collected weekly from each farm over a 3-month period in 2025. The chemical composition (crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL)), in vitro digestibility parameters (in vitro gas production (IVGP), methane production (MP), organic …

Optimizing Marination Methodology, Holding Temperature, And Holding Time To Upgrade The Physicochemical And Sensorial Attributes Of Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica) Breast Fillets, Naveen Uduwawithana, Ruvini Mutucumarana

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim was to optimize the effect of meat marination method (unmarinated, tumbling, injection, and immersion), holding temperature (4 oC and 8 oC), and holding time (4 h, 8 h, and 12 h) on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) breast fillets. Ninety-six deboned breast fillets (mean weight ± SD; 10 g ± 2) from 42-day-old unsexed Japanese quails were marinated. Injection marination showed the highest uptake (p < 0.05). The method × temperature × time interaction (p < 0.05) was significant for cooking yield, meat pH, hardness, cooking loss, and surface color lightness (L*). The highest pH (p < 0.05) was reported when the unmarinated control was retained for 8 h. Tumbling marinated meat when held for 12 h at 8 oC yielded the maximum cooking yield (60.3%). The cooking loss was minimal in unmarinated, tumbled, and immersion-marinated meat when held for 12 h. Irrespective of the temperature, 4-h holding time caused the minimum meat hardness in all four treatments. Tumble-marinated meat when held for 12 h at 8 oC resulted in the minimum cooking loss, hardness, and lightness (L*), as well as the maximum cooking yield. Meat when held at 4 oC for 4 h following injection marination had the highest scores for color, aroma, marinade penetration, flavor, and overall acceptability. In conclusion, quail breast fillets when tumble-marinated and held at 8 oC for 12 h were the best in terms of overall meat quality. Quail breast fillets held for 4 h at 4 oC following injection marination were rated highest by the panelists.

Analytical Biochemistry: A Practical Handbook For Undergraduates, Mark C. Hall

Purdue University Press Books

Methods for characterizing proteins are central to the early stages of drug development and are highly relevant to careers in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. These skills are best learned through hands-on practice in academic laboratory settings. Analytical Biochemistry: A Practical Handbook for Undergraduates presents a laboratory course specifically designed to teach protein analytical techniques to postsecondary students in biochemistry and related fields. Readers are guided through a semester-long research project that mirrors how scientific work is conducted in both academic and industry environments. Instead of focusing on isolated weekly exercises, students work toward a single overarching goal and learn …

Floras, Manuals, & Checklists Of The Vascular Plants Of North America: A Bibliography, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Apoptosis In Peripheral Blood And Milk Immune Cells During Lactation In Dairy Cows With Subclinical Mastitis, Mykola Mykolayovich Zhelavskyi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The lactation cycle is considered one of the most physiologically demanding periods in dairy cows and is accompanied by substantial immunological remodeling. In the present study, spontaneous apoptosis of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils was evaluated in clinically healthy Ukrainian Black and White dairy cows (n = 28, aged 3–5 years) during different stages of the lactation cycle: colostrum period (3–5 days), mid‑lactation (90–150 days), drying‑off (5–7 days), and dry period (12–20 days). A further group of 28 cows with subclinical mastitis confirmed by the California Mastitis Test was also included in the study. Peripheral blood and milk samples were collected …

Changes In Mohair Cortisol Concentration And Fiber Growth During Gestation In Angora Goats, Beyzanur Aköz, Erkan Pehli̇van

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis plays a central role in regulating long-term stress responses. Keratin-based matrices represent a noninvasive approach for assessing long-term HPA axis activity in farm animals. The present study investigates gestational changes in mohair cortisol concentration and mohair fiber length in Angora goats under routine farm conditions. Clinically healthy does (n = 29; 14 aged 1.5 years and 15 aged 2.5 years) were monitored during the breeding season, and pregnancy was confirmed in 16 does. Mohair samples were collected monthly, fiber length was measured, and cortisol concentrations were quantified using an ELISA. Mohair cortisol concentrations were not significantly …

Carbamate Toxicosis In Carnaby’S Cockatoos (Zanda Latirostris) In A Drying Climate, A Le Souef, Z M. Kissane, David Forshaw, K J. Riley, K Payne, T Hawkins, J Coggins, J M. Shephard, R Vaughn-Higgins, K S. Warren

Climate Science Research Articles

Pesticide exposure poses a growing threat to the health of wild avian populations worldwide. This report documents the first detections of agricultural chemicals in the tissues of wild Carnaby’s cockatoos (Zanda latirostris) in Western Australia. The events, characterised by morbidity and mortality, occurred in a national park near Perth, following periods of elevated summer temperatures over two seasons. Toxicological analysis of liver and digestive tract contents identified multiple pesticides and an herbicide, including methomyl, a highly toxic carbamate insecticide. Hot weather conditions preceding the events potentially increased the cockatoos’ use of alternative water sources for drinking, such as those in …

Restructuring Our Agriculture Industry To Reduce The Eutrophication Of The Great Lakes, Kathryn B. Dunn

Tredway Library Prize for First-Year Research

No abstract provided.

Supporting The Adoption Of Digital Technology On-Farm: Ten Tips For Extension, David Rose, Kayleigh Crouch, Lisa Blix Germundsson, Myriam Gaspard, Onno Giller, Livia Ortolani, Robert Strong

Journal of Extension

We held a symposium to exchange lessons from U.S. and European experts on how Extension can be best designed to support adoption of digital agricultural innovation. We highlight 10 tips for an Extension audience in the United States: (a) ensure connectivity between all actors involved in agricultural innovation, (b) utilize the private sector, (c) advocate for adoption costs, (d) shape an enabling digital ecosystem, (e) create a service, not just a technology, (f) update Extension agents' digital skills, (g) support farmer-led innovation, (h) capture everyday farmer practices, (i) monitor and evaluate progress, and (j) offer long-term support.

Valuation Methods And Their Relevance In Achieving Marine Protected Areas Targets: A Systematic Review, Jacob Ankamah, Stephen Hynes, Daragh O'Leary

Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics

The prolific human-induced pressures on marine ecosystems leading to negative externalities such as beach erosion, biodiversity loss, and climate change are matters of global concern. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have emerged as a tool to conserve marine biodiversity and support human livelihoods. This paper reviews the global research landscape, the evolution of concepts and the relevance of valuation techniques related to the assessment of the contribution of MPAs to societal welfare. The review indicates that less than 3% of the wider MPA literature explores the economic valuation of MPA designation. Of those, there is an obvious preference for non-market-based methods …

Effects Of A 12-Week Tai Chi And Qigong Training Program On Neuromuscular Function And Postural Stability In Elderly Men With Sarcopenia, Muthanna Harith Ekrayyem, Ali Fawzi Ahmed, Saif Rasheed Ghanim

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Sarcopenia is associated with progressive declines in neuromuscular function, balance, and increased systemic inflammation in older adults. This study investigated the effects of a 12-week Tai Chi and Qigong training program in elderly Iraqi men with sarcopenia. Materials and Methods: Thirty men aged 60–65 years with sarcopenia were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). Neuromuscular performance, postural stability, gait speed, electromyographic amplitude, IGF-1, and CRP-hs were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvements in reaction time, electromyographic amplitude, postural stability, gait …

Glycitin Primes Retinal Pigment Epithelium Resilience To High-Glucose Injury Via The Pi3k/Akt Pathway, Shwu-Jiuan Sheu, Yi-Hsiung Lin, Ching-Yu Lin, Chen-Xi He, Chia-Yang Li, Shun-Yuan Tu, Yi-Ching Tsai, Kai-Chun Cheng, Chien-Chih Chiu, Chun-Lin Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss, which is driven in part by oxidative stress-induced dysfunction of ocular tissues. We previously showed that high glucose conditions trigger senescence pathways and damage the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Here, we identify glycitin, a natural isoflavone, as a candidate cytoprotectant and define its mechanism of action in high glucose-exposed ARPE-19 cells. Using RNA-seq followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we mapped glycitin-responsive programs and validated key nodes experimentally. Glycitin partially restored cell proliferation, suppressed oxidative stress, and reversed high glucose-induced premature senescence, primarily through modulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings …

Creative Conversations: The Un-Meeting As An Approach To Agricultural Extension Communication, Jessica R. Spence, Eric K. Kaufman, Megan M. Seibel, Jean A. Parrella, Crystal Tyler-Mackey, Benjamin B. Grove, Bolane Adebayo, Olamide Olowoyo, Sonika Poudel, Stephanie Zhu, Michael Gutter

Journal of Extension

The agricultural industry increasingly faces complex challenges that require diverse stakeholder input, and traditional meeting approaches often limit engagement and perpetuate top-down dynamics that can inhibit effective problem-solving. This article explores the ``un-meeting'' format as an alternative, highlighting its ability to foster inclusive, participant-driven discussions that encourage collaborative brainstorming and actionable outcomes. Based on our experience with a statewide agriculture summit, we discuss the principles underlying un-meetings, the facilitation process, and the practical implications for Extension professionals. Recommendations include the importance of knowledgeable facilitators, a large team for effective management, and limiting session cycles to maintain focus and depth in …

The Weed Flora Of California: A Checklist, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Building Appreciation For Natural History Collections From Biological Collection Data., Jamie Jensen, Seth Bybee

ScholarsArchive Data

These data represent the pre- and post-survey responses by students in an undergraduate, non-majors biology course given before and after a unit on Natural History Collections. We administered the Revised New Ecological Paradigm (R-NEP; Dunlap et al., 2000) survey which measures pro-environmental attitudes using 15 Likert-scale items.

Vascular Plants With Medicinal Properties, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

A Sneak Peek Into Prehistory: Curating An Interactive Fossil Display To Spark Interest In The Ua Little Rock Natural History Museum, Syd Joheim, Rene Shroat-Lewis

Research and Creative Works Expo

Arkansas does not currently have a dedicated natural history museum, creating a unique opportunity for UA Little Rock following the recent donation of an expansive fossil collection. In response, the university established a natural history museum initiative intended to benefit both the campus community and the broader public across Arkansas. This initiative provides accessible resources for learning about natural science, evolution, and the state’s prehistoric past, areas that are often underrepresented in informal science education. It also serves as a platform for outreach, student engagement, and undergraduate research, strengthening UA Little Rock’s role in science education, workforce development, and community …

Molecular Prevalence And Determinants Of Adenovirus And Norovirus Among Diarrhoeic Children In Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria, Mutiat Busayo Odebisi-Omokanye, Suleiman Muhammed Mustapha, Mariam Kehinde Sulaiman, Augustine Okechukwu Udeze, Abdulbasit Bolaji Ajibade

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Viral gastroenteritis remains a major public health concern and a leading cause of morbidity among children under five worldwide. Adenovirus (Adv) and Norovirus (Nv) are important etiological agents, yet data on their prevalence and determinants in North-central Nigeria are limited. A cross-sectional study involving 100 children under 5 years with acute diarrhoea was conducted at the Children’s Specialist Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State between February to December, 2024. Virus detection was performed using qPCR, while a semi-structured questionnaire collected sociodemographic and environmental data. Associations were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. Adenovirus prevalence was high (71%), while Norovirus GI …

Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Diabetic Foot Ulcer Microbiomes: Molecular Mechanisms And Clinical Management Strategies, Fitra Adi Prayogo

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) affect 19-34% of diabetic patients lifetime, representing a major global health burden with over 18 million cases annually. The polymicrobial nature of DFU infections, combined with emerging antibiotic resistance genes, poses unprecedented clinical management challenges. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence reaches 84% and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae exceeds 50% in some regions, creating urgent therapeutic concerns.

Objective(s): This comprehensive review examines current understanding of microbial communities in diabetic foot ulcers and their associated resistome, analyzing molecular mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance and clinical implications to identify evidence-based management strategies.

Methods: A narrative review approach was …

Association Of Vegf Gene Polymorphisms And Breast Cancer Susceptibility: An Updated Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis, Dr.Santhosh Kumar Y, Sushma Sree Kintali, Vignesh N

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Breast cancer is among the most common malignancies in women worldwide with genetic predispositions and environmental factors and identified low-penetrance genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 with implications in breast cancer susceptibility. Vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms of VEGF coding for VEGF protein that plays an important part in carcinogenesis through angiogenesis required for tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. There are five polymorphisms associated with the VEGF gene; 936 C > T, 2578 C > A, 634 G > C, 460 T > C, and 405 C > G which have been linked to altered risks in cancer. Despite inconsistency in many results ascribed to …

The Economics Of Calving Interval, David Secrist

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides information on cow reproductive efficiency to increase ranch profitability. It discusses monitoring the herd, heifers, mature cows, and calf prices.

Multiple Insights Into Affective Sentience, Jon Mallatt, Todd E. Feinberg

Animal Sentience

We discuss some of the many valuable insights into affective sentience from Birch’s The Edge of Sentience, such as its eight criteria for determining which entities have sentience (e.g., emotions) and its insights into the difficulty of testing whether an Artificial Intelligence system has attained sentience. We add our own perspectives on why the eight criteria are valid, on the difficulty of using behavioral trade-offs to determine whether an animal has sentience, and why evolutionary theory says consciousness is not an epiphenomenon.

Alternative Weed Control Options For Transplanted Onions In Minnesota, Charlie Rohwer, Jesen Hosch

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

A major challenge in onion production is weed control. In an effort to reduce pesticide use in bare-ground transplanted onions, we tested combinations of herbicides, flame weeding, and compost application at transplant. The municipal compost used at 2-inch depth reduced onion survival without reducing weed biomass at the end of the season. A single flame weeding pass mid-season did not reduce onion survival but did reduce total weed biomass in some treatments. Mid-season flame weeding may be a useful tool in combination with fewer herbicide applications or in multiple-flame-pass scenarios for transplanted onions.

Appraising The Monetary Value Of Trees, Miles Becker, Mark Malmstrom

All Current Publications

Trees have economic value like other property items. Permanently rooted in the ground, trees are considered real property, just as a house on a fixed foundation is real property. Damage or loss of a tree incurs a loss in value to its owner, who may be legally entitled to monetary compensation. This fact sheet discusses tree appraisals by a qualified professional to determine the cost to repair or replace a tree.

Bioactive Potential Of Microbial Isolates From Yoluja Cave And Jepirramüin Rock Shelter, Cabo De La Vela (Colombia), Juan Sebastián López Caro, Virginia Patricia Roa Angulo, Alex Alberto González Vargas

International Journal of Speleology

Subterranean environments harbor diverse microbial communities with significant potential for the production of bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of microbial isolates obtained from Yoluja Cave and the Jepirramüin rock shelter, located in the coastal region of La Guajira, Colombia. Field sampling was conducted during three campaigns in July, September, and November 2025, including soil and surface samples collected along environmental gradients within each site. Microorganisms were isolated using selective culture media and identified through morphological and biochemical characterization. Selected strains were subjected to liquid fermentation and organic solvent extraction to obtain crude metabolites. Analysis of …

Risk Factors Associated With Hair Loss Severity Among Female University Students: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study, Roaa Mohammed Jabbar, Rusul Mahdi Abid

AUIQ Complementary Biological System

Hair loss is a frequent health problem of women and can have an adverse impact on physical appearance, body image and quality of life. Its development has been attributed to a number of demographics, lifestyle and clinical factors, but which factors have the greatest influence on its development is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the demographical, lifestyle and clinical parameters with hair loss severity among female university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among female university students', and data collected using a structured questionnaire, and statistical analysis was performed using chi-square, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post …

Updated Records And Confirmed Colonies Of The Asian Needle Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Brachyponera Chinensis) In Mississippi, Joseph A. Macgown, Kaitlin M. Baudier, Santos Portugal

Midsouth Entomologist

No abstract, this is a short communication.