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Articles 481 - 510 of 2421

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Application Of Residue, Inorganic Fertilizer And Lime Affect Phosphorus Solubilizing Microorganisms And Microbial Biomass Under Different Tillage And Cropping Systems In A Ferralsol, Peter Bolo, Job Kihara, Monicah Mucheru-Muna, Ezekiel Mugendi Njeru, Michael Kinyua, Rolf Sommer May 2021

Application Of Residue, Inorganic Fertilizer And Lime Affect Phosphorus Solubilizing Microorganisms And Microbial Biomass Under Different Tillage And Cropping Systems In A Ferralsol, Peter Bolo, Job Kihara, Monicah Mucheru-Muna, Ezekiel Mugendi Njeru, Michael Kinyua, Rolf Sommer

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Phosphorus is a critical nutrient for plant growth. Several agronomic practices have been promoted to improve soil fertility and crop productivity in Western Kenya. Yet, despite their benefits, a dearth of knowledge exists on their long-term effects on soil microbial biomass and phosphorus solubilizing microbial species (PSMs) abundance especially in this region. In a long-term (15 years) agronomic field trial, we selected 8 treatments that allowed for evaluation of 1) Effect of tillage in a maize-soybean rotation with fertilization and residue retention; 2) Effect of residue retention in a maize-soybean rotation with fertilization under conservation tillage; 3) Effect of N …


Regulation Of Gut Commensal-Specific T Cell Differentiation By Dendritic Cell Subsets, Emilie Russler-Germain May 2021

Regulation Of Gut Commensal-Specific T Cell Differentiation By Dendritic Cell Subsets, Emilie Russler-Germain

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract can harbor both beneficial commensal organisms important for host health, but also pathogenic organisms capable of intestinal damage. It is therefore important that the host immune system mounts appropriate responses to different intestinal organisms – promoting tolerance to some, controlling the colonization of others, and inducing sterilizing immunity in cases of noxious pathogens. Failure to induce tolerance to commensal organisms may underlie immune-mediated diseases such as human inflammatory bowel disease, while inappropriate tolerance to more harmful organisms has the potential to result in infection, inflammation, or even malabsorption. Adaptive immune responses to intestinal commensal organisms are …


Reeling In New Antibiotics: Synthesis And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Of Zinc-Binding Clavanins From Styela Clava (Sea Squirt), Eduardo Badillo-Colberg May 2021

Reeling In New Antibiotics: Synthesis And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Of Zinc-Binding Clavanins From Styela Clava (Sea Squirt), Eduardo Badillo-Colberg

Honors Scholar Theses

Clavanins have been a quite rarely studied antimicrobial peptide (AMP) family. Though the data in the few studies published on the matter and in theoretical experimental data presented by the Wang lab in their peptide library creation [14], in that the members of this family could potentially be quite effective novel antimicrobial candidates. Among those that have been targets of studies, Clavanin A has been at the forefront of this endeavor of finding effective novel antimicrobial peptides[14]. In these aforementioned studies, Clavanin A has been shown to be quite effective against many different bacterial strains, which begs the question as …


Comprehensive Ecological And Geographic Characterization Of Eukaryotic And Prokaryotic Microbiomes In African Anopheles, Eugeni Belda Cuesta, Boubacar Coulibaly, Tullu Bukhari, Karin Eiglmeier, Raymond Kone, Mamadou B. Coulibaly, Soumanaba Zongo, Mamadou Barry, Awa Gneme, Wamdaogo M. Guelbeogo, Abdoul H. Beavogui, Sekou F. Traore, N’Fale Sagnon, Kenneth D. Vernick, Michelle M. Riehle May 2021

Comprehensive Ecological And Geographic Characterization Of Eukaryotic And Prokaryotic Microbiomes In African Anopheles, Eugeni Belda Cuesta, Boubacar Coulibaly, Tullu Bukhari, Karin Eiglmeier, Raymond Kone, Mamadou B. Coulibaly, Soumanaba Zongo, Mamadou Barry, Awa Gneme, Wamdaogo M. Guelbeogo, Abdoul H. Beavogui, Sekou F. Traore, N’Fale Sagnon, Kenneth D. Vernick, Michelle M. Riehle

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Exposure of mosquitoes to numerous eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbes in their associated microbiomes has probably helped drive the evolution of the innate immune system. To our knowledge, a metagenomic catalog of the eukaryotic microbiome has not been reported from any insect. Here we employ a novel approach to preferentially deplete host 18S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons to reveal the composition of the eukaryotic microbial communities of Anopheles larvae sampled in Kenya, Burkina Faso and Republic of Guinea (Conakry). We identified 453 eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with Anopheles larvae in nature, but an average of 45% of the 18S …


A Survey Of Mosquito-Borne And Insect-Specific Viruses In Hospitals And Livestock Markets In Western Kenya, Tatenda Chiuya, Daniel K. Masiga, Laura C. Falzon, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Eric M. Fèvre, Jandouwe Villinger May 2021

A Survey Of Mosquito-Borne And Insect-Specific Viruses In Hospitals And Livestock Markets In Western Kenya, Tatenda Chiuya, Daniel K. Masiga, Laura C. Falzon, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Eric M. Fèvre, Jandouwe Villinger

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes are prolific vectors of arboviruses that are a global threat to human and animal health. Increased globalization and ease of travel have facilitated the worldwide dissemination of these mosquitoes and the viruses they transmit. To assess disease risk, we determined the frequency of arboviruses in western Kenyan counties bordering an area of high arboviral activity. In addition to pathogenic viruses, insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs), some of which are thought to impair the transmission of specific pathogenic arboviruses, were also evaluated. We trapped mosquitoes in the short and long rainy seasons in 2018 and 2019 …


Spatial Acuity-Sensitivity Trade-Off In The Principal Eyes Of A Jumping Spider: Possible Adaptations To A ‘Blended’ Lifestyle, Ana M. Cerveira, Ximena J. Nelson, Robert R. Jackson May 2021

Spatial Acuity-Sensitivity Trade-Off In The Principal Eyes Of A Jumping Spider: Possible Adaptations To A ‘Blended’ Lifestyle, Ana M. Cerveira, Ximena J. Nelson, Robert R. Jackson

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Jumping spiders (Salticidae) are diurnal visual predators known for elaborate, vision-mediated behaviour achieved through the coordinated work of four pairs of camera-type eyes. One pair (‘principal’ eyes) is responsible for colour and high spatial acuity vision, while three pairs (‘secondary’ eyes) are mostly responsible for motion detection. Based on its unusual capacity to visually discriminate specific prey in very low, but also under bright light settings, we investigated the structure of the principal and one pair of secondary eyes (antero-lateral eyes) of Cyrba algerina to determine how these eyes achieve the sensitivity, while maintaining spatial acuity, needed to sustain behaviour …


Rehabilitation Practices In Cocoa Agroforestry Systems Mitigate Outbreaks Of Termites And Support Cocoa Tree Development And Yield, Christian T.L. Djuideu, Hervé D.B. Bisseleua, Sévilor Kekeunou, Felicitas C. Ambele May 2021

Rehabilitation Practices In Cocoa Agroforestry Systems Mitigate Outbreaks Of Termites And Support Cocoa Tree Development And Yield, Christian T.L. Djuideu, Hervé D.B. Bisseleua, Sévilor Kekeunou, Felicitas C. Ambele

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Most smallholder cocoa farmers in West Africa are not equipped with the necessary tools, techniques, and practices to rejuvenate their aging cocoa farms. Instead, they rather prefer to establish new cocoa farms at the expense of forest remnants. Poor management of their overaged farms has resulted in the emergence and outbreaks of new pest species such as termites feeding on the remaining productive trees and negatively affecting overall yield. We investigated how rehabilitation pruning of cocoa trees influences termite outbreaks and yield in three cocoa agroforestry systems (rustic, intermediate and full sun systems). We monitored cocoa and non-cocoa trees at …


Dispersion Patterns And Monitoring Samplings Of Termite Pests In Cocoa Agroforestry Systems Of Southern Cameroon, Christian T.L. Djuideu, Hervé D.B. Bisseleua, Sevilor Kekeunou, Felicitas C. Ambele May 2021

Dispersion Patterns And Monitoring Samplings Of Termite Pests In Cocoa Agroforestry Systems Of Southern Cameroon, Christian T.L. Djuideu, Hervé D.B. Bisseleua, Sevilor Kekeunou, Felicitas C. Ambele

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Termites are major emerging pests of cocoa in Africa. However, their dispersion models on cocoa trees as well as their sampling plans remain unclear. Moreover, the effect of shade trees on the severity of termite infestation on cocoa is poorly known. We evaluated the severity of termite infestation on cocoa trees in relation to shade management in five cocoa agroforestry systems in southern Cameroon with shade cover ranging from rustic to full sun. The dispersion models of termites on cocoa were analyzed using Taylor’s power law, Nachman model and Iwao’s method. We then simulated the optimal sampling sizes for pest …


The Intersection Of Past And Present, Hannah Welzbacker May 2021

The Intersection Of Past And Present, Hannah Welzbacker

Graduate Student Portfolios, Professional Papers, and Capstone Projects

Science often faces a crossroad between the past and present. Ever changing technology allows us to make new discoveries while at the same time, elements from past cultures need preserving. The three stories in this portfolio all highlight the intersection of past and present and how they can coexist. The first story focuses on a technological breakthrough that allows local researchers to better understand nocturnal migrations using acoustic monitoring. The second story explains the controversial Mayan Train project moving through South America and the implications for the economy, environment and culture. The final piece captures how members of the Blackfeet …


Co-Occurrence Of In-Stream Nitrogen Fixation And Denitrification Across A Nitrogen Gradient In A Western U.S. Watershed, 2015 - 2016, Erin K. Eberhard, Amy Marcarelli, Colden V. Baxter Apr 2021

Co-Occurrence Of In-Stream Nitrogen Fixation And Denitrification Across A Nitrogen Gradient In A Western U.S. Watershed, 2015 - 2016, Erin K. Eberhard, Amy Marcarelli, Colden V. Baxter

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

This data was collected as part of the NSF CAREER Grant DEB 14-51919 to Amy Marcarelli to evaluate if nitrogen fixation and denitrification co-occur in streams across a gradient of nitrate concentrations. This data was collected during summer 2015 and 2016 in the Portneuf River watershed near Pocatello, ID. In summer 2015, rates of nitrogen fixation were only measured on rock substrate and denitrification only on sediment substrate. In summer 2016, both process rates were measured on both rock and sediment substrate to more accurately capture variation in rates.


Smokejumper Obituary: Cummings#2, Harry L. (Missoula 1946), National Smokejumper Association Apr 2021

Smokejumper Obituary: Cummings#2, Harry L. (Missoula 1946), National Smokejumper Association

Smokejumper Obituaries

No abstract provided.


Winter Skate (Leucoraja Ocellata) Neurocranium, Daulton J. Scharf, David W. Kerstetter Apr 2021

Winter Skate (Leucoraja Ocellata) Neurocranium, Daulton J. Scharf, David W. Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Prepared Winter Skate Jaw


Homology Of A Maturase To The Heart Of The Nuclear Spliceosome, Isabella Becker Apr 2021

Homology Of A Maturase To The Heart Of The Nuclear Spliceosome, Isabella Becker

Undergraduate Research Competition

Structural and biochemical evidence links group II introns as evolutionary precursors of nuclear introns. The spliceosome binds and excises nuclear introns. Maturases are prokaryotic enzymes that aid group II intron excision. The evolutionary ties between group II introns and nuclear introns suggest a possible link between maturases and the nuclear spliceosome. Structural analysis of Prp8, a core enzyme of the nuclear spliceosome has demonstrated this link and revealed similarity to prokaryotic maturases. Maturase K (MatK) is a chloroplast group II intron maturase. Unlike prokaryotic maturases, MatK binds to multiple intron substrates suggesting possible evolution akin to the nuclear spliceosome machinery. …


Winter Skate (Leucoraja Ocellata) Jaw, Krystal Renta, David Kerstetter Apr 2021

Winter Skate (Leucoraja Ocellata) Jaw, Krystal Renta, David Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Jaw prep from Winter Skate (Leucoraja ocellata)


Barndoor Skate (Dipturus Laevis) Jaw Prep, Nathan P. Andrews, David Kerstetter Apr 2021

Barndoor Skate (Dipturus Laevis) Jaw Prep, Nathan P. Andrews, David Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Jaw Prep from Barndoor Skate (Dipturis laevis)


Exploring The Kairomone-Based Foraging Behaviour Of Natural Enemies To Enhance Biological Control: A Review, Pascal M. Ayelo, Christian W.W. Pirk, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Anaïs Chailleux, Samira A. Mohamed, Emilie Deletre Apr 2021

Exploring The Kairomone-Based Foraging Behaviour Of Natural Enemies To Enhance Biological Control: A Review, Pascal M. Ayelo, Christian W.W. Pirk, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Anaïs Chailleux, Samira A. Mohamed, Emilie Deletre

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Kairomones are chemical signals that mediate interspecific interactions beneficial to organisms that detect the cues. These attractants can be individual compounds or mixtures of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) or herbivore chemicals such as pheromones, i.e., chemicals mediating intraspecific communication between herbivores. Natural enemies eavesdrop on kairomones during their foraging behaviour, i.e., location of oviposition sites and feeding resources in nature. Kairomone mixtures are likely to elicit stronger olfactory responses in natural enemies than single kairomones. Kairomone-based lures are used to enhance biological control strategies via the attraction and retention of natural enemies to reduce insect pest populations and crop damage …


Efficacy Of Parapheromone Traps In The Protection Of Grafted Mango Orchards Against Fruit Flies In Togo, Atti Tchabi, Abouwaliou Nafadjara Nadio, Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame, Magnim Essolakina Bokobana, Mondjonnesso Gomina, Agbéko Kodjo Tounou, Komla Sanda Apr 2021

Efficacy Of Parapheromone Traps In The Protection Of Grafted Mango Orchards Against Fruit Flies In Togo, Atti Tchabi, Abouwaliou Nafadjara Nadio, Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame, Magnim Essolakina Bokobana, Mondjonnesso Gomina, Agbéko Kodjo Tounou, Komla Sanda

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Fruit flies by infesting grafted mangoes cause considerable losses and loss of profit to the various actors range from producers to consumers. To control these pests, synthetic chemical insecticides use is generally the most common and first resort solution in all regions of Togo. But this method remains dangerous for human and environmental health. The objective of this study was to test the effecacy of Biofeed trap, an alternative solution that is environmentally friendly in comparison with a trap already used in the field (M3 traps based on food bait). Three orchards of about 1 ha for the 3 treatments …


Data For Farmland Preservation Study, Arthur J. Caplan, Brent C. Chamberlain Apr 2021

Data For Farmland Preservation Study, Arthur J. Caplan, Brent C. Chamberlain

Browse all Datasets

This study fills a gap in cultural ecosystem service (CES) assessment of prime farmland located in peri-urban areas by presenting results from a choice experiment recently conducted in Utah’s Wasatch Front region. The choice experiment was designed to account for heterogeneous effects associated with a wide array of socio-demographic and attitudinal characteristics on household preferences for farmland preservation, including farmland used for the joint production of solar power and agricultural products. We apply a mixed-logit model to our data that controls for preference heterogeneity among Wasatch Front households along two dimensions – at the individual household level and according to …


[Squalus Acanthus (Spiny Dogfish Shark)]Jaw, Ally E. Sheehan Apr 2021

[Squalus Acanthus (Spiny Dogfish Shark)]Jaw, Ally E. Sheehan

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Jaw from Female, [length] 6cm, [width] 5.5 cm [Squalus acanthias (Sping Dogfish shark)]


Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias) Jaw Prep, Olivia Williams, David Kerstetter Apr 2021

Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias) Jaw Prep, Olivia Williams, David Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Jaw from female spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)


Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias) Jaw, Jordan Warren, David Kerstetter Apr 2021

Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias) Jaw, Jordan Warren, David Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Jaw from approximately 1 m total length Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias).


Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias) Jaw Prep, Matthew B. Edwards, David W. Kerstetter Apr 2021

Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias) Jaw Prep, Matthew B. Edwards, David W. Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Jaw from Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias)


Male Longnose Skate (Raja Rhina) Jaw, James A. Moss, David Kerstetter Apr 2021

Male Longnose Skate (Raja Rhina) Jaw, James A. Moss, David Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Male Longnose Skate Jaw (Raja rhina). Provided by Dr. David Kerstetter.


Barndoor Skate (Dipturus Laevis) Jaw, Erika M. Carrera, David W. Kerstetter Apr 2021

Barndoor Skate (Dipturus Laevis) Jaw, Erika M. Carrera, David W. Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Jaw from 14.4 cm total length (TL) Barndoor skate (Dipturus laevis), collected from Massachusetts on an unknown date by Jeff Kneebone


Barndoor Skate (Dipturus Laevis) Jaw Prep, Chase Adam Dejarnett, David Kerstetter Apr 2021

Barndoor Skate (Dipturus Laevis) Jaw Prep, Chase Adam Dejarnett, David Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Barndoor skate (Dipturus laevis) jaw preparation done by Chase DeJarnett and David Kerstetter for the Sharks and Their Relatives course Winter Semester 2021.


Squalus Acanthias, Spiny Dogfish Shark, Jaw, Sam Snell, David Kerstetter Apr 2021

Squalus Acanthias, Spiny Dogfish Shark, Jaw, Sam Snell, David Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Jaw from Squalus acanthias, Spiny Dogfish Shark


Longnose Skate (Raja Rhina) Jaw, Tyler Miclau, David W. Kerstetter Apr 2021

Longnose Skate (Raja Rhina) Jaw, Tyler Miclau, David W. Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Jaw from Longnose Skate (Raja rhina)


Winter Skate (Leucoraja Ocellata) Jaw, Paige Spratt, Kathryn Kuruoglu, David W. Kerstetter Apr 2021

Winter Skate (Leucoraja Ocellata) Jaw, Paige Spratt, Kathryn Kuruoglu, David W. Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Jaw from a winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata)


Winter Skate (Leucoraja Ocellata) Jaw, Emily M. Salonia, David W. Kerstetter Apr 2021

Winter Skate (Leucoraja Ocellata) Jaw, Emily M. Salonia, David W. Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Jaw 11.7 cm total length (TL) from Winter Skate (Leucoraja ocellata) collected from NSU Fisheries and Avian Ecology Laboratory on 3/23/21 by Emily Salonia.


Blacktip Shark (Carcharhinus Limbatus) Jaw, Katerina D. Sawickij, David Kerstetter Apr 2021

Blacktip Shark (Carcharhinus Limbatus) Jaw, Katerina D. Sawickij, David Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Jaw from 176.1 cm total length (TL) Carcharhinus limbatus (Blacktip), collected from Hollywood Beach, FL on 3/13/21 by Katerina Sawickij.