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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Isolation, Phylogeny And Evolution Of The Symrk Gene In The Legume Genus Lupinus L., Frédéric Mahé, Dragomira Markova, Rémy Pasquet, Marie Thérèse Misset, Abdelkader Aïnouche Jan 2011

Isolation, Phylogeny And Evolution Of The Symrk Gene In The Legume Genus Lupinus L., Frédéric Mahé, Dragomira Markova, Rémy Pasquet, Marie Thérèse Misset, Abdelkader Aïnouche

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

SymRK is one of the key genes involved in initial steps of legume symbiotic association with fungi (mycorrhization) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (nodulation). A large portion of the sequence encoding the extracellular domain of SYMRK was obtained for 38 lupine accessions and 2 outgroups in order to characterize this region, to evaluate its phylogenetic utility, and to examine whether its molecular evolutionary pattern is correlated with rhizobial diversity and specificity in Lupinus. The data suggested that, in Lupinus, SymRK is a single copy gene that shows good phylogenetic potential. Accordingly, SymRK provided additional support to previous molecular phylogenies, and shed additional …

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Saplings 2011, Sean M. Goins, Joseph Braner, Amy L. Myers, Charlie Jackson, Julia I. Chapman, Ryan W. Mcewan Jan 2011

Saplings 2011, Sean M. Goins, Joseph Braner, Amy L. Myers, Charlie Jackson, Julia I. Chapman, Ryan W. Mcewan

Data Files: Drew Woods Permanent Plots

Sapling data (woody species >50 centimeters in height and <2.5 cm diameter at breast height) collected in 2011 at Drew Woods State Nature Preserve in Darke County, OH. Data key is provided in a supplemental file.

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Overstory 2011, Sean M. Goins, Joseph Braner, Amy L. Myers, Charlie Jackson, Albert J. Burky, Julia I. Chapman, Ryan W. Mcewan Jan 2011

Overstory 2011, Sean M. Goins, Joseph Braner, Amy L. Myers, Charlie Jackson, Albert J. Burky, Julia I. Chapman, Ryan W. Mcewan

Data Files: Drew Woods Permanent Plots

Overstory data (woody species ≥2.5 centimeters in diameter at breast height) collected in 2011 at Drew Woods State Nature Preserve in Darke County, OH. Data key is provided in a supplemental file.

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The Flight Activity Of Prostephanus Truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) And Teretrius Nigrescens Lewis (Coleoptera: Histeridae) In Kenya, Bonaventure Aman Omondi, Nanqing Jiang, Johnnie Van Den Berg, Fritz Schulthess Jan 2011

The Flight Activity Of Prostephanus Truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) And Teretrius Nigrescens Lewis (Coleoptera: Histeridae) In Kenya, Bonaventure Aman Omondi, Nanqing Jiang, Johnnie Van Den Berg, Fritz Schulthess

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The invasive storage pest, the larger grain borer (LGB) Prostephanus truncatus (Horn), was introduced into the maize-deficit, semi-arid areas of the eastern region in Kenya in the early 1980s. In spite of containment efforts and the introduction of the predator Teretrius nigrescens Lewis from Mexico, LGB has spread to the main maize production zone in western Kenya during the past five years. The present work presents results from a 28-month monitoring effort of LGB and its predator, using pheromone traps at five locations along an east-west transect across Kenya. LGB occurred in all regions with highest trap catches in the …

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Phylogeographic Structure Of Teretrius Nigrescens (Coleoptera: Histeridae) Predator Of The Invasive Post Harvest Pest Prostephanus Truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)., B. A. Omondi, J. Van Den Berg, D. Masiga, F. Schulthess Jan 2011

Phylogeographic Structure Of Teretrius Nigrescens (Coleoptera: Histeridae) Predator Of The Invasive Post Harvest Pest Prostephanus Truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)., B. A. Omondi, J. Van Den Berg, D. Masiga, F. Schulthess

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The invasive larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) is the most important pest of farm-stored maize in Africa. It was introduced into the continent from Mesoamerica in the late 1970s and by 2008 had spread to at least 18 countries. Classical biological control using two populations of the predator Teretrius nigrescens Lewis achieved long-term and cost effective control in warm-humid areas, but not in cool and hot-dry zones. The present study investigated the phylogenetic relationships between geographical populations of the predator. Ten populations of T. nigrescens were studied using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR), sequence analysis of …

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Oviposition Preferences Of The African Wild Silkmoth, Gonometa Postica Walker (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) On Different Substrates, Ken O. Fening, Esther N. Kioko, Jones M. Mueke, Suresh K. Raina Jan 2011

Oviposition Preferences Of The African Wild Silkmoth, Gonometa Postica Walker (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) On Different Substrates, Ken O. Fening, Esther N. Kioko, Jones M. Mueke, Suresh K. Raina

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Gonometa postica Walker (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) is currently being utilised for commercial wild silk production in Eastern Kenya. The oviposition preferences of female G. postica on four substrates in a net-sleeved cage was studied in the laboratory in the long and short rainy seasons in 2007 for two generations, i. e. early (late March to April) and late flights (late September to October) of the moth. The first generation moths laid the highest number of eggs on net sleeves followed by plastic pot, twigs and wooden plank, whereas the second generation moths preferred wooden plank and net sleeves over the plastic …

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Construction Of A Ssr-Based Genetic Map And Identification Of Qtl For Domestication Traits Using Recombinant Inbred Lines From A Cross Between Wild And Cultivated Cowpea (V. Unguiculata (L.) Walp.), Mebeaselassie Andargie, Remy S. Pasquet, Bhavani S. Gowda, Geoffrey M. Muluvi, Michael P. Timko Jan 2011

Construction Of A Ssr-Based Genetic Map And Identification Of Qtl For Domestication Traits Using Recombinant Inbred Lines From A Cross Between Wild And Cultivated Cowpea (V. Unguiculata (L.) Walp.), Mebeaselassie Andargie, Remy S. Pasquet, Bhavani S. Gowda, Geoffrey M. Muluvi, Michael P. Timko

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a grain legume commonly grown and consumed in many parts of the tropics and subtropics. A genetic linkage map was constructed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and a recombinant inbred (RI) population of159 individuals derived from a cross between the breeding line 524B, a California Blackeye, and 219-01, a perennial wild cowpea from Kenya. Out of 912 primer combinations predicted to amplify SSRs in cowpea, 639 reliably produced amplification products in PCR assays and 202 (31.6%) were polymorphic between the two parents. These polymorphic SSRs were used to construct a genetic map consisting …

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Dissemination Of Entomopathogenic Fungi Using Busseola Fusca Male As Vector, Nguya K. Maniania, Elizabeth Ouna, Peter Ahuya, Brigitte Frérot, Anne Emmanuelle Félix, Bruno Le Ru, Paul André Calatayud Jan 2011

Dissemination Of Entomopathogenic Fungi Using Busseola Fusca Male As Vector, Nguya K. Maniania, Elizabeth Ouna, Peter Ahuya, Brigitte Frérot, Anne Emmanuelle Félix, Bruno Le Ru, Paul André Calatayud

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The stem borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller), is an important pest of maize Zea mays L. and sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) in eastern and southern Africa. To control this pest, biological control methods including the use of entomopathogenic fungi are being considered. The pathogenicity of one isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. and one isolate of Beauveria bassiana Bals. (Vuill.) were first tested on different developmental stages of B. fusca including eggs, neonate, 2nd and 3rd-instar larvae. Both fungal isolates were pathogenic to all the stages tested. However, differences in mortality were observed among larvae that hatched from treated egg masses. …

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Flexibility In The Foraging Strategies Of Spiders, Ximena J. Nelson, Robert R. Jackson Jan 2011

Flexibility In The Foraging Strategies Of Spiders, Ximena J. Nelson, Robert R. Jackson

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Although many spiders build prey-capture webs, spider foraging strategies include species that, instead of building webs, deploy silk in other ways for prey capture. Additionally, there are species that capture prey, either by ambush or by active pursuit, without making notable use of silk in the process. There are striking examples of predatory specialisation from spiders, particularly among the Salticidae, suggesting that assumptions about adaptive trade-offs, in which the small nervous systems of spiders might constrain their cognitive or sensory abilities, need to be carefully evaluated. Predatory versatility, whereby an individual spider adopts a conditional strategy with which it classifies …

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Repellent Activity Of Catmint, Nepeta Cataria, And Iridoid Nepetalactone Isomers Against Afro-Tropical Mosquitoes, Ixodid Ticks And Red Poultry Mites, Michael A. Birkett, Ahmed Hassanali, Solveig Hoglund, Jan Pettersson, John A. Pickett Jan 2011

Repellent Activity Of Catmint, Nepeta Cataria, And Iridoid Nepetalactone Isomers Against Afro-Tropical Mosquitoes, Ixodid Ticks And Red Poultry Mites, Michael A. Birkett, Ahmed Hassanali, Solveig Hoglund, Jan Pettersson, John A. Pickett

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The repellent activity of the essential oil of the catmint plant, Nepeta cataria (Lamiaceae), and the main iridoid compounds (4aS,7S,7aR) and (4aS,7S,7aS)-nepetalactone, was assessed against (i) major Afro-tropical pathogen vector mosquitoes, i.e. The malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae s.s. and the Southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, using a World Health Organisation (WHO)-approved topical application bioassay (ii) the brown ear tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, using a climbing repellency assay, and (iii) the red poultry mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, using field trapping experiments. Gas chromatography (GC) and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of two N. cataria chemotypes (A and B) used in the repellency assays …

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Interpopulation Variation In Kairomone Use By Cyrba Algerina, An Araneophagic Jumping Spider From Portugal, Ana M. Cerveira, Robert R. Jackson Jan 2011

Interpopulation Variation In Kairomone Use By Cyrba Algerina, An Araneophagic Jumping Spider From Portugal, Ana M. Cerveira, Robert R. Jackson

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Geographic variation in a predator's reliance on kairomones from prey was investigated. The predator studied, Cyrbaalgerina, is an araneophagic (spider-eating) jumping spider (Salticidae) and the prey were oecobiid spiders (Oecobiidae). There were two study sites (Sintra and Tavira), both in Portugal. Oecobiusmachadoi was a common oecobiid in Sintra, but no oecobiids were found in Tavira. Staged encounters showed that oecobiid-specific prey-capture behaviour was adopted by the C. algerina in Sintra but not in Tavira. In experiments using a Y-shaped olfactometer, significantly more Sintra C. algerina individuals chose the side with oecobiid odour instead of the blank side when the odour …

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Ecoweb 1.1: Ecologists' Cooperative Web Bank, Joel E. Cohen Dec 2010

Ecoweb 1.1: Ecologists' Cooperative Web Bank, Joel E. Cohen

Cohen Laboratory

ECOWeB is a machine-readable database of several hundred food webs compiled from published sources by several ecologists.

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Effects Of Three Emulsion Compositions On Taste Thresholds And Intensity Ratings Of Five Taste Compounds, J. E. Thurgood, Silvana Martini Dec 2010

Effects Of Three Emulsion Compositions On Taste Thresholds And Intensity Ratings Of Five Taste Compounds, J. E. Thurgood, Silvana Martini

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

This study assessed the effects of three emulsified systems on taste thresholds and the near-threshold taste intensities of the five tastes (sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami). Emulsions were formulated with different lipid chemical compositions. Lipid addition in an emulsified form significantly increased thresholds for sour and bitter tastes produced by citric acid and quinine hydrochloride, respectively. No significant differences were found in the threshold levels in emulsions formulated with different lipids for the five tastes evaluated. In general, for the same tastant concentration, taste intensities for sour and bitter tastes were lower in emulsions compared with the aqueous solutions, …

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Control Of Cuticle Sclerotization In Two Species Of Tsetse Fly Larvae (Diptera: Glossinidae), David L. Whitehead Dec 2010

Control Of Cuticle Sclerotization In Two Species Of Tsetse Fly Larvae (Diptera: Glossinidae), David L. Whitehead

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The presence of ecdysteroids during the larval life cycle and in the abdomens and ovaries of pregnant tsetse flies was established using radioimmunoassay. The hormone titre rises on day 9 of the larval life cycle 2-3 days after the hardening of the polypneustic lobes, mouthparts, phragma and anus. How initiation of tanning of the cuticle of the polypneustic lobes and later the puparium of tsetse fly is regulated is discussed as these events are separated in time by several days. It would seem to be unlikely that the pyrokinin neuropeptide, which is responsible for initiating the events that lead up …

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Systematics And Molecular Phylogeny Of Two African Stem Borer Genera, Sciomesa Tams & Bowden And Carelis Bowden (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), P. Moyal, B. Le Ru, D. Conlong, D. Cugala, B. Defabachew, T. Matama-Kauma, B. Pallangyo, J. Van Den Berg Dec 2010

Systematics And Molecular Phylogeny Of Two African Stem Borer Genera, Sciomesa Tams & Bowden And Carelis Bowden (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), P. Moyal, B. Le Ru, D. Conlong, D. Cugala, B. Defabachew, T. Matama-Kauma, B. Pallangyo, J. Van Den Berg

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Currently, the systematics of the African noctuid stem borers of the subtribe Sesamiina, which include major pests of cereals, is confused. In addition, their ecology is poorly known, as are the factors influencing their evolution. In this paper, we address these shortcomings for two genera of the Sesamiina, Sciomesa Tams & Bowden and Carelis Bowden. Mixed Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, which included their host plants and two mitochondrial genes, showed the genus Sciomesa to be polyphyletic. Two new genera were created, Pirateolea and Feraxinia. The genus Carelis proved to be paraphyletic and was subdivided into two sub-genera. The genera Sciomesa, Carelis …

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Control Of Invasive Liriomyza Leafminer Species And Compliance With Food Safety Standards By Small Scale Snow Pea Farmers In Kenya, Zachary Maina Gitonga, Adenirin Chabi-Olaye, Dagmar Mithöfer, Julius Juma Okello, Cecilia Nyawira Ritho Dec 2010

Control Of Invasive Liriomyza Leafminer Species And Compliance With Food Safety Standards By Small Scale Snow Pea Farmers In Kenya, Zachary Maina Gitonga, Adenirin Chabi-Olaye, Dagmar Mithöfer, Julius Juma Okello, Cecilia Nyawira Ritho

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The Kenyan horticultural industry faces a new challenge following invasion by the quarantine Liriomyza leafminer species Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae and Liriomyza trifolii which have recently become pests of economic importance. Controlling Liriomyza leafminers poses serious difficulties due to their biology and quarantine status. This paper examines farmers' awareness of the pests and difficulties faced in controlling them. (1) A questionnaire survey showed that snow pea farmers in Kenya rely mainly on pesticides for control of invasive Liriomyza leafminers; (2) Sixty five percent of respondents perceived pesticides to be ineffective; (3) As a result, 74% of respondents increased the frequency …

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Ovaries And Germline Cysts And Their Evolution In Dermaptera (Insecta), Wacław Tworzydło, Szczepan M. Biliński, Petr Kočárek, Fabian Haas Sep 2010

Ovaries And Germline Cysts And Their Evolution In Dermaptera (Insecta), Wacław Tworzydło, Szczepan M. Biliński, Petr Kočárek, Fabian Haas

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We studied the ovary structure and initial stages of oogenesis in 15 representatives of several dermapteran taxa, including the epizoic Arixeniina. In all examined species, the ovaries are meroistic-polytrophic. The ovaries of the basal taxa ('Pygidicranidae', 'Diplatyidae', and Labiduridae) are composed of elongated ovarioles, attached to short lateral oviducts. In these groups, ovarioles contain several (more than 30) ovarian follicles in a linear arrangement. In the Eudermaptera, the ovaries are composed of 1-6 (Spongiphoridae) or 20-40 (Forficulidae, Chelisochidae) short ovarioles (containing 2 ovarian follicles only) that open to strongly elongated lateral oviducts. In all investigated dermapterans, the ovarian follicles are …

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Arm-In-Cage Testing Of Natural Human-Derived Mosquito Repellents, James G. Logan, Nina M. Stanczyk, Ahmed Hassanali, Joshua Kemei, Antônio E.G. Santana, Karlos A.L. Ribeiro, John A. Pickett, A. Jennifer Mordue Aug 2010

Arm-In-Cage Testing Of Natural Human-Derived Mosquito Repellents, James G. Logan, Nina M. Stanczyk, Ahmed Hassanali, Joshua Kemei, Antônio E.G. Santana, Karlos A.L. Ribeiro, John A. Pickett, A. Jennifer Mordue

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Background. Individual human subjects are differentially attractive to mosquitoes and other biting insects. Previous investigations have demonstrated that this can be attributed partly to enhanced production of natural repellent chemicals by those individuals that attract few mosquitoes in the laboratory. The most important compounds in this respect include three aldehydes, octanal, nonanal and decanal, and two ketones, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and geranylacetone [(E)-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,9-dien-2-one]. In olfactometer trials, these compounds interfered with attraction of mosquitoes to a host and consequently show promise as novel mosquito repellents. Methods. To test whether these chemicals could provide protection against mosquitoes, laboratory repellency trials were carried out to …

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Anopheles Larval Abundance And Diversity In Three Rice Agro-Village Complexes Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Central Kenya, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Josephat Shililu, Ephantus J. Muturi, Simon Muriu, Benjamin Jacob, Ephantus W. Kabiru, Charles M. Mbogo, John Githure, Robert J. Novak Aug 2010

Anopheles Larval Abundance And Diversity In Three Rice Agro-Village Complexes Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Central Kenya, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Josephat Shililu, Ephantus J. Muturi, Simon Muriu, Benjamin Jacob, Ephantus W. Kabiru, Charles M. Mbogo, John Githure, Robert J. Novak

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Background. The diversity and abundance of Anopheles larvae has significant influence on the resulting adult mosquito population and hence the dynamics of malaria transmission. Studies were conducted to examine larval habitat dynamics and ecological factors affecting survivorship of aquatic stages of malaria vectors in three agro-ecological settings in Mwea, Kenya. Methods. Three villages were selected based on rice husbandry and water management practices. Aquatic habitats in the 3 villages representing planned rice cultivation (Mbui Njeru), unplanned rice cultivation (Kiamachiri) and non-irrigated (Murinduko) agro-ecosystems were sampled every 2 weeks to generate stage-specific estimates of mosquito larval densities, relative abundance and diversity. …

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Landmarks In The Evolution Of Technologies For Identifying Trypanosomes In Tsetse Flies, John C. Enyaru, Johnson O. Ouma, Imna I. Malele, Enock Matovu, Daniel K. Masiga Aug 2010

Landmarks In The Evolution Of Technologies For Identifying Trypanosomes In Tsetse Flies, John C. Enyaru, Johnson O. Ouma, Imna I. Malele, Enock Matovu, Daniel K. Masiga

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Understanding what the trypanosome pathogens are, their vectors and mode of transmission underpin efforts to control the disease they cause in both humans and livestock. The risk of transmission is estimated by determining what proportion of the vector population is carrying the infectious pathogens. This risk also depends on the infectivity of the trypanosomes to humans and livestock. Most livestock pathogens are not infective to humans, whereas the two sub-species that infect humans also infect livestock. As with other infectious diseases, we can therefore trace the foundation of many continuing disease control programs for trypanosomiasis to the discovery of the …

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Measuring Relationships Between Camp Staff And Camper Developmental Outcomes: An Application Of Self-Determination Theory, Mark F. Roark, Gary D. Elis, Mary Sara Wells, Ann Gillard Jul 2010

Measuring Relationships Between Camp Staff And Camper Developmental Outcomes: An Application Of Self-Determination Theory, Mark F. Roark, Gary D. Elis, Mary Sara Wells, Ann Gillard

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

While recent studies have suggested that positive developmental outcomes may result from participating in camp experiences, it is unclear what specific aspects of camp (e.g., staff dispositions, counselor teams, non-counselor staff) might influence these camper outcomes. Previous studies have measured the autonomy support of schoolteachers and found that more autonomy-supportive dispositions that, for example, engage autonomy, relatedness, and competence through the use of meaningful choice or rationale have positive effects on student developmental outcomes (e.g., intrinsic motivation, competence, self-esteem). Unlike schools, camps are noncompulsory recreation environments and most are outdoor-based. The existence of differences between the physical, social, and motivational …

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Nutrition And Health Paraprofessional Certification, D. Christofferson, Heidi Leblanc, Nedra K. Christensen, M. Bunch Jul 2010

Nutrition And Health Paraprofessional Certification, D. Christofferson, Heidi Leblanc, Nedra K. Christensen, M. Bunch

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Online basic nutrition certification program based on national paraprofessional core competencies designed to increase paraprofessional knowledge, increase confidence, and overcome training barriers of programming time and travel expenses.

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Geographic Distribution, Host Range And Perennation Of Cotesia Sesamiae And Cotesia Flavipes Cameron In Cultivated And Natural Habitats In Kenya, Duna Madu Mailafiya, Bruno Pierre Le Ru, Eunice Waitherero Kairu, Paul André Calatayud, Stéphane Dupas Jul 2010

Geographic Distribution, Host Range And Perennation Of Cotesia Sesamiae And Cotesia Flavipes Cameron In Cultivated And Natural Habitats In Kenya, Duna Madu Mailafiya, Bruno Pierre Le Ru, Eunice Waitherero Kairu, Paul André Calatayud, Stéphane Dupas

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Field surveys were carried out in four agroecological zones to assess the geographic distribution, host range and perennation of Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes in cultivated and natural habitats in Kenya. The distribution of the two Cotesia species in different ecological regions was most affected by the suitability of the local stem borer species for parasitoid development, and temperature, as both species were found in localities dominated by their suitable host(s) where temperature favoured their occurrence. Fourteen years after its release, C. flavipes has maintained a high level of specificity to its target host Chilo partellus on maize and sorghum …

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Food Habits Of Wintering Waterfowl On The Great Salt Lake, Utah, Josh L. Vest, Michael R. Conover Jun 2010

Food Habits Of Wintering Waterfowl On The Great Salt Lake, Utah, Josh L. Vest, Michael R. Conover

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Two invertebrates, brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) and brine flies (Ephydridac), occur in great densities in the Great Salt Lake (GSL) but it is unknown whether ducks forage extensively on them during winter or rely on freshwater food. Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeala) and Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca) were collected from the GSL during winters 2004–05 and 2005–06 to evaluate their food habits. Brine shrimp and brine flies comprised more than 70% of the winter diet of these ducks. Common Goldeneyes consumed mainly brine fly larvae (68% based on dry weight biomass), which live primarily along the substrate. …

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Novel Cross-Stage Solitarising Effect Of Gregarious-Phase Adult Desert Locust (Schistocerca Gregaria (Forskål)) Pheromone On Hoppers, Magzoub O. Bashir, Ahmed Hassanali Jun 2010

Novel Cross-Stage Solitarising Effect Of Gregarious-Phase Adult Desert Locust (Schistocerca Gregaria (Forskål)) Pheromone On Hoppers, Magzoub O. Bashir, Ahmed Hassanali

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Previous studies had demonstrated stage differentiation in the cohesion (aggregation) pheromone systems of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. In laboratory arena, the nymphal and adult stages responded aggregatively to their own pheromone, but dispersed evenly within the arena in the presence of the other. In the present study, we explored the effects of longer-term contact of field gregarious hopper bands and laboratory crowd-reared nymphs with the major constituent of the adult pheromone. During the first few days, hoppers in treated bands became relatively hyperactive. Over the next few days, their movements became random and they stopped marching as coherent groups, …

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Isoschaftoside, A C-Glycosylflavonoid From Desmodium Uncinatum Root Exudate, Is An Allelochemical Against The Development Of Striga, Antony M. Hooper, Muniru K. Tsanuo, Keith Chamberlain, Kay Tittcomb, Julie Scholes, Ahmed Hassanali, Zeyaur R. Khan, John A. Pickett Jun 2010

Isoschaftoside, A C-Glycosylflavonoid From Desmodium Uncinatum Root Exudate, Is An Allelochemical Against The Development Of Striga, Antony M. Hooper, Muniru K. Tsanuo, Keith Chamberlain, Kay Tittcomb, Julie Scholes, Ahmed Hassanali, Zeyaur R. Khan, John A. Pickett

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In East African small-holder farming of maize, the cattle forage legume, Desmodium uncinatum is used as an intercrop due to its allelopathic inhibition of parasitism by Striga hermonthica, an obligate parasitic weed that can devastate the maize crop. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the root extract of D. uncinatum revealed isoschaftoside to be the main compound in the most potent fraction inhibiting growth of germinated S. hermonthica radicles. Bioassays repeated with isoschaftoside isolated from a different plant source, Passiflora incarnata, proved it to be a biologically active component. Analysis of the root exudates produced by hydroponically grown D. uncinatum showed isoschaftoside to …

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Participatory Evaluation Of Integrated Pest And Soil Fertility Management Options Using Ordered Categorical Data Analysis, Hugo De Groote, Esther Rutto, George Odhiambo, Fred Kanampiu, Zeyaur Khan, Richard Coe, Bernard Vanlauwe Jun 2010

Participatory Evaluation Of Integrated Pest And Soil Fertility Management Options Using Ordered Categorical Data Analysis, Hugo De Groote, Esther Rutto, George Odhiambo, Fred Kanampiu, Zeyaur Khan, Richard Coe, Bernard Vanlauwe

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Maize is becoming the major food crop around Lake Victoria. Major constraints to its production are Striga, stem borer, and declining soil fertility. Innovative integrated technologies have been developed: the 'push-pull' system (intercropping with Desmodium and surrounded by Napier grass), soybean and Crotalaria rotations, and imidazolinone-resistant (IR) maize seed. In 12 demonstration trials in four villages in Siaya and Vihiga districts (Kenya) and two villages in Busia (Uganda) in 2003 and 2004, 504 farmers evaluated all cropping systems and a mono-cropped continuous maize, each cropped with IR or local maize, and supplemented or not with fertilizer, totaling 16 treatments. Farmers …

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Population Structure Of Anopheles Gambiae Along The Kenyan Coast, Janet T. Midega, Ephantus J. Muturi, Frederick N. Baliraine, Charles M. Mbogo, John Githure, John C. Beier, Guiyun Yan May 2010

Population Structure Of Anopheles Gambiae Along The Kenyan Coast, Janet T. Midega, Ephantus J. Muturi, Frederick N. Baliraine, Charles M. Mbogo, John Githure, John C. Beier, Guiyun Yan

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

In the tropics, Anopheles mosquito abundance is greatest during the wet season and decline significantly during the dry season as larval habitats shrink. Population size fluctuations between wet and dry seasons may lead to variation in distribution of specific alleles within natural Anopheles populations, and a possible effect on the population genetic structure. We used 11 microsatellite markers to examine the effect of seasonality on population genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae s.s. at two sites along the Kenyan coast. All loci were highly polymorphic with the total number of alleles for pooled samples ranging from 7 (locus ND36) to 21 …

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Altering Functional Properties Of Fats Using Power Ultrasound, A. H. Suzuki, J. Lee, S. G. Padilla, Silvana Martini May 2010

Altering Functional Properties Of Fats Using Power Ultrasound, A. H. Suzuki, J. Lee, S. G. Padilla, Silvana Martini

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Ultrasound has been used for the last 50 y in different processing applications. Depending on the power and frequency of the sound waves, ultrasound techniques can be classified in different categories. Low-intensity ultrasound uses high frequencies in the range of 100 kHz to 10 MHz and is mostly used for therapeutic purpose (frequencies between 1 and 10 MHz) and to passively monitor the characteristics of materials (frequencies between 100 kHz and 10 MHz). High-intensity ultrasound (HIU), on the other hand, uses lower frequencies in the range of 20 to 100 kHz and it is commonly used for cleaning, disrupting, and …

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Effect Of Seasons And Larval Food Plants On The Quality Of Gonometa Postica Cocoons, Ken O. Fening, Esther N. Kioko, Suresh K. Raina, Jones M. Mueke Apr 2010

Effect Of Seasons And Larval Food Plants On The Quality Of Gonometa Postica Cocoons, Ken O. Fening, Esther N. Kioko, Suresh K. Raina, Jones M. Mueke

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The effect of food plants [Acacia elatior Brenan, A. tortilis (Forssk.) and A. nilotica (L.) Del.] on the development time of Gonometa postica Walker (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) larvae and the quality of their cocoons was studied in the Imba and Mumoni forests of Mwingi, Eastern Kenya, during the long (March-May) and short (October-December) rainy seasons of 2006 and 2007. Larvae were reared in semi-captivity in net sleeves attached to branches of the plants. The period between hatching of eggs and spinning of cocoons, as well as their weight, as determinants of cocoon quality were recorded. In addition, collections of cocoons from …

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