Life Sciences Commons^™

Forestry Bulletin No. 15: Silviculture Of The Minor Southern Conifers, Laurence C. Walker

Forestry Bulletins No. 1-25, 1957-1972

An analysis of many conifers, including pine, cedar and cypress.

Seasonal, Diurnal And Species Variation In Forage Moisture Content In Relation To Site On Mountain Summer Range Of Northern Utah, Chaudhry Mohammad Sharif

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Practical assessments of range production and utilization are based on forage weight estimates. In preparing these estimates moisture content in green vegetation offers some problems. The moisture component is not likely to be constant for a given species. Diurnal, seasonal and site variability have been well illustrated for agronomic and tree species (Salisbury, 1848; Jenkins, 1879; Miller, 1917; Pearson, 1924; Watkins, 1940; Parker, 1951; Ackley, 1954; Werner, 1954; Zohary and Orshan, 1956; Slatyer, 1959; Kozlowaki, 1965 and Jame son, 1966). Since variability is also likely for range plants, computations made on green weights are apt to be fallacious. It is …

Soil Moisture Depletion By Quaking Aspen And Gambel Oak In Central Utah, Jere J. Christner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Soil moisture depletion was studied in quaking aspen and Gambel oak areas of central Utah. The study area is located at about 8100 feet elevation in a zone with 20 to 25 inches precipitation annually.

Treatments ranged from no disturbance to clearcutting. Soil Moisture was measured periodically during the summer of 1966.

Results showed less soil moisture depletion on the plots of least residual basel area. Average soil moisture depletion the season following cutting at two sites was 4.3 inches less than it was on higher residual basal area plots.

The reduction in soil moisture depletion occurred principally below the …

Forestry Bulletin No. 14: Practical Point-Sampling, Ellis V. Hunt Jr., Robert D. Baker

Forestry Bulletins No. 1-25, 1957-1972

"Mr. L.R. Grosenbaugh (1952) introduced point-sampling to American foresters, citing Mr. W. Bitterlich's earlier work in Europe. Primarily it is, he said, 'A rapid method of sampling tree basal area per acre . . . '"

Using Kelgin To Increase Heat Resistance And Strength Of The Sheet Of Paper Against Prolonged Heating, Jeffrey Atkinson

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this paper has been to examine what properties of sheet strength may be stabilized by the use of kelgin in a size press application and after a subsequent heating period.

A softwood kraft pulp was used because of the strength properties which it possesses. Alkaline sizing with Aquapel and Kymene was felt to be the best because of the alkaline p.H. range which was desired. The sheets were sized with solutions of Kelgin (M .V.) of varying concentrations and treated at 150 and 175 °C. The effects were studied using the M.I .T. Fold Test, the Instron …

A Study Of The Conductivity Of Several Conductive Polymers, Howard W. Renner

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to compare the conductivities of several solutions now in use in producing electroconductive paper. The testing procedure involved the use of a Kiethyl 610 B electrometer with two aluminum discs for conductance through the sheet and two brass strips for conductance across the sheet. Attempts were made to improve the conductance of the solution by the addition of surface agents in the belief that this would lead to better dispersion and thus to better film continuity. No effective method was found to improve the conductivity of a solution of given concentration. Increasing the concentration …

The Effect Of Relative Sediment Volume On Sheet Properties Of Coated Paper, James A. Chalfin

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The degree of dispersion of pigment has been claimed to be an important variable in the determination of sheet properties such as smoothness and gloss. The degree of dispersion of a pigment can be related to relative sediment volume (RSV) by comparison of the solid and void volumes of a clay slip. One school of thought suggests that there is a relation between RSV and coated sheet properties; this relation being, as RSV decreases, smoothness and gloss increase. It was decided that an attempt to relate RSV (degree of dispersion) to optical properties of coated paper could be valuable. Because …

The Effect Of Fiber Length On Tear Strength, Kit Funderburk

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect that fiber length had on the tear strength. Of utmost importance to the results of this study was the elimination or controlling of variables which have appeared in all related studies to date. With this in mind, an experimental procedure was drawn up which would eliminate or control the variables. Long, whole fibers were isolated, formed into handsheets, and dried without having been pressed. The handsheets were then cut in order to reduce the fiber length. Cutting of the fibers was done with a paper cutter and was followed by …

The Effect Of Changing Dryer Temperature On The Gloss Characteristics Of Coated Paper, Dan Kaiser

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this study was to note the effect of varying drying temperatures on the gloss of papers coated with three different coating formulations. The three coatings studied contained Polyvinyl Acetate, a combination of styrene butadiene and casein, and a formula using casein and styrene butadiene as binders in conjunction with a fine particle size clay. Coating applications and drying were accomplished with a Keegan Laboratory Coater.

The results indicated that increasing drying temperatures decreased gloss, and that overdrying increased gloss.

The Affect Of Fiber Length On Wet-Web Rheology, Jeff Lowe

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A spruce bleached kraft pulp was cut to varying degrees in an attempt to determine the influence of fiber length on the rheological properties of the wet-web. The results indicated that greater fiber lengths increased wet-web strength properties. The rheological data implied surface tension as the basic mechanism of strength properties between 16% and 30% solids, and on this data the mechanism of wet-web behavior under stress was proposed.

Effect Of Dispersant On The Centrifugal Dewatering Of A High Ash Primary Clarifier Underflow, George J. Renner

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dispersants on the centrifugal dewatering of a high ash, paper mill, primary clarifier underflow. By using dispersants a higher cake dryness and smaller sludge volume could save the paper industry money.

With this objective in mind, primary deinking sludge samples were defibered and evaluated as to the effect of a dispersant during centrifugal dewatering. The effect of fiber on the dispersants was determined by evaluating sludges with predetermined amounts of fiber fines added prior to centrifugation.

It was found that use of dispersants during centrifugal dewatering resulted in an …

The Effect Of Surface Tension And Viscosity On Wet-Web Strength, Wayne H. Nay

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A study of the effects of surface tension and viscosity on wet-web strength shows that they are related. Hand sheets were made and pressed on the Noble and Wood Sheet Mold. Tests were run on sheets with solids varying from 18 to 28 percent. The Instron Tensile Tester gave more consistant results for wet-web testing than did the Brecht Tester. Carboxy propyl methyl cellulose, a cationic starch, oleic acid, and sodium hydroxide were used to vary the surface tension and viscosity of the entrained water in the web. It was found that as the surface tension was lowered, the wet-web …

Diseases Of Forest Trees And Forest Products, A. F. Verrall

eBooks

No abstract provided.

The Structure Of Germination In Pinus Lambertiana Dougl., Graeme P. Berlyn

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Thermophysical Properties Of Bark Of Shortleaf, Longleaf, And Red Pine, William E. Reifsnyder, Lee P. Herrington, Karl W. Splat

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

The Hamel Nursery, K S. Cole

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A LITTLE known, but highly productive use of irrigation water occurs at the Forestry Department Nursery, Hamel.

Seedlings of trees and shrubs are raised during the summer for sale the following winter.

Sales are made to the farming community and many trees are used by the Forest Department in its reafforestation programmes.

Use Of Trembling Aspen In Pulp And Paper Manufacture, J. L. Keays

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Aspen Site Index In The Rocky Mountains, J.R. Jones

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Growth Media, Temperatures, And Light Intensities On Aspen Root And Top Growth, G.F. Gifford

Aspen Bibliography

Root and top growth of aspen cuttings in three soils (sand, loam, and clay) were studied in a controlled environmental chamber.

Influence Of Growth Media, Temperatures, And Light Intensities On Aspen Root And Top Growth, Gerald F. Gifford

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Notes On Hypoxylon Canker Of Aspen In Alberta, J.A. Baranyay

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Manipulation Of Water Use In An Aspen Forest, John D. Schultz, George B. Coltharp, George E. Hart, Jr., Michael Zan

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Control Of Eucalypt Regrowth, J G. Paterson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

EUCALYPT regrowth has presented a problem to farmers throughout the State for many years.

Some species are checked by heavy grazing although, in the main, this method is far from satisfactory.

Ornamental Trees For The Farm Garden, P Luff

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE need for trees in the farm garden is being realized by many people.

Trees around the homestead are required to give such features as shade, colour, fragrance and many other advantages to generally make an area more livable.

Besides these advantages, trees appear to help smaller plants flourish by increasing the humidity and providing various degrees of shade and sunlight.

Forestry Bulletin No. 12: Pine Seedling Survival And Growth Response To Soils Of The Texas Post-Oak Belt, J. J. Stransky, M. Victor Bilan

Forestry Bulletins No. 1-25, 1957-1972

An analysis of the methods and materials in relation to pine seedling survival, including a section on results and discussion.

The Use Of Cationic Agents To Increase The Efficiency Of Titanium Dioxide In Paper, Richard Clapp

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Handsheets were made with a bleached sulfite pulp, titanium dioxide and cationic agents. The optical properties of these sheets were studied in order to determine and compare the efficiency of the titanium dioxide retained. The cationic agents used in this study were a quaternary ammonium salt, a polyamide, cationic starches made with these two chemicals, and a commercial cationic starch.

When the optical properties of handsheets made from these substances were compared, it was found that the quaternary ammonium salt gave the highest opacity but the lowest retention. The polyamide gave lower opacities but higher retentions. The cationic starches made …

Forestry Bulletin No. 11: Silviculture Of Longleaf Pine, Laurence C. Walker, Harry V. Wiant Jr.

Forestry Bulletins No. 1-25, 1957-1972

A discussion of issues surrounding the management, reproduction and nutrition of the Longleaf Pine.

Effectiveness Of Titanium Dioxide In Beater And Coating Applications, Alptekin Akman

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Titanium dioxide has been used as a filler and coating pigment in the manufacture of paper products for many years. In addition to its ability to make papers whiter and brighter, it is a most important opacifying material.

Since brightness, whiteness, and opacity are very important properties of paper, this report deals with beater applications where the pigment serves to brighten and opacify the sheet with minimum loading or filling, coating applications, and the combination of both. The effectiveness of the titanium dioxide is investigated by testing the coated and the loaded hand sheets for brightness, opacity, and gloss.

Peracetic Acid Pulping Of Aspen Chips, Robert F. Dillman

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Ten cooks were carried out after an acceptable experimental procedure was found.

The brightness obtained was extremely high when compared to conventional cooks. All cooks gave a very low permanganate number. The yield ranged from 60 percent to 54 percent with 58 to 96 percent peracetic acid on the oven dry weight of the chips.

Enzyme Hydrolysis As A Method Of Rendering Casein Adhesives Suitable For Use In High-Solids Paper Coating, Robert E. Julianus

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this study was to explore the use of enzyme conversion as a method of reducing the viscosity of casein without substantially affecting its adhesive strength. By doing so casein could be made applicable for use in high-solids coatings, where both low coating viscosity and high adhesive strength as desirable.

With this objective in mind casein samples were hydrolized to different degrees using enzymes, and the strength and viscosity properties of the adhesive were studied. Coatings were prepared at various solids contents using the converted casein as the coating adhesive. The viscosities of the coatings were measured, and …