Life Sciences Commons^™

The Influence Of Refining Upon Stormer Viscosity Values, Louis Wilhelm

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In this paper the author has attempted to investigate the influence of refining upon Stormer Viscosity readings. The variable controlled were beating time, consistency and temperature.

The instruments used were the Valley Beater, the Stormer Viscometer and the Bauer McNett Fiber Classifier.

Forestry Bulletin No. 10: Texas Pulpwood Production, Nelson T. Samson

Forestry Bulletins No. 1-25, 1957-1972

An analysis by the forestry economist Nelson T. Samson of pulpwood production in Texas, including make-up, output and trends.

Forestry Bulletin No. 8: Soil Moisture And Soil Temperature Under A Post Oak-Shortleaf Pine Stand, G. Schneider, J. J. Stransky

Forestry Bulletins No. 1-25, 1957-1972

"This paper reports moisture and temperature observations in the surface 18 inches of soil under an east Texas post oak (Quercus stellata Wangenh.) - shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stand throughout a 4 year period."

Forestry Bulletin No. 9: Silviculture Of Shortleaf Pine, Laurence C. Walker, Harry V. Wiant Jr

Forestry Bulletins No. 1-25, 1957-1972

"Nowhere is silviculture more intensively practiced than in the southern United States exempt, perhaps, in certain European nations. This is because of the tremendous demands upon the forests for fiber in a region of optimum climatic characteristics for rapid growth of valuable species. In meeting these demands, management instructs its foresters to shift their efforts into high gear."

The Effect Of Variables On The Penetration Of Starch Applied At The Size Press And The Relationship Of Penetration To Strength Properties, Charles H. Durfy

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A sheet internally sized with rosin was impregnated at the size press with starch under varying conditions of temperature, moisture, and speed.

Penetration was studied with a view to final sheet properties. A sliding microtome was used to cross-section the sheets. The sections thus obtained were extracted with hot water and hydrochloric acid. A photocolormetric determination of starch was used utilizing the characteristic starch iodine reaction.

Increased temperature increased the pickup and penetration of starch. Increased moisture of the base paper initially aided pickup and penetration. High moisture tended to be retard pickup and penetration. Increasing machine speed increased pickup …

A Study Of The Efficiency Of Certain Starch-Cationic Resin Complexes, William E. Hellman

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

An attempt is made herein to compare the efficiency of commercially available cationic starches and those prepared in the laboratory using a pearl corn starch and different cationic resins. The efficiency of each is determined through evaluation of the resulting wet-web strength and dry strength tests. Results show that cationic starches can be prepared in the mill and comparable strengths are obtained with their use.

It has long been known that cellulose developes a negative charge from the carboxyl groups when dispersed in water. The same effect is found when starch is diluted in water. Wet end addition of starch …

Peracetic Acid Oxidation Of Lignin Model Compounds, Ron Mckelvey

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Peracetic acid is being used to a limited extent as a bleaching agent for newsprint (1), and to a lesser extent, as a pulping agent, at least at the laboratory level (2). Haas, Schoch, and Ströle (3) report that peracetic acid is an excellent reagent for the preparation of holocellulose from wood. Ogait (4) also found that bleached cellulose could be obtained in 60 to 65% yield from wood and straw by the reaction of peracetic acid at 60 to 80°C. Haney, Martin and Sherk (5), and Poljac (6) have patented methods of oxidizing lignin in wood by peracetic acid. …

Improvement Of Heat Stability Of Paper Made From Sulfite And Kraft Pulps, Robert Perry Lynn

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Paper made from bleached sulphite and sulphate pulps and then treated with sodium alginate and antimony resin solutions show far less physical and chemical degradation with heat than these same papers when not treated with these solutions. Sodium alginate and antimony resins solutions appear to inhibit degradation up to 175C for 45 minutes but are not effective when the papers are heated to 210 C for 45 minutes. The paper made with bleached sulphate pulp and saturated with sodium alginate solution showed an appreciable increase in folding strength when heated at 175C for 45 minutes, which is most unusual.

The …

The Effect Of Drying Conditions On The Surface Properties Of A Commercial Coating, Lowell Henry Livingston

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The air temperatures and velocities were varied in the tunnel dryer of a commercial coater to determine the effects on the coated surface. Laboratory drawdowns were also made using the same coating color and basestock only dried under different conditions. The coated sheets were then tested for IGT, Dennison wax pick, K&N ink receptivity, Smoothness, Scheid and Gloss to determine any relationships between drying rate and suface properties.

The Effect Of The Distance From The Size Press To The First Drier On Sheet Properties, Hugh K. Myers

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

It is the purpose of this thesis to attempt to evaluate the effect of the distance from the size press to the first drier on penetration and sheet properties. At a constant machine speed, this has the same effect as varying the dwell time of the starch on the sheet.

It has been found that an optimum distance or dwell time exists for strength properties, namely, breaking length and burst factor. The effect on air resistance and tear, however, is much greater than the effect on the above. Tear was found to increase 20% with dwell time. Air resistance experienced …

The Influence Of Low Viscosity Shear Of Pigments On Coated Papers Properties, John F. Schmitt

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This paper covers the effect of shear by a sigma blade kneader on the optical properties of a given filler clay. The object was to produce a delaminated clay with an appropriate particle size distribution that would give improved optical properties over the original filler clay and possibly another conventional coating clay at the same particle size distribution as the sheared clay.

The Effects Of Variables On The Penetration And Pickup Of Starch Applied At The Size Press, Leonard O. Eklund

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A literature research is presented concerning the pickup and penetration of starch at the size press. The literature research indicates there is very little quantitative results in this area. The objective of the experimental work is to determine the effect of starch temperature, sheet moisture, and machine speed on the penetration of starch into the sheet. The depth and quantity of penetration was obtained by using a spectrophotometer to determine the concentration of starch in microtomed samples.

The experimental results indicated that increased temperature of starch solutions and increased machine speeds increases penetration. Penetration also increases with increasing moisture content …

The Effect Of Infrared Drying Rates On The Optical Properties Of Starch-Clay Coatings, Ray Ludwa

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of varying rates of infrared drying on a starch-clay coated sheet, in-so-far as optical properties are concerned. Gloss may be increased by drying the coated side of the sheet, while brightness and opacity show decreases. There is an optimum rate of drying for a starch-clay coated sheet. Metal surfaces under a coated sheet being dried with infrared radiation materially effects the optical properties.

Forestry Bulletin No. 13: Directory Of Wood-Using And Related Industries In East Texas, 1966, Nelson T. Samson

Forestry Bulletins No. 1-25, 1957-1972

"This special directory will serve as a supplement to the Directory of Texas Manufacturers published annually by the Bureau of Business Research."

The Effect Of High Velocity Shear On Coating Properties, Richard Wilhelm

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The chief reason for this work was to investigate the effect of a high velocity shear imparted to a NoKarb clay by a Cowles Dissolver at 5600 rpm.

After 12-hour shearing period drawdowns were made of both the sheared and unsheared clays. Comparisons were then made with respect to brightness, opacity, gloss, Bekk Smoothness, Dennison Wax pick, and K and N Ink Holdout using a starch and a styrene butadiene adhesive.

Trees Of Western Australia, Charles Austin Gardner

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

It is not desirable to give locality names to plants unless their range is fully underwood.

Such names can be very misleading.

Thr following is an illistrated discussion of the identification of five Western Australian trees.

Ammonium Nitrate Blasting Agent (Anfo) For Land Clearing, G A. Greaves

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The introduction of "prilled" AN has revolutionised explosives practice and made possible safer and cheaper methods of blasting.

This article outlines the methods of handling and using ANFO blasting agent for land clearing.

A Site Index Table For Aspen [Populus Tremuloides] In The Southern And Central Rocky Mountains, John R. Jones

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Antibiotic Tests On Western Gall Rust And Aspen Cankers, Thomas E. Hinds, R.S. Peterson

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

An Ecological Study Of Aspen Forest Communities, Kimball T. Harper

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Fire On Aspen, K. W. Horton, E. J. Hopkins

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Review Of Silvicultural Research: White Spruce And Trembling Aspen Cover Types, Mixedwood Forest Section, Boreal Forest Region, Alberta-Saskatchewan-Manitoba, J. M. Jarvis, G. A. Steneker, R. M. Waldron, J. C. Lees

Aspen Bibliography

The Department of Forestry has been carrying on silvicultural research in the white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) cover types in the Mixedwood Forest Section of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba for about 40 years. Because of the needs of industry most of this research has been focused on spruce, and only as small portion on aspen. Much of the research is concerned with basic problems and the findings in one area may be applied directly or with minor modification throughout the entire Mixedwood Forest Section. Only a minor part of the total …

Time Discounting By Certain Forest Landowners, Donald F. Flora

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Lucille Vinyard Field Notes Summer 1966, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

The Galvanic Cell Oxygen Analyzer Vs. The Winkler Method For Oxygen Determinations In Paper Mill Wastes, Edwin J. Grossenbacher

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This study was designed to verify the assumption that the galvanic cell oxygen analyser can be used as a substitute for the Winkler method in determining the dissolved oxygen content of paper mill effluent. The purpose also includes an attempt to show that dissolved oxygen determinations made by either the Winkler method or by the galvanic cell oxygen analyser are of the same magnitude and can be compared directly. The assumption that this is possible has been based upon extensive tests on solutions containing various spent sulfite liquor wastes at various concentrations. These tests show that the electrode measurements are …

The Effect Of Fines On Relative Bonded Area, Richard G. Bowler

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Bonding characteristics of the fibers in a sheet of paper have long been, and still are, difficult to isolate in a manner which will give exact quantitative information on the degree or bonding. It is possible to indicate with strength tests different levels or bonding. Other factors -- fiber strength, fiber length, cell wall thickness, etc.,-- also enter into values obtained in these tests and make the assignment of exact meaning to bonding impossible. The subject of a major port of this literature search deals with measurement of another bonding characteristics, relative bonded area or simply bonded area. This again …

The Breeding Population Of Waterfowl On The Chippewa National Forest, John Mathiesen

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is to describe the characteristics of the breeding waterfowl population on the Chippewa National Forest in north central Minnesota.

A Study Of The Ferric-Tartrate Complex In Alkaline Solution, Wade J. Adams

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

For a number of years, the study of hydrodynamic behavior of cellulose has been limited by the lack of a solvent capable of dissolving this high polymer without degrading its degree of polymerization. The consequence of the degradation is the marked change in the properties of the cellulose molecule in solution. Investigations to improve this problem have generally taken two directions.

The first involves the substitution of derivatives on the reactive alcoholic sites of the molecule (substitution method). This allows the molecule to be dissolved, in appropriate solvents, without degradation during dissolution.

The second involved the search for compounds …

Brightness Improvement During Cold Soda Pulping, Harry Pratley

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

I. Introduction

During cold soda pulping, sodium hydroxide reacts with the lignin-carbohydrate complex to form soluble sodium lignate, and the carbohydrates are made soluble by hydrolysis (17). This lignin reaction, however, occurs only after a major portion of the caustic soda has been consumed in neutralizing the readily available acetyl and methoxyl groups and in hemicellulose dissolution. After the pulping process, the high-yield cold soda hardwood pulps exhibit a brown discoloration. A microscopic examination of the woods from which these pulps were produced (21) revealed that the brown discoloration was due to materials located in the cells of the wood. …

Increasing Sheet Strength By Partial Carboxymethylation, Curt Thies

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this thesis was to increase sheet strength by partial carboxymethylation of cellulose fibers. A survey of literature disclosed the fact this had been done

in an alcoholic solution. An experimental procedure of partially carboxymethylating individual fibers in an aqueous solution was developed. It did not increase sheet strength and a second procedure was developed. In this method formed sheets were subjected to a carboxymethylation treatment. An evaluation of test data led to the following conclusions:

1. Dry and wet strength increases were obtained by treating a sheet with caustic.
2. The carboxymethylation procedure did not increase sheet strength, but …