Life Sciences Commons^™

Asparagus (Asparagus Officinalis L.) Root Distribution: Cultivar Differences In Mature Plantings, Daniel Drost

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Annual plant growth patterns and seasonal conditions have both been shown to influence asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) root development over time. Root biomass and distribution changes in mature asparagus cultivars are herein illustrated and described. Asparagus root length density and biomass were estimated from soil cores using a systematic field sampling approach each spring. Soil cores (0.9 m deep) were divided into 0.15 m lengths and fleshy roots collected from the soil. Root length density and dry weights were determined and root distribution maps generated from collected data. As asparagus plantings matured, the sampling year had a significant influence …

Ranchsatdb: A Genome-Wide Simple Sequence Repeat (Ssr) Markers Database Of Livestock Species For Mutant Germplasm Characterization And Improving Farm Animal Health, Naveen Duhan, Simardeep Kaur, Rakesh Kaundal

Plants, Soils and Climate Student Research

Microsatellites, also known as simple sequence repeats (SSRs), are polymorphic loci that play an important role in genome research, animal breeding, and disease control. Ranch animals are important components of agricultural landscape. The ranch animal SSR database, ranchSATdb, is a web resource which contains 15,520,263 putative SSR markers. This database provides a comprehensive tool for performing end-to-end marker selection, from SSRs prediction to generating marker primers and their cross-species feasibility, visualization of the resulting markers, and finding similarities between the genomic repeat sequences all in one place without the need to switch between other resources. The user-friendly online interface …

Reduced Chelate Strength Increases Iron Bioavailability For Monocots In Hydroponic Culture, Paul Kusuma, Bruce Bugbee

Hydroponics/Soilless Media

Hydroponically grown corn (Zea mays) is highly susceptible to Fe-chlorosis. Iron (Fe) is essential for chlorophyll synthesis. Metals bound to chelates have reduced bioavailability (activity) compared to free ions.

Pasture Management To Improve Dry Matter Intake, Marcus F. Rose, Earl Creech, Blair L. Waldron, S. Clay Isom, Michael Peel, Kara Thornton-Kurth, Jacob Hadfield, Kerry A. Rood

All Current Publications

Agricultural producers are constantly looking for ways to maximize returns while reducing input costs. On dairy operations, a move from confinement feeding to pasture grazing offers the potential to reduce costs associated with harvest and storage of feed. In such a transition, producers sometimes report a decline in milk production and growth of livestock—both of which can strongly correlate to dry matter intake. Fortunately, dry matter intake is something that can be influenced by management practices. In this publication, we discuss the pasture management practices to improve dry matter intake.

Genetic Characterization And Genome-Wide Association Mapping For Dwarf Bunt Resistance In Bread Wheat Accessions From The Usda National Small Grains Collection, Tyler Gordon, Rui Wang, David Hole, Harold Bockelman, J. Michael Bonman, Jianli Chen

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Key message

Dwarf bunt-resistant bread wheat accessions and SNP markers associated with DB resistance identified in this study are valuable resources for characterization and deployment of DB resistance in bread wheat.

Abstract

Dwarf bunt (DB), caused by Tilletia controversa J.G. Kühn, can significantly reduce grain yield and quality on autumn-sown wheat in regions with prolonged snow cover. DB can be managed with the use of resistant cultivars. The objectives of the present study were to characterize DB resistance in a large set of bread wheat accessions from the National Small Grains Collection and use a genome-wide association study approach to …

Urban Agriculture And Small Farm Water Use: Case Studies And Trends From Cache Valley, Utah, Tyler Pratt, L. Niel Allen, David E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Keller, Kelly Kopp

Publications

The landscape of water in Utah is changing due to population growth, conversion of agricultural land to urban development, and increasing awareness of water scarcity. At the same time, Utah is experiencing a growing number of urban and small farms, but knowledge of water use in this sector is limited. Better understanding of what occurs at the field level on urban and small farms can aid state water use estimates and conservation efforts, and assist farmers in moving towards wiser water management. For the 2015 growing season, we performed irrigation evaluations for 24 urban and small farms in Cache Valley, …

Influence Of Harvest Date On Seed Yield And Quality In Forage Kochia, Cody F. Creech, Blair L. Waldron, Corey V. Ransom, Dale R. Zobell, Joseph Earl Creech

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Forage kochia (Bassia prostrata) is used for rangeland reclamation and livestock and wildlife forage, but limited research has been conducted on its seed production. Therefore, this research evaluated the effect of harvest date on seed weight, germination, and seed yield of forage kochia subspecies virescens and grisea. Seed was harvested from individual plants for 3 years during October, November, and December. October harvest had the lightest 100-seed weights, with the November harvest slightly heavier than December, for most accessions. Cultivar Snowstorm and breeding line Sahsel, both subsp. grisea, had the greatest 100-seed weights in November, 155 …

Evaluating Strategies For Sustainable Intensification Of Us Agriculture Through The Long-Term Agroecosystem Research Network, Sheri Spiegal, Brandon T. Bestelmeyer, David W. Archer, David J. Augustine, Elizabeth H. Boughton, Raoul Keith Boughton, Michel A. Cavigelli, Patrick E. Clark, Justin D. Derner, Emily W. Duncan, Cathleen J. Hapeman, R. Daren Harmel, Philip Heilman, Michael A. Holly, David R. Huggins, Kevin W. King, Peter A. Kleinman, Mark A. Liebig, Martin A. Locke, Gregory W. Mccarty, Neville Millar, Steven B. Mirsky, Thomas B. Moorman, Frederick B. Pierson, James R. Rigby, G. Philip Robertson, Jean L. Steiner, Timothy C. Strickland, Hilary M. Swain, Brian J. Wienhold, J.D. Wulfhorst, Matt A. Yost, Charles L. Walthall

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Sustainable intensification is an emerging model for agriculture designed to reconcile accelerating global demand for agricultural products with long-term environmental stewardship. Defined here as increasing agricultural production while maintaining or improving environmental quality, sustainable intensification hinges upon decision-making by agricultural producers, consumers, and policy-makers. The Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network was established to inform these decisions. Here we introduce the LTAR Common Experiment, through which scientists and partnering producers in US croplands, rangelands, and pasturelands are conducting 21 independent but coordinated experiments. Each local effort compares the outcomes of a predominant, conventional production system in the region ('business as usual') …

Compost Carryover: Nitrogen Phosphorous And Ft-Ir Analysis Of Soil Organic Matter, Dave J. R. Olsen, Jeffrey B. Endelman, Astrid R. Jacobson, Jennifer R. Reeve

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Compost plays a central role in organic soil fertility plans but is bulky and costly to apply. Determining compost carryover is therefore important for cost-effective soil fertility planning. This study investigated two aspects of nutritive carryover [nitrogen and phosphorus (P)], and an indicator of non-nutritive carryover [soil organic matter (SOM)] to determine the residual effect of a one-time compost application applied at four rates in a corn-squash rotation. Crop yield was measured as an integrated carryover indicator of nutritive and non-nutritive effects. Functional groups of compost and SOM were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy and soil organic carbon (SOC). While year …

Damping-Off, Claudia Nischwitz

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

The Fundamentals Of Nutrient Management, Rhonda Miller, Clark Israelsen, Jim Bowcutt, Neils Hansen

All Current Publications

This publication gives best management practices of nutrient management in livestock and dairy facilities.

First Report Of Two Curtoviruses In Spinach And Common Beet In Arizona, Claudia Nischwitz

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

Vegetable Exhibits At Fairs And Shows, John Wesley, Maggie Wolf

All Current Publications

This publication gives tips on how to choose the best produce for vegetable exhibits and what the judges are looking for in the displays.

Small Pasture Management Guide, James Barnhill, Scott Mckendrick

All Archived Publications

As more people select rural settings for their homes, traditional farms are being divided into small acreage home lots. Many small acreage owners would like to have lush green pastures where they can raise horses, cattle, or sheep. The purpose of this booklet is to provide the educational guidance these owners need to successfully establish and maintain a healthy grazing system.

Nitrogen Source And Application Method: Does It Matter?, Gilbert D. Miller, Jay C. Andersen

Archived Natural Resources Publications

Irrigation management has a greater effect on the amount of nitrate that is leached out of the root one than does the type of nitrogen applied.

Bulletin No. 386 - Production Of Lettuce Seed As Affected By Soil Moisture And Fertility, Leslie R. Hawthorn, Leonard H. Polland

UAES Bulletins

Much of the lettuce seed produced in the United States is grown under irrigation in various western states. Few studies have been made to determine the extent to which yields of seed are influenced by soil moisture and other cultural conditions. Crops have been irrigated mostly on the basis of local practices and the general experience of the grower. Recent studies in Utah (Hawthorn 1951) showed rather conclusively that carrot and onion seed crops grown side by side under the same climatic conditions differ widely in their response to soil moisture. High seed yields were obtained from carrots grown under …

Bulletin No. 385 - Comparitive Nutritive Value And Palatability Of Some Introduced And Native Forage Plants For Spring And Summer Grazing, C. Wayne Cook, L. A. Stoddart, Lorin E. Harris

UAES Bulletins

From 1952 to 1954 studies were conducted on foothill ranges of central Utah to determine the forage production, palatability, and nutritive value of some of the more important native and introduced species used for spring and summer grazing.

Plants studied were four introduced wheatgrasses (crested, tall, pubescent, and intermediate) , four native grasses (western wheatgrass, beardless wheatgrass, squirreltail grass, and Indian ricegrass), and two introduced annual forbs (Russian-thistle, and smother weed).

Field digestibility trials were conducted to determine the nutrient content by the lignin-ratio technique. In addition, both sheep and cattle preferences were studied on areas where both introduced and …

Bulletin No. 381 - The Organization And Structure Of Egg Marketing In Utah, Roice H. Anderson

UAES Bulletins

Sale of eggs is one of the major sources of farm income in Utah. In 1954 egg receipts represented 8 percent of the farm cash income. This was the lowest percentage since 1929; receipts reached a high of 13 percent in 1935.

The relative importance of egg production doubled from 1924 to 1929 when the proportion of cash farm income from eggs increased from 4 to 9 percent. Since 1929 it has fluctuated without apparent trend. The percentage of cash income from eggs was high in years when egg prices were high relative to the other agricultural products and low …

Bulletin No. 382 - Grass-Legume Mixtures For Irrigated Pastures For Dairy Cows, George Q. Bateman, Wesley Keller

UAES Bulletins

Pastures have been important in the agricultural economy of the Intermountain Region. But as long as nearby valley bottom or other land not well suited for cultivation was available, the pressure for better irrigated pastures remained secondary to that for improved cash crops.
Only in recent years have dairymen generally realized that a productive herd, coupled with proper management, could make a good pasture a highly profitable crop. Bateman and Packer pointed out in 1945 this concept of pastures. Bateman et al. using newer mixtures strikingly verified the concept in 1949 and 1954. The growing awareness of the value …

Bulletin No. 380 - Feed Lot Fattening Of Cattle In Utah, 1953-54, Lynn H. Davis

UAES Bulletins

This publication has been prepared for your use. It is not intended that the average presented here will represent your farm exactly, but the information will be useful to you in planning your fattening enterprise for greater profit.

The information reported is based on interview with 103 feedlot operator who fattened cattle during the 1953-54 feeding year. The operators fed an average of 57 head for a 133 day feeding period. The cattle were steers and heifers of pr dominantly Hereford breeding. They gained a total of 279 pound in the feedlot at an average daily rate of 2.1 pounds. …

Bulletin No. 384 - Virus And Viruslike Diseases Of Stone Fruits In Utah: A Handbook For Their Identification And Control, B. L. Richards, L. C. Cochran

UAES Bulletins

Intensive research over the last 20 years has shown that many of the previously unexplained and seemingly mysterious disorders of stone fruit trees in Utah are infectious diseases caused by viruses. Others were shown to be the result of noninfectious genetic abnormalities or of adverse chemical and physical factors in the environment of the plant. The purpose of this handbook is to help orchardists and others recognize these diseases and disorders and understand better their etiology or cause. The handbook will also bring together basic information which will aid in their control.

Bulletin No. 383 - Cooperative Nutritional Status Studies In The Western Region: I. Nutrient Intake, Ethelwyn B. Wilcox, Helen L. Gillum, Margaret M. Hard

UAES Bulletins

In 1947, a concerted study of the nutritional status of selected population groups was initiated in the western region of the United States. Previous dietary surveys had indicated that substantial portions of the country's population were consuming lower than recommended levels of essential nutrients. Deficiency diseases that may have nutritional background, such as dental caries, anemia, and rickets, existed. Investigators reported subclinical signs of malnutrition in several areas. Few studies had been made in the West, although reports of high incidence of dental caries and suspected undernutrition had come from several western states. The regional committee thought it evident that …

Bulletin No. 387 - Evaluation Of Sprinkler Irrigation Systems In Northern Utah, Jay M. Bagley, Wayne D. Criddle

UAES Bulletins

Following the availability of lightweight aluminum tubing in quantity, irrigation by sprinkling has expanded rapidly in the United States as well as other areas of the world. Quick couplers, better pumps, and more dependable power units and power supplies have also contributed to the increased use of sprinkler irrigation. Future land developments will probably be more favorable to sprinkler irrigation since many of the areas best suited for surface irrigation have already been developed. Sprinkler irrigation can be an efficient way of applying water, and as water supply becomes more and more a limiting factor, more efficient methods for its …

Bulletin No. 379 - Biology And Control Of The Peach Twig Borer (Anarsia Lineatella Zeller) In Utah, Charles J. Sorenson, Farrell H. Gunnell

UAES Bulletins

The peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella Zeller, sometimes called the peach worm, annually damages peach, apricot, nectarine, prune, and plum orchards in Utah. Many buds and twig terminals are destroyed each spring by the overwintered generation of partially grown larvae. These emerge from their winter quarters almost as soon as host trees begin their spring growth. From the time the fruit becomes about half grown until it is harvested, later generations of twig-borer larvae feed on it causing irregular, gummy cavities which make it unfit for market.

In order to work out a control program for any insect, its life …

Bulletin No. 378 - Labor Structure And Labor Problems: Utah Sheep Ranches, 1952-1953, William A. Dehart, William H. Metzler

UAES Bulletins

This study deals with the problem sheep ranchers have in recruiting workers to meet their labor needs. Consideration is given to the composition of the work force on sheep ranches, to wages, the amount and causes of labor turnover, and to ways to reduce turnover. Labor recruitment practices are also discussed and evaluated in terms of available sources of farm labor, the possibilities of maintaining a stable supply, and the effect of farm labor problems on recent changes in the operations of sheep ranch enterprises. The primary focus of attention is on regular hired labor on Utah sheep ranches, although …

Bulletin No. 377 - Performance Testing Studies With Beef Cattle, James A. Bennett, Doyle J. Matthews

UAES Bulletins

The goal in beef cattle breeding is the production of animals that make rapid and efficient gains and have desirable conformation. Performance testing has recently been advanced as a means of identifying individuals possessing superior productive qualities and as a means of evaluating sires for transmitting these qualities to their offspring. This report gives the results of performance tests conducted with Hereford and Shorthorn calves fed over a constant time period as well as the results of a supplemental study undertaken to gain information that might add refinement to the evaluation of gains in beef cattle.

Bulletin No. 376 - Potato Production, Utah 1953: An Economic Analysis, E. M. Morrison, W. G. Kearl

UAES Bulletins

The potato enterprise is important in providing a cash crop and a means of diversifying and intensifying the operations on many of Utah's irrigated farms. It is particularly important in those areas where, because of short growing season or inadequate markets, other intensive crops cannot be produced economically.

Potatoes have accounted for around 2.5 percent of the total cash farm income and around 10 percent of the cash farm income from crop sales over the past several years. The gross value of the crop has been between four and five million dollars in 8 of the last 12 years from …

Bulletin No. 375 - Eradication Of Mule Ear With Herbicides And Its Relation To Production Of Forage On Range Lands, D. C. Tingey, C. Wayne Cook

UAES Bulletins

Mule ear (Wyethia amplexicaulis) , also known as green dock and black sunflower, is a tufted perennial with smooth waxy leaves and a thick woody taproot. It reproduces only by seed, yet it is aggressive, and once it becomes established it is highly competitive.

Cattle seldom eat mule ear when other forage is available; however, sheep eat the heads when in full bloom and occasionally consume a small quantity of the young leaves before they completely unfold. Since mule ear is relatively unpalatable, it increases in density with continued heavy use of the range and in some cases …

Bulletin No. 374 - Fertilizer Reuirements Of Alfalfa Hay In Utah, R. F. Nielson, J. P. Thorne, G. T. Baird

UAES Bulletins

This bulletin is a report of one phase of research in agronomy. What is agronomy? Agronomy is the science of crop production and soil management and includes a scientific study of all phases of soils and soil conservation, irrigation practices, fertilizer usage, crop rotations, plant breeding, selection and management of new crop varieties, weed control, and other practices that lead to increased production of better quality crops.

Bulletin No. 373 - Biennial Report Of The Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, 1952-1954

UAES Bulletins

Our way of life is based on the ability of our agriculture to produce abundantly, efficiently, and at a low cost; and the position of agriculture today is largely a result of the research efforts of the state agricultural experiment stations and the United States Department of Agriculture. In the 66 years since the establishment of the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, its scientists have found solutions to many of the problems peculiar to its location, topography, and climate. It is logical to rely on these same research forces to solve the problems of the future.

During the past biennium a …