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Intellectual Property Law Commons™

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Marquette University Law School

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Articles 331 - 360 of 385

Full-Text Articles in Intellectual Property Law

Keywords, Trademarks, And The Gray Market: Why The Use Is Not Fair, Lisa A. Nester Jan 2003

Keywords, Trademarks, And The Gray Market: Why The Use Is Not Fair, Lisa A. Nester

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

This Comment analyzes the escalating effects of Internet banner ads and gray marketers on trademark owners' ability to control the use and sale of their marks as keywords and metatags. To unify these concepts, Ms. Nester utilizes the facts behind a suit filed by Estee Lauder, Inc. against an Internet fragrance retailer and an Internet search engine. The suit alleged trademark infringement and unfair competition, among other things, for the Internet entities' unauthorized uses of Estee Lauder's registered trademarks in fragrances. The author explores the facilitating and enabling effect of the Internet on gray market, or parallel importation, activity, such …

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Tailoring Patent Policy To Specific Industries, Dan L. Burk Jan 2003

Tailoring Patent Policy To Specific Industries, Dan L. Burk

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

Mr. Burk illustrates that federal courts have diverged along industry-specific paths when deciding patent cases. Burk highlights courts' disparate treatment of the biotechnology and computer software industries within the uniform patent statute. Due to industries' differing requirements for innovation and development, Professor Burk argues that the currently general patent statute and its incentive to innovate may be improved by tailoring it to specific industries. Burk creates a dialogue on what kinds of statutory schemes promote innovation. Citing the Supreme Court's statement in Diamond v. Chakrabarty that the patent statute is meant to cover anything under the sun made by man, …

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The Role Of Intellectual Property Rights In Negotiating And Planning A Research Joint Venture, Kurt M. Saunders Jan 2003

The Role Of Intellectual Property Rights In Negotiating And Planning A Research Joint Venture, Kurt M. Saunders

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

This Article considers the role of intellectual property rights in research joint ventures. Professor Saunders begins by outlining the various advantages of pursuing research in a joint venture business form, including the sharing of expertise and investment costs. The author identifies and elucidates the intellectual property issues, as well as related licensing and antitrust implications, that arise in the joint venture context. Most notably, Saunders articulates the different intellectual property concerns that surface at each separate stage-from negotiation and planning, to termination of the collaboration.

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A Role For The Business Attorney In The Twenty-First Century: Adding Value To The Client's Enterprise In The Knowledge Economy, Peter J. Gardner Jan 2003

A Role For The Business Attorney In The Twenty-First Century: Adding Value To The Client's Enterprise In The Knowledge Economy, Peter J. Gardner

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

Mr. Gardner explores the evolving role of business lawyers in the knowledge economy and explains how they must add value to clients' business endeavors. Intellectual property law is the central legal framework through which the business attorney will meet increasingly sophisticated client expectations. The attorney's value-adding service will enable the client to make better business decisions based on the attorney's analysis of the innovative opportunities available to the client. Gardner focuses on several evolving influences on the practice of law that will challenge the profession, such as globalization of commerce; multidisciplinary practice; commoditization of legal services; increased sophistication of clients; …

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Stemming The Stem Cell Setback, Patrick J. Fleis Jan 2003

Stemming The Stem Cell Setback, Patrick J. Fleis

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

This Comment highlights the recent federal funding setbacks in the biotechnology industry and considers the resulting challenges to future research collaboration. After providing a historical background to stem cell technology, Mr. Fleis examines the passionately opposed public responses to the technology's use of embryos and to its future applications. Fleis continues by noting past legislative initiatives that have accelerated the ease of patenting biotechnology and research findings in general. The Comment addresses several possible solutions to the tension between limited government funding and continued stem cell research, such as the adoption of a more relaxed experimental use standard. Stem cell …

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Table Of Contents Jan 2003

Table Of Contents

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

None.

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Comments On Cyber Copyright Disputes In The People's Republic Of China: Maintaining The Status Quo While Expanding The Doctrine Of Profit-Making Purposes, Wei Yanliang, Feng Xiaoqing Jan 2003

Comments On Cyber Copyright Disputes In The People's Republic Of China: Maintaining The Status Quo While Expanding The Doctrine Of Profit-Making Purposes, Wei Yanliang, Feng Xiaoqing

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

This Article addresses the status of cyber copyright disputes in the People's Republic of China with an inside view of the government's influence and control over copyrighted works. Examining cyber copyright case law, the authors seek to answer the question of whether China's 2001 Copyright Law will lead to an increase in royalty payments under a fair distribution system. The need for equitable, consistent enforcement is pressing, as the proliferation of copyrighted material through mobile phone and Internet use is rapidly increasing. In China, all current-affairs news first flows through state-run news organizations. Thus, in order to post the news, …

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High Court Takes Right Turn In Traffix, But Stops Short Of The Finish Line: An Economic Critique Of Trade Dress Protection For Product Configuration, Timothy M. Barber Jan 2003

High Court Takes Right Turn In Traffix, But Stops Short Of The Finish Line: An Economic Critique Of Trade Dress Protection For Product Configuration, Timothy M. Barber

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

Mr. Barber examines the Supreme Court's recent treatment of trade dress protection for product configuration, also referred to as product design. Although the Wal-Mart and TrafFix decisions have begun to limit product configuration protection under trademark law, the high court should have gone further and eliminated product configuration protection, due to its monopolistic and anti-competitive effects. The Comment explores the history and effectiveness of the functionality doctrine, which attempts to resolve the conflict between patent and trademark law over protecting useful product designs. Since what constitutes a functional feature is not easily discerned, the doctrine fails to prevent firms from …

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Quo Vadis?, Arthur J. Gajarsa Jan 2002

Quo Vadis?, Arthur J. Gajarsa

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

At the Fifth Annual Honorable Helen Wilson Nies Memorial Lecture in Intellectual Property, held by Marquette University Law School on April 22, 2002, the Honorable Arthur J. Gajarsa delivered a speech entitled "Quo Vadis?" or "Where goest thou?" After articulating the strides made in intellectual property law over the past 20 years, Judge Gajarsa proposed and explained three technical areas where the court may see the most action over the next 20 years: (1) software and business methods; (2) biotechnology; and (3) nanotechnology.

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Harmonizing Scope And Allocation Of Patent Rights In Europe - Towards A New European Patent Law, Christopher Heath Jan 2002

Harmonizing Scope And Allocation Of Patent Rights In Europe - Towards A New European Patent Law, Christopher Heath

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

A rise in European Patent litigation has increased awareness of patent enforcement and its difficulty given the lack of harmony between the European Patent Convention (EPC) and the European Community (Community) patent laws. The EPC and the Community have both attempted to harmonize certain aspects of their patent laws. In 1999, the EPC Member States developed four options for structuring a European system of patent enforcement. In 2000, the Community developed its regulation system known as the Community Patent Regulation. The author believes that the two proposals are great attempts but fail to address two key aspects: (1) the allocation …

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Understanding The Impact Of The Digital Millennium Copyright Act On The Open Source Model Of Software Development, Theodore C. Mccullough Jan 2002

Understanding The Impact Of The Digital Millennium Copyright Act On The Open Source Model Of Software Development, Theodore C. Mccullough

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

Mr. McCullough discusses the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), and the traditional and open source models of software development. He argues that the "DMCA supports the 'Traditional Model' of software development, at the expense of the 'Open Source Model,' by limiting the ability of open source developers to write programs that increase interoperability and by limiting their ability to engage in peer review for such programs." He also discusses the competing interpretations of the Reverse Engineering Safe Harbor and proposes statutory solutions to the overall lack of protection afforded to software developers using copyrightable materials to promote interoperability.

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"Originality" After The Dead Sea Scrolls Decision: Implications For The American Law Of Copyright, Urzula Tempska Jan 2002

"Originality" After The Dead Sea Scrolls Decision: Implications For The American Law Of Copyright, Urzula Tempska

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

Ms. Tempska examines the Israel Supreme Court's ruling on August 31, 2002 regarding reconstruction and copyright infringement of the Dead Sea Scrolls. She reviews the copyrightability doctrine and its possible misapplications, illustrates the reconstruction process of the text involving the Dead Sea Scrolls, and describes the legal arguments and procedure of the Dead Sea Scrolls case. Tempska concludes that: 1) the arguments opposing copyright protection fail because they gloss over the facts of the reconstruction process and disregard the originality requirement for copyrightability under United States law; 2) the Israeli court's copyrightability analyses adequately accounted for the creative process, the …

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Trademark Exhaustion In The European Union: Community-Wide Or International? The Saga Continues, Irene Calboli Jan 2002

Trademark Exhaustion In The European Union: Community-Wide Or International? The Saga Continues, Irene Calboli

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

Dr. Calboli discusses trademark exhaustion in the European Union. She proposes an international exhaustion standard to replace the community-wide exhaustion standard. In an international system, a trademark owner would exhaust his rights in other national jurisdictions when trademarked goods are placed on the market in any national jurisdiction where the trademark owner enjoys protection. Accordingly, the trademark owner will not be free to prevent international importation of genuine products bearing his trademark. Dr. Calboli describes the development of the community-wide exhaustion standard and its interpretative problems as part of the Trademark Directive. She then proposes changing to an international exhaustion …

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Icann't Do It Alone: The Internet Corporation For Assigned Names And Numbers And Content-Based Problems On The Internet, Peter T. Holsen Jan 2002

Icann't Do It Alone: The Internet Corporation For Assigned Names And Numbers And Content-Based Problems On The Internet, Peter T. Holsen

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

Mr. Holsen discusses the history and development of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), which is a non-profit corporation that privately manages the Internet. He asserts that United States law does not properly support ICANN in its mission to solve the complex problems facing the Internet. One of the most important issues facing the Internet is the fact that adult-orientated materials are commonly and easily accessed by young children. Mr. Holsen feels that Congress needs to set standards by which ICANN can better categorize the adult materials on the Internet, but at the same time not infringe …

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Will The United States Take The Plunge Into Global Patent Law Harmonization? A Discussion Of The United States' Past, Present, And Future Harmonization Efforts., Anneliese M. Seifert Jan 2002

Will The United States Take The Plunge Into Global Patent Law Harmonization? A Discussion Of The United States' Past, Present, And Future Harmonization Efforts., Anneliese M. Seifert

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

Ms. Seifert discusses the factors that shape harmonization of a global patent law system. She touches on how the philosophical differences of the United States, Japanese, and European patent systems have created difficulty in establishing a cohesive patent law system. The author then discusses international harmonization efforts such as WIPO and TRIPs and national patent law changes, such as the eighteen-month publication period created under the American Inventors Protection Act. In conclusion, the author discusses the future of patent harmonization, suggesting the need for a global, uniform method of patent interpretation for meaningful harmonization.

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Table Of Contents Jan 2002

Table Of Contents

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

None.

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Table Of Contents Jan 2001

Table Of Contents

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

None.

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The Trademark Registration System In Japan: A Firsthand Review And Exposition , Masaya Suzuki Jan 2001

The Trademark Registration System In Japan: A Firsthand Review And Exposition , Masaya Suzuki

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

One current topic of trademark law that has become a major issue in recent years is foreign trademark rights. The business world is shrinking, and large international outfits need to protect the goodwill in their trademarks on a global scale. The key to gaining international trademark rights is in understanding foreign countries' trademark systems. Masaya Suzuki, a trademark examiner in the Japanese Patent Office, offers insight to the Japanese trademark system. Mr. Suzuki provides a history of Japanese trademark law and rationales for the current system. He explains the workings of the system on a step-by-step basis giving the structure …

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The United States Court Of Appeals For The Federal Circuit: The Promise And Perils Of A Court Of Limited Jurisdiction , Randall R. Rader Jan 2001

The United States Court Of Appeals For The Federal Circuit: The Promise And Perils Of A Court Of Limited Jurisdiction , Randall R. Rader

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

Honorable Randall Rader, of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit discusses current criticisms of the Federal Circuit and the speed of which the Circuit sets precedent. Before addressing these issues, Judge Rader posits a belief that the standard by which the Circuit is being judged is incorrect. Judge Rader's speech gives a foundation by which a correct standard should be exacted, examples of the current atmosphere leading to the precedents being set, and generally addresses why the Federal Circuit is fundamentally unique from other jurisdictions.

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Source Code Escrow: An Exercise In Futility?, Jonathan L. Mezrich Jan 2001

Source Code Escrow: An Exercise In Futility?, Jonathan L. Mezrich

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

Jonathan Mezrich argues that as businesses become more dependent upon computer software, they will also seek a means of protection for their investment in the software they purchase. Currently, a popular means of protection is through source code escrow. However, despite the current popularity of escrow accounts, Mr. Mezrich writes that these mechanisms may in fact not actually be necessary. He focuses on several key points that demonstrate this point including the life of the protected software, infrequency of escrow releases, and the move to open source applications. He also examines deficiencies of confidentiality, limited liability and indemnity as they …

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Give The Smaller Players A Chance: Shaping The Digital Economy Through Antitrust And Copyright Law, Douglas L. Rogers Jan 2001

Give The Smaller Players A Chance: Shaping The Digital Economy Through Antitrust And Copyright Law, Douglas L. Rogers

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

In this article, Mr. Rogers examines the tension in the digital world between the application of (a) antitrust law, which promotes competition and (b) copyright law, which limits competition in order to promote progress in science and art. He reviews the prohibitions against the exercise of monopoly power in section 2 of the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C.) and proposes a test for anti-competitive conduct that includes close scrutiny of the contract restrictions and marketing practices of those that have significant market power. Arguing that product design decisions are not immune from antitrust review, he proposes examining alleged efficiency justifications for …

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Measuring Fame: The Use Of Empirical Evidence In Dilution Actions , Adam Omar Shanti Jan 2001

Measuring Fame: The Use Of Empirical Evidence In Dilution Actions , Adam Omar Shanti

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

Adam Omar Shanti explores the concepts of dilution and famousness under Trademark Law. Dilution is a protection afforded "famous" trademarks by the Lanham Act. In essence, it prevents the usage of marks on dissimilar items that resemble a famous mark to prevent the "gradual whittling away or dispersion of the identity and hold upon the public mind." Dilution can occur by 1) blurring, 2) tarnishment, or 3) alteration. To determine whether a mark is "famous", eight subjective criteria are evaluated, which often produces inconsistencies among the courts. Mr. Shanti argues that an empirically derived test for fame must be created …

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The Rise And Fall Of Fences: The Overbroad Protection Of The Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act , Jonathan M. Ward Jan 2001

The Rise And Fall Of Fences: The Overbroad Protection Of The Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act , Jonathan M. Ward

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

Jonathan Ward discusses viability of two means for resolution of disputes related to cybersquatting. Cybersquatting occurs when a party registers a domain name that contains someone else's trademark and then attempts to profit by selling or licensing the name to that party. Cybersquatting tends to be classified as direct cybersquatting and typosquatting, and actions involving domain name conflicts fall in four categories: 1) trademark infringement, 2) confusion of source, 3) dilution of a famous mark, and 4) bad faith registration. Recognizing the growing issue of cybersquatting, Congress passed the Anitcybersquatting Consumer Protection Act in 1999, which provided a litigious avenue …

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"The Rich Man's Eight Track": Mp3 Files, Copyright Infringement, And Fair Use , Kathryn I. Mullen Jan 2001

"The Rich Man's Eight Track": Mp3 Files, Copyright Infringement, And Fair Use , Kathryn I. Mullen

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

An objective of copyright law is to promote creativity and the dissemination of ideas by granting artists, writers, and other creators of artistic works a limited monopoly in their works. MP3 files consist of a digital audio compression algorithm that makes an audio file smaller without reducing sound quality. One problem created by this technology is that when combined with the Internet, millions of people can simultaneously access, reproduce and distribute copyrighted works in digitized form without authorization. Under this premise, Ms. Mullen presents two case studies concerning MP3.com and Napster, in which she relates their various characteristics to copyright …

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Digital Copyright, By Jessica Litman , J. Ryan Miller Jan 2001

Digital Copyright, By Jessica Litman , J. Ryan Miller

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

Jessica Litman's book focuses on the Copyright Act, in relation to modern entertainment technology. For example, each time an image from the Internet is viewed through a personal computer, the viewer has reproduced the original image, because a computer's RAM makes a temporary copy in order to allow the image to be viewed. The entertainment industry's concern about potential copyright infringement resulted in the enactment of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Professor Litman provides a history of the negotiation and lobbying that created the Copyright Act of 1976, and then provides a commentary regarding Napster and the expanding amount of …

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Copyright Law In The Digital Age: Malum In Se And Malum Prohibitum, Sheldon W. Halpern Jan 2000

Copyright Law In The Digital Age: Malum In Se And Malum Prohibitum, Sheldon W. Halpern

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

The scale of copyright piracy has changed, allowing creative works to be distributed globally with a click of a mouse. People's attitudes towards infringing on someone else's protected work have changed as well due to the simplicity and speed of the digital infringing process. This lecture discusses how one can tailor copyright law to accommodate technological changes. First, the lecturer discusses how an act of infringement needs to be defined as malum in se rather than malum prohibitum in order for infringement to be taken seriously. The lecturer suggests that a radically different approach to some of the fundamental principles …

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Death Of A Myth: The Patenting Of Internet Business Models After State Street Bank, William D. Wiese Jan 2000

Death Of A Myth: The Patenting Of Internet Business Models After State Street Bank, William D. Wiese

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

The case of State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, Inc., which extended patent protection to a computerized financial method, was regarded by many as a revolutionary expansion of patentable subject matter. The author, however, argues that this notion is overstated. The author explains that the State Street Bank decision will be of little consequence because the business exception was a myth in the first place. The author reasons that courts often cited other bars to patentability when denying business methods protection. Furthermore, the author argues that the recent relaxation of the patentability requirements of computer related …

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The United States And The Madrid Protocol: A Time To Decline, A Time To Accede, Carlo Cotrone Jan 2000

The United States And The Madrid Protocol: A Time To Decline, A Time To Accede, Carlo Cotrone

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

The Madrid Agreement enables trademark owners in signatory countries to secure international trademark registration by filing one application instead of filing separate applications in each foreign country's trademark office. The United States has never acceded to the Agreement because critics have held that the Agreement favors registration-based trademark systems rather than the use-based system found in the United States. Accordingly, the Madrid Protocol was drafted to address the United States' objections to the Agreement and to provide an international registration vehicle for countries that declined to participate Agreement. In this article, the author examines the Madrid Agreement, compares the Agreement …

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A Higher Nonobviousness Standard For Gene Patents: Protecting Biomedical Research From The Big Chill, Sara Dastgheib-Vinarov Jan 2000

A Higher Nonobviousness Standard For Gene Patents: Protecting Biomedical Research From The Big Chill, Sara Dastgheib-Vinarov

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

In In re Deuel, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled in favor of a patent applicant and found that DNA molecules encoding a protein were nonobvious under section 103 of the Patent Act. Since then, companies specializing in genomic research have filed numerous DNA sequence applications, instigating a troubling trend of patent filings within the biotechnology field. Currently these companies are stockpiling partial DNA sequence patents which have no known function. This Comment presents scientific, political, religious, and ethical justifications for heightening the nonobviousness standard for gene-related patents under section 103 of the Patent Act. …

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Global Technology Protection: Moving Past The Treaty, Todd M. Rowe Jan 2000

Global Technology Protection: Moving Past The Treaty, Todd M. Rowe

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

This Comment examines whether the conformity achieved by international technology treaties is at the expense of utility. Specifically, the author posits that international agreements do not serve the needs of rich and poor nations alike. Instead, the author advocates for increased autonomy by claiming better solutions will be produced when nations enter bi-lateral agreements. In reaching this conclusion, the Comment analyzes the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) and the problems created for developing nations through global technology protections. The author uses the United States' patent, copyright, and trademark protections as an illustrative example of how successful …

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