Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons^™

Flag On The Play? The Siphoning Effect On Sports Television, Phillip M. Cox Ii

Federal Communications Law Journal

The tradition of watching the Sunday afternoon football game in front of the television began in 1939. Since then, sports broadcasting has become one of the most powerful revenue-building tools for both media and sports leagues alike. Sports programming is increasingly available only through cable and pay-per-view television, which limits viewers' access to free broadcast televised sporting events. Legislators have now directed the Federal Communications Commission to study the effects of paid access to sports broadcasts, with an eye toward protecting viewers' rights to free access to sports on television.

This Note explains the impact of the Sports Broadcasting Act …

Strange Fixation: Bootleg Sound Recordings Enjoy The Benefits Of Improving Technology, David Schwartz

Federal Communications Law Journal

Entrepreneurs have manufactured unauthorized sound recordings since the'turn of the century. At first, most of these recordings were counterfeits and copies of existing recordings. Starting in the late 1960s, a new genre of unauthorized recording, the "bootleg," found eager listeners, particularly among fans of rock music. Bootlegs offered music that was unavailable elsewhere such as concert recordings and unfinished studio recordings. The widespread availability of compact discs and ever improving recording technology means that some new bootlegs sound better than ever.

This Note explores the history of bootlegs and how copyright law has tried to come to grips with the …

Censorship On The Internet: Do Obscene Or Pornographic Materials Have A Protected Status?, Paula Franzese, J. Robert Flores, Peter D. Kennedy, Robert T. Perry

Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Prejudgment Interest And The Copyright Act Of 1976, James L. Bernard

Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Imperishable Intellectual Creations: The Limits Of The First Sale Doctrine, I. Neel Chatterjee

Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Changing Landscape Of First Amendment Jurisprudence In Light Of The Technological Advances In Media, John M. Phelan, Robert F. Schneider, Steven Shapiro, Jacob Zamansky

Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Privacy Debate: To What Extent Should Traditionally “Private” Communications Remain Private On The Internet?, Joel Reidenberg, Norman I. Silber, Peter D. Kennedy, Ronald Abramson

Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Qualitex Co. V. Jacobson Prods., Inc.: The Supreme Court “Goes For The Gold” And Allows Trademark Protection For Color Per Se, Daniel R. Schechter

Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Berne, Cfta, Nafta & (And) Gatt: The Implications Of Copyright Droit Moral And Cultural Exemptions In International Trade Law, Stephen Fraser

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Beginning with the United States' accession to the Berne Union in 1988-89, through the negotiations for the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (CFTA), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the latest round of the General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (GAIT), copyright law and its attendant industries have become important foci in the area of international trade. Although the United States may be the world leader in the dissemination of movies, television programs, music, and books and even though through Berne, CFTA, NAFTA, and GATT the United States has managed to obtain increased protection for copyrighted content, it …

The Growing Entertainment And Sports Industries Internationally: New Immigration Laws Provide For Foreign Athletes And Entertainers, Jon Jordan

University of Miami Entertainment & Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Bodyslam From The Top Rope: Unequal Bargaining Power And Professional Wrestling's Failure To Unionize, Stephen S. Zashin

University of Miami Entertainment & Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Reconsidering Flood V. Kuhn, Stephen F. Ross

University of Miami Entertainment & Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Squeeze Play: Workers' Compensation And The Professional Athlete, Stephen Cormac Carlin, Christopher M. Fairman

University of Miami Entertainment & Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Poetic Law: A Statement On Intent, Maxwell L. Stearns

Vanderbilt Law Review

In poetry, allegiance to the verse

Lends power to the message in the text

.it Shakespeare's consistency gave his words force

In Hamlet, in King Lear, and in Macbeth

. And yet upon us, free form's presence reigns

- Defenders claim, expands the poet's choice

Removing from the poet meter's chains,

Is likened to providing the mute, voice.

. . .

Title Ix And Employment Discrimination In Coaching Intercollegiate Athletics, Cathryn L. Claussen

University of Miami Entertainment & Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Un-Worth-Y Decision: The Characterization Of A Copyright As Community Property, Debora Polacheck

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

This Article examines the impact of In re Marriage of Worth, the only reported case which has considered the effect of California's community property law on an author's rights under the Copyright Act of 1976. The author challenges the California Court of Appeal's holding that a copyright is a community property asset. The court, when faced with a clear conflict between state and federal law, failed to preempt state law. Instead, the court created a situation which not only will be felt by spouses upon dissolution of marriage but also will be felt by the author-spouse who will no longer …

The Rodney King Beating: Beyond Fair Use: A Broadcaster's Right To Air Copyrighted Videotape As Part Of A Newscast, 13 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 269 (1995), Leslie Ann Reis

UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law

This article discusses the copyright implications of news broadcasters using videotape and other images in their newscasts. News broadcasters obtain audio and video materials for use in their broadcasts, and on most occasions they obtain these materials from a variety of sources. The broadcaster cannot infringe on the copyright of the news source unless given permission by the source or decide to use it under the Fair Use Doctrine. However, a newscaster may also use the copyrighted material under a possible exception created by the First Amendment right to freedom of the press. The law that provides a creator with …

Parody (Of Celebrities, In Advertising), Parity (Between Advertising And Other Types Of Commercial Speech), And (The Property Right Of) Publicity - A Substantive And Procedural Path - Through Glitz, Wit, Rap, Suds, And Ink - To A Balanced Constitutional And Common Law Vindication Of Each, Michael E. Hartmann, Daniel R. Kelly

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

In 1992's highly controversial White v. Samsung Electronics America, Inc., the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit refused to create a parody exception to the common law right of publicity for a parodic advertisement. Almost all of the early legal commentary on White criticized the Ninth Circuit for not having created such an exception, most of it urging an emulation of federal statutory copyright law's fair use exception. In 1993's Cardtoons v. Major League Baseball Players Ass'n, the Northern District Court of Oklahoma similarly refused to create a parody exception to the right of publicity for an …

Emerging Antitrust Issues Affecting The Computer Industry, Kelly A. O'Connor

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Computer industry marketing practices have been subject to frequent challenge under U.S. antitrust laws since the early 1980s. These challenges have principally been based on tying arrangement analysis under section 1 of the Sherman Act and section 3 of the Clayton Act, or monopolization under section 2 of the Sherman Act. This article discusses the background of the Supreme Court's treatment of computer industry marketing practices under U.S. antitrust law, establishes qualifications for acceptable marketing practices by reviewing the recent Supreme Court decisions Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image Technical Services and Data General Corp. v. Grumman System Support Corp., and …

The Sports Broadcasting Act: Calling It What It Is - Special Interest Legislation, David L. Anderson

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Since the Sports Broadcasting Act (SBA) was enacted in 1961, professional sports leagues have enjoyed an exemption to the antitrust laws that permits a league to sell package deals to broadcasting companies for the exclusive televising of league games. Recently, the necessity of the SBA has been challenged, both by legal commentators and in the courts. This Note examines the challenges to the SBA and the intent of Congress when it passed the SBA, suggesting that much of the criticism focused on the SBA is unfounded. The author concludes that in enacting the SBA Congress intended to keep professional sports …

The Electronic Filing Of Applications With The United States Patent & (And) Trademark Office, Hunter L. Auyang

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

The U.S. Patent & Trademark Office (PTO) has long recognized that if it could develop the capabilities to accept and process electronically-filed patent and trademark applications, the quality of its services to the public would be improved. Applications in electronic format are necessary in order for the PTO, as one of the world's largest repositories of technical literature, to establish a "paperless" office, which would relieve it of its current burden of handling massive volumes of paper.

This Article discusses the scope of the PTO's efforts to date in computerizing and automating its operations to enable electronic application filing. The …

Telecommunications In The United Kingdom: A Prototype For Deregulation Or A Flash In The Pan, Sean P. Farrell

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

The United Kingdom maintains the world's most extensively deregulated telecommunications market. This Note examines the United Kingdom's history of telecommunications deregulation, the principal components of its deregulatory efforts, and the results obtained thus far. With respect to the principal components of deregulation, this Note's analysis focuses upon the United Kingdom's regulatory policy decisions, the efficacy of the British regulatory agency, and the adaptability of the British regulatory framework. In addition to drawing certain conclusions regarding the United Kingdom's deregulatory success, this Note also offers some general comparisons regarding proposed regulatory reforms within the United States.

Children's Television Act: Encouraging Positive Television For Our Children, The - A Proposal To The Fcc, Gary E. Knell

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Congress overwhelmingly passed the 1990 Children's Television Act to address policy concerns involving excessive violence and other inappropriate broadcast material in children's programming. The Act requires broadcasters to contribute to meeting children's educational needs in order to remain licensed. The Act also sets forth stipulations designed to encourage more constructive programming for children. Unfortunately, the Act has not proven as powerful as originally expected, leaving children's programming in much the same state it was before the Act. This Proposal sets forth a model to the Federal Communications Commission. The model is already used by the Children's Television Workshop and provides …

The Fair Use Doctrine And Campbell V. Acuff-Rose: Copyright Waters Remain Muddy, Melissa M. Francis

Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal (1994 - )

No abstract provided.

Baseball's Exemption From Section One Of The Sherman Antitrust Act Applies To The National League's Decision To Deny The Sale And Transfer Of A Franchise, William D. Georges

Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal (1994 - )

No abstract provided.

Pulling The Plug: Controversial Programming On Public Access Television And The Cable Television Consumer Protection And Competition Act Of 1992, 28 J. Marshall L. Rev. 399 (1995), Bradley J. Howard

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Everything That Glitters Is Not Gold: Songwriter-Music Publisher Agreements And Disagreements, Don E. Tomlinson

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

The standard-form long-term exclusive songwriter-music publisher "agreement" may be as good an example of a classic adhesion contract as any in American business life.. Music publishers have tremendous bargaining power; songwriters, at least in their early professional years, have little or none. It is no surprise, then, that such contracts heavily favor the music publisher and almost always are offered to beginning professional songwriters on a take-it-or-leave-it basis. While English courts have begun to recognize the "unconscionability" issue in these contracts-especially in relation to music publishers having no contractual obligation to "exploit" the copyrights received from songwriters under such agreements-American …

The Work Made For Hire Doctrine And California Recording Contracts: A Recipe For Disaster, Joseph B. Anderson

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Recording artists provide their recording or songwriting services pursuant to "work made for hire" clauses present in the vast majority of recording industry contracts. Under the work made for hire doctrine, the record labels can retain ownership in the ultimate artistic creations and thus ensure maximum profits for the labels. However, in 1982 the California Legislature mandated that persons who create works made for hire are deemed employees for purposes of workers' compensation benefits as well as unemployment and disability insurance. As a result, record labels may face substantial liability under California labor laws. At a minimum, it appears that …

Baseball's Antitrust Exemption, Michael H. Juarez

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Major League Baseball (Baseball) traditionally has enjoyed an exemption from antitrust laws even though Baseball is a business that clearly engages in interstate commerce. This antitrust immunity has allowed owners to restrict franchise expansion and relocation as well as to shackle players to a given team by using the reserve system. 1993 congressional hearings indicate that Congress has maintained the exemption in exchange for Baseball acting in the best interests of the American public. However, incidents over the past few years point to Baseball's repeated disregard of the public interest. This Note contrasts the relevant case law and congressional response …

Intellectual Property Rights In Joint Research Ventures With The National Laboratories, William A. Eklund

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) founded its National Laboratories shortly after World War II. The National Laboratories are large, multi-program research institutions conducting research on various aspects of nuclear energy. This Article focuses on the intellectual property rights issues that arise in business transactions between the National Laboratories and the private sector where research is to be performed. including: research and development subcontracts, cooperative research and development agreements, sponsored research and user facility agreements. and the licensing of intellectual properties.