Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons^™

Stranger Disputes: When Artificial Intelligence Turns Arbitration Upside Down, Imre Stephen Szalai

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

Arbitration agreements are everywhere in the United States. These agreements already block access to courts in a troubling manner, and pursuant to these agreements, parties must resolve their disputes before a private, human arbitrator with broad, virtually unreviewable powers. However, with the growth of AI, companies could easily redraft their contracts to require arbitration before non-human bots or AI arbitrators instead of a human arbitrator. Based on the history, values, policy, and text of the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA), this Article concludes that the FAA would govern and support the use of an AI arbitrator. As a result, a pre-dispute …

Struggling Access To Justice Through Mediation In Bangladesh: Headway Lessons From Australia, Jamila A. Chowdhury, Mehnaz Siddiqui

The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies

Enormous case backlog and protracted delays in courts are hindering access to justice in Bangladesh. Consequently, an initiative to provide quick and low-cost consensual justice through mediation was first initiated in the family courts of Bangladesh in the year 2000. However, although after an initial success, the system has been struggling over the decades. While contemporary research has identified various constraints causing such meager disposal of cases in family courts, using expert interviews of family court judges and relevant literature review on Australian family courts, this Chapter reiterates such constraints to generate relevant headway lessons from Australia that has excelled …

Masthead

Journal of Dispute Resolution

No abstract provided.

The Settlement Privacy-Transparency Matrix: Moving Beyond The Dichotomous Mindset In The Settlement Debate, Alyson Carrel, Peter K. Chan

Journal of Dispute Resolution

The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer once wrote, “The first forty years of life give us the text; the next thirty supply the commentary on it.” Forty years after Owen Fiss’s seminal article “Against Settlement,” it is time to reimagine how we approach the settlement debate beyond traditional dichotomies. Just as Schopenhauer recognized that time and experience allow us to better understand our past, forty years of grappling with the settlement debate have given us the perspective to see its limitations, and now with emerging technologies, new possibilities. The ‘text’ of the debate—its dichotomous framing and distributive solutions—has shaped four decades of …

Faculty List

Journal of Dispute Resolution

No abstract provided.

Description

Journal of Dispute Resolution

No abstract provided.

Looking Forward, Reflecting Back: The Promise Of Dispute Resolution To Reform The Criminal Legal System, Cynthia Alkon

Journal of Dispute Resolution

The criminal legal system in the United States is plagued by serious and systemic problems. There have been countless efforts at reform over the last many decades that have included changes in what is a crime, how crimes are punished, how prosecutors do their job, and changes in policing. Yet, despite these efforts, problems such as mass incarceration remain deeply embedded. It is easy to be swept up in pessimism when discussing the criminal legal system. Change is hard, at best incremental, and we seem to be in the beginning of an era of backlash against recent reforms. This is …

Psychology And Dispute Resolution: Looking Forward, Jennifer K. Robbennolt

Journal of Dispute Resolution

There is a long and deep history of interconnection between dispute resolution and psychology. Concepts like procedural justice permeate the literature. Psychologists have investigated and provided data about phenomena such as the fixed pie bias, impasse aversion, and reactive devaluation. Research drawing on the psychology of heuristics and biases has been influential, particularly in work on settlement decision making. Studies in this tradition have explored how framing, anchoring, anticipated regret, and different ways of considering options can influence the decisions made by disputants. Psychologists have explored the role of apologies in dispute resolution, the role of emotion in negotiation, and …

Introduction To The Symposium Issue, Allie Widick

Journal of Dispute Resolution

The following articles stem from the presentations at the 2024 Mizzou Law Center for the Study of Dispute Resolution 40th anniversary symposium. The symposium, titled Dispute Resolution at Forty: Looking Back, Looking Forward, featured some of the top legal scholars, including former Mizzou Law professors, and even a former Journal of Dispute Resolution Editor-in-Chief. The three panels discussed traditional and non-traditional dispute resolution forms, the NextGen Bar Exam, and emerging trends. A highlight of the event included a keynote address with Leonard Riskin, the first director of the Center for the Study of Dispute Resolution.

Table Of Contents

Journal of Dispute Resolution

No abstract provided.

Volunteered Or Voluntold: Effectiveness Of Good Faith Clauses On Court-Ordered Mediation, J. Michael Moore

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Mediation is the “process in which a mediator facilitates communication and negotiation between parties to assist them in reaching a voluntary agreement regarding their dispute.” There is a growing trend in many states and the federal government to allow courts to refer parties to mediation or other forms of alternative dispute resolution (“ADR”). However, one of the distinguishing elements of a mediation is that the parties come to a voluntary agreement. If the court has forced the parties to mediate, does that negate the voluntary nature of mediation? The answer to this question appears to be yes, but the real …

Is Current “Repeat Player” Theory Much Ado Over Much Less—An Evidence-Based Overhaul, Edward P. Mcdermott

Journal of Dispute Resolution

This empirical study suggests that the existence and impact of the “repeat player effect” (“effect”) may be exaggerated. Legal and conflict resolution theorists suggest that the existence of repeat players is a process flaw. They opine that first time players (“one-shotters”) are at a disadvantage to repeat players. Stulberg extended this process flaw theory to mediation.

Arbitration: An Unstoppable Wave?, Matthew Boston

Journal of Dispute Resolution

In recent years, large companies have started favoring the use of compelled arbitration agreements. Arbitration is one of many mechanisms encompassed under alternative dispute resolution (“ADR”), a broad framework by which parties may seek alternatives to litigation. As a whole, ADR arose with the intent of avoiding the high costs of litigation. Arbitration became the “principal form of ADR” for a period of time, with cost savings in mind.

“America’S Peacemaker” Needs A Makeover: The Department Of Justice’S Community Relations Service Should Use Transformative Mediation And Restorative Justice In Today’S Black Lives Matter Movement, Julianna Leung

Journal of Dispute Resolution

On March 7, 1965, civil rights leaders John Lewis and Hosea Williams led hundreds of people across the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama. Their goal was to march to the state capitol of Montgomery in protest of racial segregation and the suppression of African American voters. On the other side of Pettus bridge, state troopers and spectators waving Confederate flags waited for them. When the protesters reached the end of Pettus, state trooper Major John Cloud ordered them to stop the march and leave. Williams tried to speak with Major Cloud, but Major Cloud rebuffed him. When the protestors …

Cooperative Creativity: The Adr Foundations Of Modern Dance Copyright, Audrey O'Brien

Journal of Dispute Resolution

In the mid-twentieth century, the landscape of copyright was quickly changing, facing new technologies as well as cultural changes that would ultimately test the limits of the 1909 Copyright Act. Choreographic copyright protection changed immensely throughout the last half of the twentieth century, and one ballet company at the forefront of the changing tides of copyright law was the New York City Ballet (“NYCB”), led by choreographer George Balanchine. By the time Balanchine passed, the legacy of both his company, NYCB, and his body of copyrighted work was immense enough to determinatively color the way choreographic copyrights are handled under …

Operationalising The Social Licence To Operate Along The Belt And Road: The Case For A Mediation-Focused Approach, Mark Mclaughlin

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This article examines the intricate dynamics of community representation and stakeholder influence in the realm of international investment law. More specifically, it considers the most effective method by which to operationalise the concept of the ‘social licence to operate’ when attempting to resolve investor-state disputes. By utilising disputes relating to China’s Belt and Road Initiative as a case study, it is shown that the social impact of foreign investment projects is often a catalyst for arbitration claims. Community interests are insufficiently represented at the stage of procurement or admission of investment, which has led to violent clashes between investors and …

Catching Up To Technology: Mediation’S Role In The Era Of Driverless Cars, Kaitlyn Puyear

Journal of Dispute Resolution

An autonomous vehicle (AV), also known as a driverless or self-driving car, is a vehicle that can operate itself and perform necessary functions without human intervention. Autonomous vehicles have been under development since the midtwentieth century and operate with the use of cameras and radar systems to acquire information about road conditions—allowing them to choose the easiest path of travel.

Valuation Procedure For Condemnation: A Fifty State Survey, David Griffiths

BYU Law Review

The Fifth Amendment requires statutorily authorized condemnors to provide just compensation to landowners for all takings. The procedural method used by states to determine just compensation varies widely among states and is often separate from the more standard procedures existing in traditional civil litigation. Regardless of their method, all fifty states and the District of Columbia each have their own unique procedure for determining just compensation. This Note distinctly classifies the procedural schemes currently used by states to initially value just compensation of condemned property into three general categories: (1) schemes that rely on commissioners to determine just compensation, (2) …

Purdue’S Side Effects: Using Due Process To Realign Mass Tort Bankruptcies, William A. Organek

BYU Law Review

In Harrington v. Purdue Pharma, the United States Supreme Court held that victims of the opioid crisis could not be forced to release their independent claims against the Sacklers, who owned and controlled Purdue, without the victims’ consent. Such releases had become a controversial mainstay of mass tort bankruptcy filings. Yet Purdue was decided on narrow, textualist grounds, leaving as a side effect many seemingly disparate and difficult questions unanswered. This Article argues that Purdue and its open issues should be analyzed through a broader due process lens in tension with some aspects of current bankruptcy practice but consistent with …

Public Policy And The Refusal To Enforce Foreign Arbitral Awards: A Comparative Analysis Of France, Singapore, And Vietnam, Phan Hoai Nam

Indonesian Journal of International Law

The multilateral frameworks governing the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards, such as the 1958 New York Convention, along with the domestic laws of most states, are generally designed to promote the efficient enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. However, practical experience reveals inconsistencies in its application. While many states adhere to international principles, some - despite being signatories to the Convention - have exploited the broad concept of public policy to unjustifiably refuse enforcement within their jurisdictions. Conversely, other states have adopted a more restrictive approach, limiting the public policy exception to ensure predictability in enforcement. This article focuses on …

"Will The Circle Be Unbroken": The Role Of Law School Centers In Advancing Restorative Justice Theory, Practice, And Education, Deborah Thompson Eisenberg, Toby Treem Guerin

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

Pedagogies In The Meantime: Reflections On Adr And Restorative Justice In U.S. And Canadian Legal Education, Amy J. Cohen, Daniel Del Gobbo

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

Dismissing Human Trafficking: Forced Arbitration Of Survivors’ Civil Suits, Annie Smith, Daniel Werner

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Asian Values In International Dispute Settlement: Issues Of Parallel Jurisdiction, Haijing Huang, Tze Chin Ong

Indonesian Journal of International Law

Asian Values promoted significant economic growth to Asian societies in 1990s but were challenged by the 1997-1998 financial crisis. Engaging in regional trade agreements (RTAs) can enhance market access and keep regulatory cooperation, the number of RTAs has grown explosively in Asian countries. Most of these RTAs may include more far-reaching form of dispute settlement provisions distinct from or parallel to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Historical analysis is employed to examine the applicable principles of Asian Values and their influences on economic growth and dispute settlement. Additionally, the article also conducts case study analysis of several trade disputes with …

The Special International Peace Zone: From History, Through Practice, Toward An End To Armed Conflict In Ukraine, Tom W. Bell

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

This paper presents the special international peace zone as both an observed and ideal institution. Such a zone quells military conflict in an area over which sovereigns make conflicting territorial claims. It operates through an interim administration, governed by its own rules, independent of any single sovereign. Past examples include the Free City of Danzig (1920-39), the Free Territory of Trieste (1947-54), and United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (1999-2008). Despite proven successes, these zones have suffered from an undue reliance on multi-national organizations—first the League of Nations and now the United Nations. Warring sovereigns seldom agree about the …

How Ai Can Help Mediators Say What They Really Mean, John Lande

Faculty Publications

This article critiques the widespread use of the terms “facilitative” and “evaluative” to describe mediation techniques. Despite their popularity in scholarship and practice, these labels are inconsistently defined, frequently misunderstood, and fundamentally flawed. Drawing on a survey of mediation experts, the article documents significant confusion about how professionals interpret these terms – and how they think that others interpret them. It builds on Leonard Riskin’s critique of the facilitative-evaluative framework, which shows that the language not only oversimplifies complex processes but also risks confusing parties and undermining informed decision-making.

As an alternative, the article proposes a behavioral vocabulary that reflects …

Responsible Realism About Artificial Intelligence: How Ai Is Shaping Legal And Dispute Resolution Practice, Education, And Scholarship, John Lande

Faculty Publications

This article synthesizes the views of legal scholars examining how generative artificial intelligence (AI) is affecting legal and dispute resolution practice, education, and scholarship. They share a perspective of responsible realism – recognizing both the promise and the perils of AI. It is already reshaping how lawyers, neutrals, educators, students, and scholars work – and its influence will only grow.

The scholars identify clear benefits: broader access, greater efficiency, and new support for professional learning. They also warn of serious risks, including bias, deskilling, and erosion of judgment. Avoiding both hype and panic, they analyze developments, offer realistic strategies, and …

Training Humanoids To Use Good Dispute Resolution Language, John Lande

Faculty Publications

This short essay uses satire to spotlight the entrenched, misleading terminology widely used in the dispute resolution field, especially in legal and academic settings. Drawing on metaphors of humanoids, bots, and malware, it critiques outdated jargon like “facilitative” and “evaluative” mediation and proposes clearer alternatives derived from Real Practice Systems theory. It describes efforts to train an AI tool, the RPS Negotiation and Mediation Coach, to model improved language use and nudge human users toward better decision-making. Though light in tone, it reflects a serious commitment to reforming the way we talk about and practice negotiation and mediation.

Competence-Competence, Delegation, And The Aaa/Icdr Rules, Christopher R. Drahozal, George A. Bermann, Jack J. Coe Jr., Catherine A. Rogers

Faculty Scholarship

In 2021 and 2022, the American Arbitration Association (AAA) and the International Centre for Dispute Resolution (ICDR) amended their arbitration rules to address a “potential controversy” said to be caused by the Restatement of the U.S. Law of International Commercial and Investor-State Arbitration. The “potential controversy” is over whether the rules providing that arbitrators have “the power to rule on [their] own jurisdiction” should be interpreted as delegation clauses — that is, as “clearly and unmistakably” delegating exclusive authority to resolve jurisdictional challenges to the arbitrators instead of the court. Most courts have so interpreted the rules.

By contrast, the …

Treaties Establishing Dispute Settlement Frameworks, N. Jansen Calamita, Stefanie Schacherer, Facundo Perez-Aznar, Aikaterini Florou

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The purpose of the present report is to provide an overview and analysis of the measures that States adopt domestically to implement treaties that establish mechanisms for the resolution of international disputes. The report’s scope subsumes both treaties that include dispute settlement mechanisms to resolve disputes concerning the substantive obligations contained therein as well as treaties that establish frameworks for dispute resolution simpliciter which may be used to resolve disputes arising under a variety of substantive treaties (collectively “international dispute settlement mechanism” or “IDSM” treaties). The approach of the research contained within this report has been to gather information about …