Criminal Law Commons^™

In The Interest Of Conserving Tribunal Resources, What Concrete Limits Can A Trial Chamber Put On The Parties To Reduce The Length Of Their Cases, Limit Cross-Examination, And Impose A Date Certain For Completion Of Trial?, Michelle Oliver

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.

Many Legal Scholars And Defense Attorneys Appearing Before The Iht Have Argued That, Under Relevant Principles Of International Law, A State Cannot Recognize The Consequences Of An Illegal Action…, Brian J. Field

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.

The Applicability Of Article 3 Common To The Geneva Conventions To The Prosecution Of The Armed Forces Revolutionary Council, Kelly Sheahen

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.

To What Extent Is Icty Rule 90(H)(Ii), Ictr Rule 90(G)(Ii), Or The Rule From Browne V. Dunn, Followed In The Laws Of Different Nations?, Susanne Townsend

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.

What Course Of Action May Or Must The Trial Chamber Take If, At The End Of The Trial, It Is Not Satisfied That All Of The Elements Of The Crime Charged Have Been Proven Beyond A Reasonable Doubt But It Is Satisfied That The Evidence Proves Beyond A Reasonable Doubt All The Elements Of A Different, But Related, Crime., Traci M. Donovan

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.

What Is The Definition Of Genocide And What Is The Applicability Of Genocide To The Situation In Cambodia With Respect To The Elements Of “Group” And The Mental State Of The Perpetrator?, Mark H. Bardwell

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.

What Is The Purpose Of The Pre-Trial Chamber’S Confirmation Hearing?, Kevin Hussey

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.

What May/Must The Trial Chamber Do If All Of The Elements Of The Charged Offense Are Not Proven Beyond A Reasonable Doubt But All Of The Elements Of An Uncharged, But Related, Offense Are Proven Beyond A Reasonable Doubt?, Christopher Kringel

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.

What Minimum Standards Must The Iht Follow When Assigning Pulic Defenders In Place Of Privately Retained Defense Counsel So That The Defendant’S Right To A Fair Trial Is Not Prejudiced?, Thihan Nyun

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.

What Precautions And Remedies May A Trial Chamber Exercise When Defense Counsel Fails To Appear?, Kyle David Miller

War Crimes Memoranda

What precautions and remedies may a trial chamber exercise when defense counsel fails to appear? If the purpose of a defendant is to delay the proceedings, is replacing counsel tantamount to acceding to such delay? Why are tribunals reluctant to rely on co-counsel serving as lead counsel? Should duty counsel be appointed? Should the international courts use a public-defender system to avoid such problems? Do national bars have a duty to honor punishments doled out by the international tribunals? Is there any practical effect?

Where An Ongoing Joint Criminal Enterprise Exists, What Is Necessary To Bring About Its Termination As A Matter Of Law Or To Terminate An Individual’S Membership In The Joint Criminal Enterprise?, Michael A. Glazer

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.

Did The Forcible Transfer, Active Concealment, Torture And Murder Of Non-Combatant Kuwaiti Citizens And Third Party Nationals In August Of 1991 To March Of 1992 Constitute Any Crime Within The Jurisdiction Of The Iraqi High Tribunal? Did The Capture, Torture And Public Murder Of Captive Coalition Troops By Iraqi Troops During The 1991 War Constitute A Crime Within The Jurisdiction Of The Iraqi High Tribunal? Did The Seizure And Placement Of Non-Combatant Foreigners In Direct Proximity To Military Targets Constitute A Crime Within The Jurisdiction Of The Iraqi High Tribunal?, Gregory S. Mcneal

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.

The Brain-Disordered Defendant: Neuroscience And Legal Insanity In The Twenty-First Century, Richard E. Redding

American University Law Review

Brain-damaged defendants are seen everyday in American courtrooms, and in many cases, their criminal behavior appears to be the product of extremely poor judgment and self-control. Some have a disorder in the frontal lobes, the area of the brain responsible for judgment and impulse control. Yet because defendants suffering from frontal lobe dysfunction usually understand the difference between right and wrong, they are unable to avail themselves of the only insanity defense available in many states, a defense based on the narrow McNaghten test. "Irresistible impulse" (or "control") tests, on the other hand, provide an insanity defense to those who …

Can An Alleged Superior Officer Be Convicted Under Command Repsonsibility Even If He Was Deprived Of His Authority But Still Held A Formal Command Position? What Is Meant By “Effective Control” Under The Doctrine Of Command Repsonsibility?, Zachery Lampell

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.

Voluntary Surrender To The Custody Of The International Criminal Tribunal For Rwanda, Scott D. Perlmuter

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.

Is It A Prosecutor’S World?: Determinants Of Count Bargaining Decisions, Jeremy Ball

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations

Scholars agree that the American prosecutor possesses a great amount of discretion (see Albonetti, 1987; Kersetter, 1990; Thomas & Fitch, 1976). Scholars also agree that such discretion has the potential to result in discrimination in the form of unwarranted disparity (Walker, Spohn, & DeLone, 2000). American prosecutors use their discretion to make initial charging decisions, to seek the death penalty, and to negotiate plea agreements.

One of the most profound and frequently studied issues in the American criminal justice system is racial discrimination. Research indicates that Black offenders are disproportionately represented in prison populations (Blumstein, Cohen, Martin, & Tonry, 1983; …

The Model Federal Sentencing Guidelines Project: A Simplified Economic Crimes Guideline, Model Sentencing Guidelines §2b1.1, Frank O. Bowman Iii

Faculty Publications

This Article is the third of twelve parts of a set of Model Federal Sentencing Guidelines designed to illustrate the feasibility and advantages of a simplified approach to federal sentencing proposed by the Constitution Project Sentencing Initiative. The Model Sentencing Guidelines and the Constitution Project report are all to be published in Volume 18, Number 5 of the Federal Sentencing Reporter. The project is described in an essay titled 'Tis a Gift To Be Simple: A Model Reform of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines, available on SSRN at http://ssrn.com/abstract=927929.

The Model Federal Sentencing Guidelines Project: A Simplified Sentencing Grid, Model Sentencing Guidelines §1.1, Frank O. Bowman Iii

Faculty Publications

This Article is the first of twelve parts of a set of Model Federal Sentencing Guidelines designed to illustrate the feasibility and advantages of a simplified approach to federal sentencing proposed by the Constitution Project Sentencing Initiative. The Model Sentencing Guidelines and the Constitution Project report are all to be published in Volume 18, Number 5 of the Federal Sentencing Reporter. The project is described in an essay titled "'Tis a Gift to be Simple: A Model Reform of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines", available on SSRN at http://ssrn.com/abstract=927929.

Turning Jails Into Prisons—Collateral Damage From Kentucky's War On Crime, Robert G. Lawson

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

The primary purpose of this article is to scrutinize Kentucky's ever-increasing reliance on local jails for the incarceration of state prisoners. This objective cannot be achieved without an examination of the problems that compel counties and cities to allow (and even encourage) the state to capture their jails for this use. The first half of the article (Parts I-IV) provides general information about jails (including some pertinent history), contains a detailed description of jail functions (including some that have descended upon jails by default), and concludes with a discussion of what the state has done over two decades to convert …

Appellate Review Of Racist Summations: Redeeming The Promise Of Searching Analysis, Ryan Patrick Alford

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

This Article addresses the question of the appropriate response of appellate counsel for Black defendants tarred at trial by the indirect deployment of powerful racial stereotypes. The crux of the problem is that even now, the courts only take exception to blatant racist appeals, even though indirectly racist summations can have a determinative impact at trial. In laying out the contours of the problem, we must draw upon the discipline of rhetoric, or persuasion through oration, to describe various techniques of intentional indirectness that prosecutors use to obviate the possibility of appellate review under the stringent standards of the Fourteenth …

Ghosts Of Alabama: The Prosecution Of Bobby Frank Cherry For The Bombing Of The Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, Donald Q. Cochran

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

Perhaps no other crime in American history has shocked the conscience of America like the 1963 bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. In May of 2002- almost thirty-nine years after the bombing- Bobby Frank Cherry was brought to trial for the murders of Addie, Carole, Cynthia, and Denise. He was the last person to be tried for the bombing. As an Assistant United States Attorney in Birmingham, Alabama it was my privilege to be a part of the prosecution team that brought Cherry to justice. This Article tells the story of that prosecution and explores the …

On Justitia, Race, Gender, And Blindness, I. Bennett Capers

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

This Essay focuses on Justitia's more problematic attributes. Like Justitia's blindfold, which has been described as "the most enigmatic" of her traits. Is the blindfold merely emblematic of Justitia's purported impartiality, her claim to algorithmic justice? As law professor Costas Douzinas and art historian Lynda Nead have asked, does the blindfold enable Justitia "to avoid the temptation to see the face that comes to the law and put the unique characteristics of the concrete person before the abstract logic of the institution"? Or does the blindfold signify something more, a second sight of sorts? Maybe that Justitia, unable to see, …

Peace Versus Justice, Richard J. Goldstone

Nevada Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Year Of Jubilee Or Maybe Not: Some Preliminary Observations About The Operation Of The Federal Sentencing System After Booker, Frank O. Bowman Iii

Faculty Publications

This segment of the project contains the offense seriousness portion of the simplified sentencing table employed in the Model Sentencing Guidelines. The Article also contains drafter's commentary explaining the offense seriousness scale of the table, how it interacts with other portions of the Model Guidelines, and the policy choices behind the simplified table.

Convicting The Innocent: Aberration Or Systemic Problem?, Rodney J. Uphoff

Faculty Publications

In practice, the right to adequate defense counsel in the United States is disturbingly unequal. Only some American criminal defendants actually receive the effective assistance of counsel. Although some indigent defendants are afforded zealous, effective representation, many indigent defendants and almost all of the working poor are not. The quality of representation a defendant receives generally is a product of fortuity, of economic status, and of the jurisdiction in which he or she is charged. For many defendants, the assistance of counsel means little more than counsel's help in facilitating a guilty plea. With luck, money, and location primarily determining …

Instituting Innocence Reform: Wisconsin's New Governance Experiment, Kate Kruse

Faculty Scholarship

The DNA exoneration cases of the past two decades have provided a window into what hasn't been working in the criminal justice system and an agenda for criminal justice reform. The challenge currently facing the innocence reform community is to translate this agenda into concrete reforms that institute and sustain best practices for the investigation and prosecution of crimes, while allowing flexibility for the understanding of best practices to continue to evolve. In 2005, Wisconsin underwent a breathtaking course of legal reform in two of the problem areas that have plagued wrongful convictions: mistaken eyewitness identification and false confession. The …

Procuring The Right To An Unfair Trial: Federal Rule Of Evidence 804(B)(6) And The Due Process Implications Of The Rule's Failure To Require Standards Of Reliability For Admissible Evidence, Kelly Rutan

American University Law Review

This Comment argues that though the doctrine of forfeiture by wrongdoing allows a court to forfeit both a defendant’s right to object to the admission of hearsay statements and the right of confrontation, the current state of the law requires all out-of-court statements admitted under Rule 804(b)(6) to possess some level of reliability in order to satisfy due process. Part I of this Comment discusses the doctrine of forfeiture by wrongdoing, the courts’ treatment of this principle prior to 1997, and its codification into the Federal Rules of Evidence. Part II looks at Confrontation Clause issues unique to hearsay exceptions …

Intimate Homicide: Gender And Crime Control, 1880-1920, Carolyn B. Ramsey

University of Colorado Law Review

The received wisdom, among feminists and others, is that historically the criminal justice system tolerated male violence against women. This article dramatically revises feminist understanding of the legal history of public responses to intimate homicide by showing that, in both the eastern and the western United States, men accused of killing their intimates often received stern punishment, including the death penalty, whereas women charged with similar crimes were treated leniently. Although no formal "battered woman's defense" existed in the late 1800s and early 1900s, courts and juries implicitly recognized one-and even extended it to abandoned women who killed their unfaithful …

Bluffing? The Legislative Response To Internet Gambling, Jon Feldon

American University Criminal Law Brief

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Editor, Laurita M. Denny

American University Criminal Law Brief

No abstract provided.