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2020

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Articles 991 - 1020 of 1494

Full-Text Articles in Systems Science

Denoising Algorithm Based On Neighborhood Expansion Clustering, Xinggang Li, Yaping Zhang, Yuwei Yang Jun 2020

Denoising Algorithm Based On Neighborhood Expansion Clustering, Xinggang Li, Yaping Zhang, Yuwei Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aimed at the three dimensional point clouds model with outliers and noises which is reconstructed based on 2D images, a new denoising algorithm based on neighborhood expansion clustering is proposed. The search for other neighboring points of each data point is conducted by using the Euclidean distance between data points and the transitive property of the neighborhood location relation. All points are processed for cluster partition, which detects and filters the outliers in the point clouds model. The concept of neighborhood expansion clustering and the fast search algorithm based on dynamic grids division are discussed. It solves the …

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Realistic Simulation Of Potted Monocot Plant Based On Ifs, Fanxing Zhang, Feiya Lu, Meili Wang Jun 2020

Realistic Simulation Of Potted Monocot Plant Based On Ifs, Fanxing Zhang, Feiya Lu, Meili Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Potted monocot plants are one of the most indispensable plants for landscaping and environment. This paper establishes 3D geometric model of branches, twigs, branches and leaves of potted monocot plants with adjustable morphology parameters based on iterated function system. Specifically, considering the self-similarity and randomness of branch bifurcation structure, a corresponding pruning operation module is established. The visualization of the pruning of the branch morphology with higher degrees of freedom is implemented through the affine transformation matrix and geometric model, producing more realistic computer simulation results. This paper provides guidance for the study and market selection of potted plants.

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Surface Reconstruction Of Point Cloud Based On Geometric Structure, Zhenfa Yang, Wan Gang, Xuefeng Cao, Li Feng, Lixiang Xie Jun 2020

Surface Reconstruction Of Point Cloud Based On Geometric Structure, Zhenfa Yang, Wan Gang, Xuefeng Cao, Li Feng, Lixiang Xie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the problems that the existing noise in dense point cloud generated from sequential images dense matching affects the accuracy, and geometric structure such as flat exists in urban scenes, a surface reconstruction method of dense point cloud based on geometric structure is proposed in this paper. RANSAC algorithm is applied to extract planar structure. The original points were structured into planar points, crease points of two planes intersecting, corner points of three or more planes intersecting and clutter points. Then the structured point cloud is divided into tetrahedron by 3D Delaunay, improving the penalty term …

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Pcnl: A Visual Analysis Method For Comparing Homogeneous Hierarchical Data, Dong Yu, Chen Yi, Yuehong Sun Jun 2020

Pcnl: A Visual Analysis Method For Comparing Homogeneous Hierarchical Data, Dong Yu, Chen Yi, Yuehong Sun

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: According to the requirements of comparing homogeneous hierarchical data in different fields, a visual analysis method called PCNL is presented in this paper. Homogeneous information is extracted from the multiple levels of the heterogeneous hierarchical data set, and isomorphic node-link trees are constructed. Parallel coordinates are combined with node-link trees, which displays attribute values of leaf nodes in multiple isomorphic trees. Interactive techniques are introduced to help users to compare and analyze multiple attributes of each leaf node in multiplehomogeneous hierarchical structures. Applying this method to compare multi-national MRL data in food safety field can help users to …

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Role And Background Effects Enhancement In Holographic Projection, Desheng Lü, Zhiye Lin, Kong Lu Jun 2020

Role And Background Effects Enhancement In Holographic Projection, Desheng Lü, Zhiye Lin, Kong Lu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Although holographic projection technology combined with three-dimensional animation can be seen on many shows nowadays, the poor ability to identity the black color and the high requirement for camera's placement, which lead to the lack of content and high complexity, have become main restrictions for the development of holographic animation. An algorithm is proposed to replace or adjust the lightness of black color in holographic animation to improve the projection. The linkage of camera in four directions is studied to facilitate the acquisition of holographic projection images, which enhances the holographic animation effect. Finally, a real projection platform …

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Coveragedetecting Algorithm Based On Sub-Pixel Geometricprimitives, Li Hua, Huamin Yang, Han Cheng, Jianping Zhao Jun 2020

Coveragedetecting Algorithm Based On Sub-Pixel Geometricprimitives, Li Hua, Huamin Yang, Han Cheng, Jianping Zhao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A hard shadow anti-aliasing rendering algorithm with sub-pixel accuracywas proposed. The method focused on addressing aliasing artifacts of the shadow map due to the sample density mismatching between light space and camera space. The method extracted geometric primitives from the scene's front view from a light source and storedscene visible triangles with fixed-size and local approximation using conservative rasterization; An algorithm was proposed to detect the covered plurality primitives in one texel based on the texel's vertices, and reconstruct testing depth of shadow ray precisely. The experiment results showed that covered primitives' detection algorithm was able toidentify …

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Simulation On Switch Reluctance Motor Vibration Under Load Condition Based On Ansys, Luan Ru, Jinru Guo Jun 2020

Simulation On Switch Reluctance Motor Vibration Under Load Condition Based On Ansys, Luan Ru, Jinru Guo

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: At present, the research on the vibration problem of switched reluctance motor is limited to the natural mode analysis under no-load condition. The coupling calculation of transient electromagnetic field and structure dynamic field in SRM is deduced. It is proved that the vibration results of SRM can be obtained under the load. An improved simulation method is proposed to improve the data link of Workbench ANSYS, and to realize the direct coupling of the whole data link between the transient electromagnetic field and the transient structural dynamic field. The simulation method is described in detail for a specific SRM …

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3d Simultaneous Localization And Mapping Based On Rgb-D Images, Lingyan Hu, Cao Lu, Pengwen Xiong, Xin Yong, Zekun Xie Jun 2020

3d Simultaneous Localization And Mapping Based On Rgb-D Images, Lingyan Hu, Cao Lu, Pengwen Xiong, Xin Yong, Zekun Xie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To reduce the accumulated pose error of robots during the three-dimensional simultaneous localization and mapping, a global optimization method is proposed to improve the positioning accuracy and the quality of the map. This method, which is based on the visual odometry of the frame and frame registration model, adds the pose-constraints by closed-loop detection based on image matching. Local loop is combined with random loop to improve the optimization efficiency. The general graph optimization algorithm is used to globally optimize the robot poses. A key-frame selection strategy is also proposed to decrease the consumption of the …

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Flight Support Service Time Estimation Of Hub Airport, Zhiwei Xing, Yunxiao Tang Jun 2020

Flight Support Service Time Estimation Of Hub Airport, Zhiwei Xing, Yunxiao Tang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For the convenience of airport to publish the accurate information about flight status to passengers in time, estimating the service time of airport flight support is needed. Because the flight support service is a mixed procedure of job shop and fixed site, and has characteristics of time window constrains and resource demand difference, a model of flight support service procedure based on vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) was built. For the strong NP nature of vehicle routing problems, a two phase hybrid heuristic algorithm based on greedy algorithm and tabu search was proposed. It was applied to …

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Fault Diagnosis Method Of Pmsm Based On Adaptive Dynamic Cat Swarm Optimization Of Svm, Wang Yan, Wang Xin, Zhicheng Ji, Dahu Yan Jun 2020

Fault Diagnosis Method Of Pmsm Based On Adaptive Dynamic Cat Swarm Optimization Of Svm, Wang Yan, Wang Xin, Zhicheng Ji, Dahu Yan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of common inter-turn short circuit faults of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a corresponding motor fault model based on the existing basis of PMSM is established. The eigenvector is extracted by energy spectrum analysis. The penalty factor and RBF-kernel parameter of SVM are optimized by adaptive dynamic cat swarm optimization (ADACSO) algorithm. The optimized SVM is adopted to motor fault diagnosis. The eigenvector obtained by energy spectrum analysis is taken as sample data to conduct simulation experiment. The experiment results indicate that, compared with other optimization algorithms, using ADACSO to optimize …

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Design And Implementation Of Online Interactive Educational Game Based On Somatosensory, Ban Rui, Dandan Ding, Mingmin Zhang, Huaqing Shen Jun 2020

Design And Implementation Of Online Interactive Educational Game Based On Somatosensory, Ban Rui, Dandan Ding, Mingmin Zhang, Huaqing Shen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The somatic game has been widely used in the educational field because of the advantages of excellent experience, multi sense and student-centered. But now, the commonly used somatic game equipment is based on PC, such as Kinect, which does not support browsing on web and requires long period development, failing to meet the teaching demands. This leads to the slow and imbalanced developments of somatic-based education game. To solve those problems, this paper puts forward a solution, which combines Websocket communication mechanism and Kinect recognition mode. In order to promote the integration of education and games, this paper further …

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Ant Colony Search Skeleton Extraction Methodbased On Distance Transform, Zhaoyuan Zhang, Dai Ning, Liu Hao, Dawei Li Jun 2020

Ant Colony Search Skeleton Extraction Methodbased On Distance Transform, Zhaoyuan Zhang, Dai Ning, Liu Hao, Dawei Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Forsolving the poor connectivity problems of skeleton extraction method based on distance transform, ant colony search skeleton extraction method based on distance transform is proposed. The objects potential skeleton points are obtained according to the distance transform and its gradient.By controlling the polygon approximation errorofthe object boundary curve, the boundary vertices with different contribution to the object shape information are determined,and the convex vertices are takenas the endpoints of the object'sskeletonline.The endpoints of redundant skeleton branches are eliminated according to the inner angle size of the endpoint .The heuristic guidance function is determined by distance transformation gradient, pixel …

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Design And Implementation Of Virtual Treadmill System Supporting Natural Interaction, Zhigeng Pan, Congjin Liu, Yingying Ge, Qingshu Yuan Jun 2020

Design And Implementation Of Virtual Treadmill System Supporting Natural Interaction, Zhigeng Pan, Congjin Liu, Yingying Ge, Qingshu Yuan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: By virtually displaying outdoor sports scene, virtual treadmill system can make running more interesting. How to interact naturally and effectively during running is an important issue in system design. Based on the gesture interaction region partition and analysis of Kinect data, we designed a gesture interaction protocol. The protocol supports menu interaction and content switch without interruption of human running process. We also designed and implemented a virtual treadmill system which utilizes OSG library and Unity3D for scene modeling. Serial port and Socket is used for status or sports data transmission. The system can displayed on a large monitor …

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Design And Implementation Of 3d Monitoring System Based On Opc Ua, Gu Yan, Huanchong Cheng, Wang Zhen, Xiumin Fan Jun 2020

Design And Implementation Of 3d Monitoring System Based On Opc Ua, Gu Yan, Huanchong Cheng, Wang Zhen, Xiumin Fan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the rapid development of industrial automation, users' demands on the safety of data collection, data transmission and data interaction during manufacturing process are increasing, along with which is the serious communication problem because of device heterogeneity. Besides, due to the rapid expansion of mobile application, more and more mobile devices such as mobiles and Pads are pouring into monitoring system. In this paper, a 3D monitoring system based on OPC UA is designed and implemented to meet the requirement of real-time and versatility of devices. The 3D monitoring system is composed of an OPC UA server and an …

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Emergency Behavior Assessment System Based On Vr Fire Escape Game, Gaoqi He, Mingqiang Yu, Zhengqing Jiang, Xingjian Lu Jun 2020

Emergency Behavior Assessment System Based On Vr Fire Escape Game, Gaoqi He, Mingqiang Yu, Zhengqing Jiang, Xingjian Lu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Individuals' behavior and psychology have the typical features of complexity and dynamics under emergency, which is a great challenge for the realistic simulation of crowd behavior. In this paper, virtual reality and game technology are combined to design a virtual reality fire escape game (VRFEG), and the users' emergency behaviors are evaluated and analyzed effectively. VRFEG is mainly composed of four modules, i.e., interactive plot design, architecture design, data collection and behavior analysis. Experiment results show that the VRFEG system is very intuitive and easy to use. Such system could help people learn some emergency escape skills while immersing …

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Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control Of Double Inverted Pendulum Based On Linear Adaptive Qpso Tuning, Xin Jing, Xiangshuai Han, Yanming Liang, Cuicui Yan Jun 2020

Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control Of Double Inverted Pendulum Based On Linear Adaptive Qpso Tuning, Xin Jing, Xiangshuai Han, Yanming Liang, Cuicui Yan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the problem of balancing control of linear double inverted pendulum, fuzzy sliding mode control method based on linear adaptive QPSO tuning is presented. According to the coupling property of the linear double inverted pendulum system, decoupling is applied twice and fuzzy sliding mode balancing controller is designed. The parameters of fuzzy sliding mode controller are determined by the linear adaptive quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm (LAQPSO). Linear double inverted pendulum balancing control simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the chattering phenomenon existing in the traditional sliding mode controller and improve the accuracy and …

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Real-Time Simulation On Virtual Dressing Based On Virtual Human Body Model, Chuanyu Xue, Hongwei Dong, Mingmin Zhang, Zhigeng Pan Jun 2020

Real-Time Simulation On Virtual Dressing Based On Virtual Human Body Model, Chuanyu Xue, Hongwei Dong, Mingmin Zhang, Zhigeng Pan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In this paper we put forward a real-time method of virtual dressing using a single Kinect device. Virtual dressing using a low-cost device has very important application, but classic 3D human body dressing algorithms cannot work in real time. We need to generate 3D human body model before virtual dressing using Kinect. In this paper, we use a method which is based on body's basic information to build human body model, and the method is optimized to enhance the local simulation results.This paper presents a tracking ellipsoid modeland applies GPU parallel computing to decrease the amount of calculation …

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Pose Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Network With Synthesis Depth Data, Wang Song, Fuchang Liu, Huang Ji, Weiwei Xu, Hongwei Dong Jun 2020

Pose Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Network With Synthesis Depth Data, Wang Song, Fuchang Liu, Huang Ji, Weiwei Xu, Hongwei Dong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: 3D scenes can be reconstructed more easily and rapidly with depth camera. However, it is difficult to retrieve items in 3D scenes from a single view depth image, especially for the pose estimation. In this paper, we present a method of pose estimation using convolutional neural network with synthesis depth data, which predicts the items' pose in 3D scenes by regression. This is achieved by (i) synthesizing large amount of depth images with different pose for linear regression using 3D model, (ii) designing a class-dependent linear regression framework, which estimates the object's pose from different classes separately, …

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Triangular Mesh Clipping Using Triangular Decomposition, Guojun Chen, Yingying Huang, Li Hua, Jinling Li, Jingyi Liu Jun 2020

Triangular Mesh Clipping Using Triangular Decomposition, Guojun Chen, Yingying Huang, Li Hua, Jinling Li, Jingyi Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Triangular mesh clipping is widely used in grid reconstruction, grid deformation, terrain fusion and analysis, and many other fields. In the application of geographic information system (GIS), triangular mesh clipping is the key to the fusion of terrain surface model and building model. However, existing polygon clipping algorithms do not take the space relationship of adjacent triangles into account.If they were directly used in triangular mesh clipping, T-intersections would appear in the cutting results, leading tounstable triangular mesh. In order to solve this problem, a triangular mesh clipping algorithm based on triangular decomposition is proposed. Triangular decomposition is implemented …

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Study On Fusion Algorithms Of Gf-2 Satellite Image, Shiqin Xie, Tianzhong Zhao, Wang Wei, Jingjing Shi Jun 2020

Study On Fusion Algorithms Of Gf-2 Satellite Image, Shiqin Xie, Tianzhong Zhao, Wang Wei, Jingjing Shi

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: This paper compared 4 kinds of image fusion methods through the GF-2 panchromatic and multispectral data fusion test. The subjective qualitative evaluation and objective quantitative evaluation were applied to analyze the quality of the fusion images, which were classified by the maximum likelihood method to select the suitable fusion method for GF-2 image. Test results showed that, among the four fusion methods, Pansharp transform achieved better fusion effect. It had the best subjective and objective qualitative evaluation; It had the highest overall classification accuracy in the maximum likelihood classification test. The experiment results indicated that the Pansharp transform had …

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Human Contour Extraction Based On Skeleton Matching, Zhang Yuan, Jiang Hao, Dengming Zhu, Zhaoqi Wang Jun 2020

Human Contour Extraction Based On Skeleton Matching, Zhang Yuan, Jiang Hao, Dengming Zhu, Zhaoqi Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To extract human contour in still images, we propose a human contour extraction method based on skeleton matching. Skeleton key points are points representing human skeleton in images. Optimal human contour key points corresponding to skeleton key pointscanbe extracted by constructing hidden Markov modelthrough skeleton key points and image pixels' edge information combined with human body morphology as prior knowledge. Few human contour key points can generate reasonable human contour. TheHermiteinterpolation is usedto connect these key points to obtain human contour. Experimentresults show thatour method can extract reasonable human contour in simple scene, andhas higher speed and achieves …

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Vehicle-Distance Measurement Based On Plate Area, Chunlian Yao, Shengnan Feng, Fangfang Zhang, Huilin Si Jun 2020

Vehicle-Distance Measurement Based On Plate Area, Chunlian Yao, Shengnan Feng, Fangfang Zhang, Huilin Si

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Estimating the distance between two vehicles is very important for transport safety. In order to keep the driving safety and avoid the traffic accidents, the visual-based vehicle detection and vehicle distance measurement are studied. In order to improve the detection precision and shorten the testing time, frame difference is combined with adaboost algorithm to detect vehicle. In the part of distance measurement, a method to calculate the distance between vehicles based on the pixels size of the vehicle's plate area in the image is proposed. Firstly, the image of the rear end of the vehicle is processed for …

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Three-Point Subdivision Scheme With Multi-Parameters For Reproducing Conic Splines, Huanxi Zhao, Qiu Xia Jun 2020

Three-Point Subdivision Scheme With Multi-Parameters For Reproducing Conic Splines, Huanxi Zhao, Qiu Xia

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A non-static and non-stationary three-point subdivision schemes with three parameters was proposed to generate piecewise C1 rational quadratic Bezier spline curves. In particular, for special values of the tension parameters, the proposed scheme will be capable of reproducing all conic sections exactly and conic spline curve. In addition, the proposed subdivision scheme is approximation-type, but the limit curve generated by such scheme interpolates the initial control points, and by selecting the appropriate parameters, the proposed scheme is circle-preserving, line-preserving, cusp-preserving. Numerical examples show that the proposed subdivision scheme has a strong modeling capability.

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Spatio-Temporal Data Organization Model Of Unified Ground And Aerial Battlefield And Its Application, Li Feng, Wan Gang, Bingchuan Jiang, Xuefeng Cao Jun 2020

Spatio-Temporal Data Organization Model Of Unified Ground And Aerial Battlefield And Its Application, Li Feng, Wan Gang, Bingchuan Jiang, Xuefeng Cao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the requirement of battlefield environment data in joint operations, a spatio-temporal data organization model of unified ground and aerial battlefield based on grid division is proposed in this paper. The sphere grid division is adopted to divide the space to extend to the time dimension. Also, the spatio-temporal grid coding is designed. The field and object are combined to build the BSTD organization model, where the sphere layer and sphere volume grid unit are used separately as the reference space to quantitatively describe the field, and the spatio-temporal grid coding is adopted to describe the …

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3d Scene Reconstruction Based On Mismatching Eliminating Algorithm, Liping Lin, Yaping Zhang Jun 2020

3d Scene Reconstruction Based On Mismatching Eliminating Algorithm, Liping Lin, Yaping Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For the case of mismatching in feature detection and matching based on SIFT algorithm, a method based on RANSAC is proposed in this paper to eliminate false matches. RANSAC treats all input data differently. An objective function is created and its parameters are estimated by iterative algorithm. All the data are divided into two categories based on the estimated parameters and the points that satisfy the estimated parameters are reserved and the points which do not satisfy the estimated parameters are eliminated. And then the function parameters are re-estimated with all the satisfied points. Experiment results show that …

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Multi-Character Animation Scene Construction Based On Crowd Patches, Wang Xin, Shao Lei, Shengyong Chen Jun 2020

Multi-Character Animation Scene Construction Based On Crowd Patches, Wang Xin, Shao Lei, Shengyong Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to simulate large-scale crowd motion, a synthesis method based on crowd motion patches is proposed. First, the characters' statistical model in a single crowd patch is obtained based on PCA by takingseveral sets of motion data with same semantics. An algorithm which controls the character's position in the motion crowd is proposed based on Voronoi diagram. A steady crowd motion model and detailed motion information of each character are achieved using the proposed algorithm. Finally, taking into account the random interactive motion of the crowd characters, we propose analgorithm that presents the interactions of characters …

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Image Segmentation And Offset Correction Based On Minimal Relative Entropy Theoryand Level Set Method, Xiuqiang Pan, Jinxiao Shan, Caifeng Yang Jun 2020

Image Segmentation And Offset Correction Based On Minimal Relative Entropy Theoryand Level Set Method, Xiuqiang Pan, Jinxiao Shan, Caifeng Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The new variational level set method is achieved with the combination of the traditional level set method and the energy function which is established by means of statistical model according to the minimal relative entropy.The new method isappliedto object segmentation and offset correction in intensity heterogeneous image.Object segmentation and offset correction are unified according to the evolution of the level set function, anda deviation estimation function with intrinsic smooth feature is obtained.The results prove that the overlapping areas between different tissues are significantly decreased and more accurate results are achieved. In addition, this model is not …

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Behavior Simulation Of Virtual Object Based On Physical Property, Yunbin Yang, Liangli He, Huaiyu Zhang, Lifan Wei Jun 2020

Behavior Simulation Of Virtual Object Based On Physical Property, Yunbin Yang, Liangli He, Huaiyu Zhang, Lifan Wei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: At present, because of the complexity and real-time requirement, the modeling and simulation method proposed in virtual assembly and maintenance based on physical property is difficult to apply. The development actuality of modeling and simulation method based on physical property is simply investigated. Product hierarchy information model and its implementation method are established, and fast modeling method based on physical property is presented. Behavior property description of virtual object using matrix is established and behavior property of virtual object is depicted in cases of grasp/placement, movement and drop. Behavior simulation method including force input method and force feedback method …

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Analysis And Optimization Of The Action Chain Mechanism In Agent2d Underlying In Robocup2d Soccer League, Chen Bing, Feifan Xu, Hanyan Xu, Zekai Cheng, Liu Cheng Jun 2020

Analysis And Optimization Of The Action Chain Mechanism In Agent2d Underlying In Robocup2d Soccer League, Chen Bing, Feifan Xu, Hanyan Xu, Zekai Cheng, Liu Cheng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In the RoboCup2D soccer league, Agent2D is one of the most widely used underlying team in China. Data transmission noise and the incomplete action chain mechanism make the underlying teams using Agent2D be lack of flexibility. This paper introduces an action correcting parameter and optimizes the operation of the action chain by reinforcement learning mechanism. The performance of the Agent2D underlying team is improved in the game and the adaptability of the team is enhanced. Simulation experiment results show that this method has a certain effect.

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Augmented Reality System Based On Depth Image Segmentation And Object Tracking, Jiabo Yang, Yang Gang, Yang Meng Jun 2020

Augmented Reality System Based On Depth Image Segmentation And Object Tracking, Jiabo Yang, Yang Gang, Yang Meng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In this paper, an augmented reality scheme that can achieve the virtual-real objects' interaction effectively is proposed. The depth camera, such as Kinect, is adopted to capture the depth image of scene, and then the segmentation and dynamic tracking of the scene objects are implemented based on the depth image. In the scene segmentation, we propose a scene segmentation strategy based on the prior knowledge. The large plane objects existing in the scene are firstly recognized according to the prior knowledge. Then, the clustering segmentation is applied to the remaining points to get the scene objects. This strategy is …

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