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Articles 271 - 300 of 1494
Full-Text Articles in Systems Science
Research And Simulation On Trajectory Control Of Telescopic Boom Aerial Work Platform For Hull Spray Painting, Wang Xin, Lingchong Gao, Zhaoqiu Huang, Yuchen Xiao
Research And Simulation On Trajectory Control Of Telescopic Boom Aerial Work Platform For Hull Spray Painting, Wang Xin, Lingchong Gao, Zhaoqiu Huang, Yuchen Xiao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Telescopic boom aerial work platform, which has been widely applied in ship building field, is taken as research object. An intelligent method of spray painting, continuous spray painting along hull's contour was proposed. Correspondence between position vector of boom's top and drive-space vector was established. A path planning strategy of continuous spray painting was designed, and the variation of driving-space vector was acquired when the path was known. The trajectory control system of intelligent spray painting was modeled in Simulink environment based on the transfer function of electro-hydraulic proportional position control system. The correction link made of …
Dem Clustering Simplification Algorithm Based On Fractal Dimension, Zhang Fan, Xiaoyang Li, Liu Huan, Hu Wei, Li Wei
Dem Clustering Simplification Algorithm Based On Fractal Dimension, Zhang Fan, Xiaoyang Li, Liu Huan, Hu Wei, Li Wei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Fractal is the essential characteristic of natural scenes. It can describe the irregular extent of surface topography, so it is used for digital terrain generation. As the inverse process of terrain generation, digital terrain simplification usually uses geometric properties such as curvature index as a measure to reduce the grid to improve the efficiency of electromagnetic solver calculations, flood modeling, visual simulation and other issues, while ignoring the fractal nature of the terrain features. Since a traditional simplification algorithm of DEM is difficult to identify the characteristics of complex topography, a new clustering simplification algorithm based on fractal dimension …
Simulated Training System Of Shipborne Helicopter Deck-Landing Command, Jianguo Wang, Qun E, Xiaogang Xu, Keming Yao, Xinlong Wan
Simulated Training System Of Shipborne Helicopter Deck-Landing Command, Jianguo Wang, Qun E, Xiaogang Xu, Keming Yao, Xinlong Wan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Ship borne helicopter landing on the deck is a complex and dangerous process, and the capability of the deck landing commanders has much influence to the helicopter landing safety. The environment system of ship borne helicopter deck landing was constructed, such as wave simulation, ship rocking simulation and assist deck landing lighting system. The ship borne helicopter landing simulation training system was designed and realized, including command gesture data acquisition, gesture recognition, etc. According to the characteristic of ship borne helicopter landing command, the system applied the gesture capture technology to the landing command training. The application indicates that …
Characteristics Study Of Internal Gas-Liquid Two Phase Flow Field Of Three Layers Of Air Stirred Tank Reactor, Xiaodong Hu, Dexin Zhang, Jiang Rong, Zenghui Wu, Tian Qiang
Characteristics Study Of Internal Gas-Liquid Two Phase Flow Field Of Three Layers Of Air Stirred Tank Reactor, Xiaodong Hu, Dexin Zhang, Jiang Rong, Zenghui Wu, Tian Qiang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The fluid dynamics and the gas-liquid distribution character in a three-layer stirred tank reactor with 2KSX (four wide blade propeller type stirrer) and PDT (parabolic disc turbine) were analyzed with the MRE (multi-reference frame) method based on Euler-Euler and population balance models. The total and local gas-hold were calculated. The conclusions show that: axial flow was produced by double stir upper KSX with radial flow produced by the third layer of PDT, gas-hold was improved with double-upper-layer stirrers axial driven and the lowest stirrer axial driven, gas-hold increased with the stirred time going on, which would not be extended …
Novel Modeling Of Memristive Cellular Neural Network And Its Circuit Simulation, Xiaohong Zhang, Linyu Liao, Lianghua Yu
Novel Modeling Of Memristive Cellular Neural Network And Its Circuit Simulation, Xiaohong Zhang, Linyu Liao, Lianghua Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The memristor as the fourth fundamental circuit component included along with the resistor, capacitor and inductor could simulate the storage memory function of brain neural network. A traditional three-dimensional CNN was designed, and the output function was implemented with the nonlinear characteristics of a flux-controlled memristor. The conventional electronic devices in Multisim were utilized to simulate flux-controlled memristor which simplified the output function part of the circuits. To compare with the CNN system which has chaotic behaviors, the circuits of novel memristive cellular neural network not only can show a chaos attractors phenomenon, but also the inner magnetic energy …
Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm Combined With Chaotic Mutation And Analysis Of Its Property, Huang Xia, Chunming Ye, Cao Lei
Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm Combined With Chaotic Mutation And Analysis Of Its Property, Huang Xia, Chunming Ye, Cao Lei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Inspired by the reproductive aggressive behavior of weeds in nature, invasive weed optimization algorithm (IWO) was developed as a novel bionic swarm intelligence optimization algorithm. An improved IWO algorithm was proposed on the basis of analyzing bionic principle and limitations of basic IWO, which applied an initialization strategy based on chaotic opposition-based learning, increased the diversity of the population through the mutation operator, and enhanced its ability to jump out of local optimal value by chaotic search around current elites. Simulation results for benchmark functions show that the proposed algorithm has improved optimization property compared with IWO, as an …
Trusted Modeling And Analysis Of Complex Software Systems Based On Spatial-Temporal Petri Nets, Li Gang, Longmei Han, Yongli Zhu
Trusted Modeling And Analysis Of Complex Software Systems Based On Spatial-Temporal Petri Nets, Li Gang, Longmei Han, Yongli Zhu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Complexity of complex software system is not only due to the coupling correlation software itself, but also the Internet environment has great influence on the complex software system, and it has not existed independently from the external environment. Petri net uses of place and transition meet the modeling of distributed system, support concurrency and asynchronous, but the basic Petri net can't completely describe the characteristic of complex software systems with time constraints. A Petri net modeling method based on spatial and temporal was proposed. From aspects of synergetic and software behavior, constraints on the characteristics of spatial and temporal, …
Calculation Of Transformer Core Loss Based On Finite Element Coupling Algorithm, Yongqiang Wang, Zhihong Zheng, Baolong Ouyang, Jianfang Li
Calculation Of Transformer Core Loss Based On Finite Element Coupling Algorithm, Yongqiang Wang, Zhihong Zheng, Baolong Ouyang, Jianfang Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to accurately calculate the deducting transformer core loss, on the basis of analysis on traditional finite element method and Steinmetz method, an edge-nodal coupled $E-\psi$ method was proposed to calculate the High Power High Frequency High Voltage transformer core loss. Taking a 20 kHz, 50 kV, 60 kW transformer for example, the 3D model was established to calculate the transformer core loss. By comparing the measured data of transformer core loss with the figures calculated by edge-nodal coupled $E-\psi$ method, NFEM, EFEM and Steinmetz method, the comparison results show that: the edge-nodal coupled $E-\psi$ method has higher …
Research On Scheduling Problem Of Single-Arm Cluster Tools With Residency Time Constraints, Lu Rui, Linying Li
Research On Scheduling Problem Of Single-Arm Cluster Tools With Residency Time Constraints, Lu Rui, Linying Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Considering the scheduling model and schedulibility for single-arm cluster tools with wafer residency time constraints, a mixed- integer linear programming model with both single-arm and temporal constraints for processing module was constructed. The rationality of equivalent processing time for concurrency module was theoretically proved. Based on this, the periodic wafer processing and transportation procedure for both single-arm and processing module was analyzed. Meanwhile, the schedulibility conditions for cluster tools were proved. The simulation experiments were carried out to test the model and schedulable conditions, and the results reveal the validity and feasibility of the presented model.
Cooperative Controller Design For Redundant Dual Arm Robot, Meiling Wang, Minzhou Luo
Cooperative Controller Design For Redundant Dual Arm Robot, Meiling Wang, Minzhou Luo
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Cooperative operation for a redundant dual arm robot can be divided into three modes, namely, independent mode, full constrained cooperative working mode and partly constrained cooperative working mode. The dynamic equations of both dual arms and the interactions between dual arms and the operating objects were established and derived based on the three modes, and a unified formulation was obtained. With focus on motion and force of the desired task being operated, a unified controller was designed which could be carried out based on two dynamic model based controllers, namely feedforward controller and computer torque controller. Simulations of dual …
Low-Complexity Soft-Decision Decoding Algorithm For Bch Code In Beidou System, Guowei Qu, Songfeng Deng
Low-Complexity Soft-Decision Decoding Algorithm For Bch Code In Beidou System, Guowei Qu, Songfeng Deng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A low-complexity soft-decision decoding algorithm based on the re-encoding technique was proposed for the BCH(15,11) code in BeiDou satellite navigation system. Several candidate information sequences were constructed by the soft-decision vector and then re-encoded in the algorithm if the error in the hard-decision result was detected. The correlation between each codeword and the soft-decision vector was calculated, and the codeword with the maximum correlation value was selected as decoding output. Simulation results show that the presented algorithm outperforms traditional hard-decision decoding at the expense of moderate complexity increase. Moreover, the storage of error-correction ROM signal is avoided. …
Improved Genetic Algorithm-Based Network Game Path Selection And Simulation, Jianping Gu, Mingmin Zhang, Meiliang Wang
Improved Genetic Algorithm-Based Network Game Path Selection And Simulation, Jianping Gu, Mingmin Zhang, Meiliang Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Traditional optimal path algorithm only sets the shortest path as the target, and it does not consider the network congestion and the number of users in game area for real-time situation, thus resulting in some limitations. According to the actual circumstance of network game, network game path selection model was proposed, and the improved genetic algorithm was employed for simulation. The method pre-processed the game map to get each road weighted length value for a real-time game map, and optimization solution was obtained through the genetic algorithm. A network game path selection method based on improved genetic algorithm was …
Study On Hand Gesture Recognition And Portfolio Optimization Model Based On Svm, Zhiwei Cai, Shuyan Wu, Junfeng Song
Study On Hand Gesture Recognition And Portfolio Optimization Model Based On Svm, Zhiwei Cai, Shuyan Wu, Junfeng Song
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Hand gesture recognition was researched. The idea of extracting related features was proposed by using SVM algorithm in machine learning domain, and combination optimization method was used, which consists of ANN, HMM and DTW, to do hand gesture recognition. The experimental results show that portfolio optimization model based gesture recognition method has high accuracy and is very effective.
State Estimation Approach By Fusing Delayed Measurements And Its Application, Pengcheng Qi, Zhonggai Zhao, Liu Fei
State Estimation Approach By Fusing Delayed Measurements And Its Application, Pengcheng Qi, Zhonggai Zhao, Liu Fei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In batch processes, the key parameters were usually obtained online with low accuracy or offline with large time delay, and a state estimation algorithm was proposed to estimate the key parameters by incorporating delayed measurements with the real-time measurements. Due to the different sampling intervals of these two kinds of measurements, two cases were analyzed, including the case of only real-time measurements available and the case of both real-time and delayed measurements available. Considering the nature of nonlinearity and non-Gaussianity in batch processes, the particle filter algorithm was introduced for the state estimation, and it was further extended …
Vehicle Routing Optimization Model Of Cold Chain Logistics Based On Stochastic Demand, Xiangguo Ma, Tongjuan Liu, Pingzhe Yang, Rongfen Jiang
Vehicle Routing Optimization Model Of Cold Chain Logistics Based On Stochastic Demand, Xiangguo Ma, Tongjuan Liu, Pingzhe Yang, Rongfen Jiang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The costs of vehicle distribution in the process of cold chain logistics is analyzed and amended; A mathematical model with mixing time window is built to balance the customers' service request with importance level; To minimize the total cost, a mathematical model which uses a factor to make balance between the stability of customer demand fluctuation and the cost increase in the assignment phase is established. Based on MATLAB software, the optical solution is found with adaptive genetic algorithm by taking the background of a distribution center to simulate and analyze.
Passive Radar Simulation And Evaluation System Based On Raw Signals, Xiaofeng Ai, Yonghu Zeng, Liandong Wang, Guangyong Zheng, Xiaoyang Wang, Manxi Wang
Passive Radar Simulation And Evaluation System Based On Raw Signals, Xiaofeng Ai, Yonghu Zeng, Liandong Wang, Guangyong Zheng, Xiaoyang Wang, Manxi Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Detection ability of the passive radar is very closely related with many factors in the real aplication. A method was proposed based on the raw data and the dynamic characteristics of a specific target. In this method, the reference and the surveillance channels' signals were obtained through the actual passive radar receiving system. The direct-path signal was reconstructed by using the reference signal. The target echo was obtained by modulating the direct-path signal with the echo power, delay and Doppler parameters, which was calculated with the move and scattering characteristics of target. Adding the target echo to surveillance channel, …
Modeling And Motion Analysis Of Multi-Bodies Dynamic Of Unmaned Parafoil Vehicle, Zhang Hao, Zili Chen, Jingang Qiu
Modeling And Motion Analysis Of Multi-Bodies Dynamic Of Unmaned Parafoil Vehicle, Zhang Hao, Zili Chen, Jingang Qiu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Unmanned Parafoil Vehicle (UPV) has gradually become a hotspot in the flexible wing vehicle research filed for its superior fight performance and advantages in application. An eight degrees of freedom (DOF) nonlinear dynamic model of UPV in mechanism law was proposed, aiming at the structure characteristics of the two flexible connections, and considering the added mass of canopy and the relative motion of two bodies. The response of model to different levels of thrust changes was simulated and analyzed, pulling a single steering line and pulling the left and right steering lines of canopy symmetrically on the steady state …
Wood Structure Nondestructive Detection Based On Singular Spectrum Analysis And Svm, Guoxiong Zhou, Aibin Chen, Xianyan Zhou
Wood Structure Nondestructive Detection Based On Singular Spectrum Analysis And Svm, Guoxiong Zhou, Aibin Chen, Xianyan Zhou
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In view of unknown defect of wood component defect, a method of wood structure nondestructive recognition based on Singular spectrum analysis and SVM was proposed. The wood specimen was tested to obtain the test signal by ultrasonic testing instrument. In order to eliminate the testing effect of the tester gain control and defect size, angle variation on the test defect echo amplitude, the abnormal fluctuation was to filter and characteristic of the original signal was extracted by singular spectrum analysis, and SVM could train the parameters and distinguish the wood defects. Simulation results show that the proposed method …
Simulation Research On Wireless Power Transmission System Of Cardiac Pacemaker Based On Magnetic Resonance, Xiuquan Liu, Yanhong Li, Huang Ping
Simulation Research On Wireless Power Transmission System Of Cardiac Pacemaker Based On Magnetic Resonance, Xiuquan Liu, Yanhong Li, Huang Ping
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at disadvantages of the battery limited supply time of the implantable cardiac pacemaker and the actual application of electromagnetic induction wireless power transmission (WPT) system, the resonant WPT technology was proposed. The basic working principle of a WPT system of the implantable cardiac pacemaker was introduced. Based on Magnetic resonance coupling and mutual inductance calculation model, the mathematics models of the WPT system of the cardiac pacemaker were established. By the accurate formulae of the mutual inductance of the primary and secondary coreless coils, the influences of the parameters, such as the axial distance, radial offset and coli …
Simulation Study On External Explode Of Large Equivalent Charge On Large Buildings, Weiping Zhao, Xiankun Ge, Chuanwu Liu, Fengchun Zhu
Simulation Study On External Explode Of Large Equivalent Charge On Large Buildings, Weiping Zhao, Xiankun Ge, Chuanwu Liu, Fengchun Zhu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The particle algorithm in AUTODYN, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), was used to simulate dynamic damage of the external explosion on large buildings, which provided a visual effect. The dynamic damage details of reinforced concrete and brick masonry structure at different time were proposed by the simulation of single component. Additionally, the overpressure of shock wave, caving velocity and kinetic energy were obtained. It shows that the caving can speed up to a maximum value of 152 m/s with the kinetic energy of 18 000 J, that means a great damage to personnel and equipment in the building. Under …
Study Of Light Extraction Efficiency For Thin-Film-Flip-Chip Light-Emitting Diodes With Periodic Spheroids, Xiaojie Yu, Li Kang, Fanmin Kong, Qingyang Yue
Study Of Light Extraction Efficiency For Thin-Film-Flip-Chip Light-Emitting Diodes With Periodic Spheroids, Xiaojie Yu, Li Kang, Fanmin Kong, Qingyang Yue
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The enhancement of light extraction efficiency for thin-film-flip-chip light-emitting diodes (LED) based gallium nitride (GaN) with triangular lattice periodic ellipsoid was studied. Three dimensional finite difference time domain methods (3D-FDTD) were applied to analyze the structural parameters (the period and ellipsoid height) effects on thin-film-flip-chip LED light extraction efficiency. FDTD numerical results prove that ellipsoids structure can improve LED light extraction efficiency and impair guide mode. Method rigorous coupled wave (RCWA) is adopted to analyze diffraction characteristics. This research results show that optimization of the periodic ellipsoid can improve thin-film-flip-chip LED light extraction efficiency increased by 2.8 times.
Phy Security Transmission Based On Antenna Selection And Artificial Noise, Deng Dan, Wang Wei, Zhao Ming
Phy Security Transmission Based On Antenna Selection And Artificial Noise, Deng Dan, Wang Wei, Zhao Ming
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A physical-layer security enhancement scheme based on antenna selection and artificial noise (ASAN) was proposed. In broadcast phase, the Relay node selected the optimal antenna subset, and transmitted the beamforming matrix and artificial noise vector simultaneously. Simulation results show that the ASAN scheme outperforms classical beamforming scheme. Compared with beamforming scheme, the proposed scheme shows about 2.5dB gain in ergodic secrecy capacity when antenna number of Relay is three, and 3dB gain when the antenna number is six. Specifically, the combined selection criterion shows the similar curve compared with the one-direction criterion, in which the Relay only needs the …
Evaluation Method Of Training Simulation Result Based On Grey Clustering And Analytic Hierarchy Process, Zhaobin Wu, Chen Li, Chunxia Zhao
Evaluation Method Of Training Simulation Result Based On Grey Clustering And Analytic Hierarchy Process, Zhaobin Wu, Chen Li, Chunxia Zhao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: An evaluation method based on grey relational analytic hierarchy process was proposed in order to improve rationality of evaluation training result of portable anti-air missile training simulation system. The evaluating indicators including definitions and calculation equations were proposed from three aspects including accuracy, rapidity and stationarity. The weights of the evaluating indicators were calculated by analytic hierarchy process of multiple experts, and the scores of the evaluating indicators were given by 0-1 process and grey clustering evaluation, and using the weights and scores of the evaluating indicators the training score could be obtained. An example of evaluation training result …
Research On Direct Torque Control Of Induction Motor Based On Svpwm, Yougui Guo, Dongqing Pan, Deng Cheng, Li Hui, Wenlang Deng
Research On Direct Torque Control Of Induction Motor Based On Svpwm, Yougui Guo, Dongqing Pan, Deng Cheng, Li Hui, Wenlang Deng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The traditional direct torque control of induction motor directly controls the flux and torque through hysteresis comparator, which leads to problems such as limited voltage control vectors, large flux and torque ripple. To solve the problems, adopting SVPWM-DTC, a direct toque control (DTC) method based on space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) was verified with a simulation. The results show that this method can improve the performances of DTC system efficiently and maintain the switch frequency constant at the same time. A practical application used in variable speed constant frequency double-fed wind power system was proposed, in which the …
Modeling And Simulation Of Executable Architecture Based On P-Devs, Jianpeng Hu, Linpeng Huang
Modeling And Simulation Of Executable Architecture Based On P-Devs, Jianpeng Hu, Linpeng Huang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Executable architecture modeling plays a vital role in the design of complex systems and System of Systems (SoS), but there is still no common view and standard, unified execution mechanism and environment for an executable architecture. Three major elements of executable architecting were analyzed and summarized with a comparison among the options of these elements. To realize automated transformation from graphical models to executable codes, a generic modeling approach to executable architecture of SoS based on Parallel Discrete Event System Specification (P-DEVS) was proposed, and a case study of airport SoS shows its feasibility and effectiveness.
Coupling Sph Model For Occupant Evacuation In Fires And Simulation, Zhihong Miao, Zhihui Li
Coupling Sph Model For Occupant Evacuation In Fires And Simulation, Zhihong Miao, Zhihui Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Computer simulation of evacuation can be very helpful in building design for fire protection and reducing casualty in compartment fire. A coupling model for occupant evacuation building fires was proposed. A continuous model was composed by treating pedestrians movement as fluid movement, and by using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method to discretize this continuous model, the model was transformed into a particle system. A method for coupling FDS into the occupant evacuation model was proposed, and the amounts of smoke density and smoke charge of pedestrian were used to determine the move direction of a pedestrian and …
Topology Modeling Of Information Grid Network For Military Applications, Mingqing Zhang, Meilin Wei, Hongshan Kong, Shuqin Dong
Topology Modeling Of Information Grid Network For Military Applications, Mingqing Zhang, Meilin Wei, Hongshan Kong, Shuqin Dong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the lack of military network topology research and incomprehensive consideration of topology modeling factors, a topology modeling method of information grid network for military applications was proposed. AS-level and router level topology generation algorithms were designed. A seamless integration scheme between two topologies was proposed. Simulation experiments about meeting the conditions for the topological properties and topology model deployment strategy in network simulation environment were implemented. The simulation results show that the information grid network can be remained stable in the overall nature with considering the growth, death, “preferential attachment”, invulnerability and other factors of …
Simulation & Analysis Of Liquid Metal Conical Helical Antenna, Zhou Yun, Shaojun Fang, Shiqiang Fu, Zhongbao Wang
Simulation & Analysis Of Liquid Metal Conical Helical Antenna, Zhou Yun, Shaojun Fang, Shiqiang Fu, Zhongbao Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to replace the solid metal antenna, a novel liquid metal conical helical antenna was presented. The antenna is easy to adjust its shape. The circularly polarized antenna has the characteristics of small size, high gain, wide bandwidth, and it is easy to reconstruct. Taking maritime satellite communications as an example, the proposed antenna was designed, simulated and optimized for antenna impedance matching with HFSS software, and a good circularly polarized radiation and impedance characteristics for the antenna were obtained. The simulated results show that: in the entire maritime satellite communication work band (1 525-1 660.5 …
Simulation And Optimization For Bulk Terminal Yard Scheduling, Dongbo Hu, Li Pan, Binbin Zhang, Guozhi Liang
Simulation And Optimization For Bulk Terminal Yard Scheduling, Dongbo Hu, Li Pan, Binbin Zhang, Guozhi Liang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Yard is the central part of the operation process of the whole terminal. In fact, the operation of lots of bulk terminal is unscientific, which severely restricts the turnover efficiency and the throughput of the terminal. Taking the coal terminal as an example and based on its operation process, the dispatching simulation model involving all parts of the operation was established and the rules of use of the yard grids was brought forward. By optimizing the operation strategy and related parameters, it is significant to improve the input quantity of bulk terminal and the turnover efficiency.
Study On Comprehensive Performance Of Roadheader Shovel Based On Simulation Optimization Method, Dayong Wang, Wang Hui
Study On Comprehensive Performance Of Roadheader Shovel Based On Simulation Optimization Method, Dayong Wang, Wang Hui
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: An improved genetic algorithm that integrates into non-uniform mutation operator and niching technology, which could run toward the optimal solution effectively, and to better maintain the diversity of the solution and high convergence speed was proposed. Meanwhile, taking shovel width and shovel dip for design variables optimizes loading capacity, shovel grubbing force and shovel coaming thickness of roadheader shovel. Optimization results show that: shovel width is reduced by 1.33%, shovel dip is reduced by 9.47%, and Shovel coaming thickness is increased by 11.4%, which has a significant effect on the overall stability of roadheader and the shovel strength. …