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Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2019

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Articles 271 - 300 of 1263

Full-Text Articles in Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering

Overview Of Digital Twins Application And Safe Development, Li Xin, Liu Xiu, Xinxin Wan Nov 2019

Overview Of Digital Twins Application And Safe Development, Li Xin, Liu Xiu, Xinxin Wan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The Digital Twins simulate the whole process of the manufacture, and promote the development of smart manufacturing and other fields. In view of the rapid development and application of Digital Twins, the concept and history of Digital Twins are outlined, and its related technology system is given. The main application and development trend of Digital Twins in intelligent manufacturing as while as the main characters of Digital Twins in smart cities are combed. The cyber security problem of Digital Twins is discussed for intelligent manufacturing and smart cities. The scheme and suggestion are given for ensuring the cyber security …

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Spatiotemporal Characteristics Of Air Pollutants, Meteorology And Traffic During Heavy Haze Pollution In Beijing, Dongmei Hu, Jianping Wu, Kun Tian, Lüchao Liao, Yiman Du Nov 2019

Spatiotemporal Characteristics Of Air Pollutants, Meteorology And Traffic During Heavy Haze Pollution In Beijing, Dongmei Hu, Jianping Wu, Kun Tian, Lüchao Liao, Yiman Du

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: We analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollutants, meteorology, and average road speed during a heavy haze pollution period; and explored the combined impacts of temporary traffic restrictions and meteorological conditions on air quality. The results showed that five pollution stages were identified with remarkable variation patterns based on the evolution of PM2.5 concentration and weather conditions; and it also showed that the southern sites experienced heavier pollution than the northern sites. Stage P3 exhibited a combined effect of meteorology and traffic restrictions with delayed functions. A good AQI was more likely with higher temperature and lower humidity. …

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Stereo Matching Based On Enhanced Message Passing For Investigation Of Traffic Accident Scenes, Jingzhou Huang, Houpan Zhou, Liliang Wang, Xiaofang Huang, Li Na Nov 2019

Stereo Matching Based On Enhanced Message Passing For Investigation Of Traffic Accident Scenes, Jingzhou Huang, Houpan Zhou, Liliang Wang, Xiaofang Huang, Li Na

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The investigation of traffic accident scenes requires restoring real scenes in a given time, and it can be implemented through binocular vision technique. For its core procedure—stereo matching, we studied the popular hierarchical belief propagation (HBP) algorithm and presented an improved approach which contained two modules: optimization in the native level and cost transmission between adjacent levels. The optimization ability is improved by enhancing the impact of message passing within and between levels for estimating disparities of unmatched points and correcting wrong disparities. Experiment results show that the optimization ability of the improved approach has been enhanced, and …

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Visual Simulation Of Dynamic Burning Scene Of Single Plant, Weilong Ding, Linfeng Luo, Zheng Lei, Fuli Wu, Lifeng Xu Nov 2019

Visual Simulation Of Dynamic Burning Scene Of Single Plant, Weilong Ding, Linfeng Luo, Zheng Lei, Fuli Wu, Lifeng Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: At present, the research of the interactive process between plants and the flame mainly focuses on the visual simulation of forest fire scenario, but it is lack of the study on description of the interaction of individual plants and flame in detail. Aiming at this issue, this paper proposed a visual solution to model the process of a single plant burning. We established a plant model based on the branch node relationship and used particle system to model the flame. We set up a distance temperature field around a flame by using bounding sphere, and used a collision …

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Simulation Analysis Of Self-Driving Travelling Routes, Sun Ling, Ya Dong, Liu Wei, Guanyun Yang Nov 2019

Simulation Analysis Of Self-Driving Travelling Routes, Sun Ling, Ya Dong, Liu Wei, Guanyun Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: China's tourism industry develops rapidly. By building self-driving traveling plan model and using traversal algorithm and stochastic optimization algorithm, the area optimal travel plans with Matlab simulation are obtained. If traveling time is too long in one area, the K-mean clustering algorithm can be used to divide it into two parts for simulation. A case study of 5A attractions in China is used for establishing a national self-driving traveling plan model. The concept of the Time Value is proposed. By comparing the travel modes of plane, train and car, the common model is established. The sensitivity analysis of Time …

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Travel Time Reliability Of Inside Area Of Roundabouts, Yuzhou Duan, Tingting Chai, Jian Jie Nov 2019

Travel Time Reliability Of Inside Area Of Roundabouts, Yuzhou Duan, Tingting Chai, Jian Jie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the travel time reliability, this paper analyzes the traffic states in the inside area of the roundabout. The travel time reliability model is established from three aspects: route path, entrance and system, and the practicability of the model is verified by the VISSIM simulation. On this basis, the correlation analysis is made on between the adjacent paths of the same entrance and adjacent paths of the adjacent entrances, and the fitting equations are obtained. Taking the number of lanes, traffic volumes, proportion of left-turns and the rate of heavy vehicles as variables, a sensitivity analysis …

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Integrated Simulation Optimization Of Hard Shoulder Running Combined With Speed Harmonization, Ruimin Li, Ye Zhen, Bin Li Nov 2019

Integrated Simulation Optimization Of Hard Shoulder Running Combined With Speed Harmonization, Ruimin Li, Ye Zhen, Bin Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: We have a study on hard shoulder running (HSR) combined with speed harmonization. The breakdown events were screened out during the study period from massive detector data. The impact of hard shoulder volume on breakdown probabilities was analyzed. The nonparametric breakdown probabilities distribution model and logistic regression model were put forward based on highway mainline traffic volume, hard shoulder volume and ramp volume from the study case which was divided into three factors-basic segment, on-ramp merging segment and off-ramp diverging segment. The speed harmonization and HSR were optimized through reducing the traffic breakdown probabilities of a congested traffic network. …

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Dynamic Interference Detection Algorithm For Bearing With Scar, Jinyuan Jia, Naihao Zheng Nov 2019

Dynamic Interference Detection Algorithm For Bearing With Scar, Jinyuan Jia, Naihao Zheng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the dynamic interference detection problem of scar bearing in visual assembly, an efficient dynamic interference inspection algorithm for scar bearing is proposed. The first step is to perform vertex management on the 3D reconstructed scar bearing model through the quad-tree; the second step is to select the appropriate algorithm for the calculation of the maximum interference distance by considering bearing shape and its motion characteristics. The research shows that the algorithm can quickly and efficiently test the dynamic interference and calculate the interference distance for the bearing with scar, which can effectively improve the efficiency of bearing …

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Optimal Compensation Control Strategy For Four-Axle Vehicle With All-Wheel Steering System, Baohua Wang, Yu Chao Nov 2019

Optimal Compensation Control Strategy For Four-Axle Vehicle With All-Wheel Steering System, Baohua Wang, Yu Chao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of poor stability of traditional multi-axle commercial vehicles, an optimal control strategy for multi-axle steering wheel is proposed. Through the establishment of the four-axis vehicle model, the wheel angle proportional feed-forward control algorithm and the yaw rate feedback control algorithm are studied. The optimal compensating control algorithm of the wheel angle proportional feed-forward and yaw rate feedback is proposed, and the control strategy is also verified through joint simulation. The results show that the full-wheel steering optimal compensation control strategy can keep the center-of-mass skew angle close to zero at all vehicle speeds, …

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Adaptive Backstepping Control Based Closed-Loop I/F Control Of Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, Chang Da, Yu Yang, Zengqiang Mi, Xiaoming Zheng, Chenjun Sun Nov 2019

Adaptive Backstepping Control Based Closed-Loop I/F Control Of Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, Chang Da, Yu Yang, Zengqiang Mi, Xiaoming Zheng, Chenjun Sun

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A novel strategy applied closed-loop adaptive back-stepping control to permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is proposed targeting the problem of the modification of torque for mechanical elastic energy storage (MEES) system utilizing PSMG as power source. This paper establishes the mathematical model of MEES system and PMSG, and presents the closed-loop adaptive backstepping control which makes the angle between the dq axis oriented by the current of stator and the dq axis oriented by the rotor a constant value via the speed and current closed-loop based on the analysis of open-loop I/f control. The closed-loop adaptive back-stepping control can …

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Future Traffic Accident Risk Investigation Based On Human-Machine-Environment Factors, Yuan Quan, Gao Yan, Chenlu Qiu Nov 2019

Future Traffic Accident Risk Investigation Based On Human-Machine-Environment Factors, Yuan Quan, Gao Yan, Chenlu Qiu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the theory of human-machine-environment system engineering, this paper investigated the developing trends of autonomous vehicles and the types of traffic crashes in China, and integrated changing human-vehicle-road factors of traffic system to speculate the possible new types and scenarios of traffic crashes. The recent occurred crash cases involving autonomous vehicles were concerned and investigated. In future, some new affecting factors such as the mix traffic with various autonomous vehicles and piloted vehicles, the switching of driving behavior between human and machine, and the information security of intelligent traffic system, may cause traffic crashes. Among these, the human …

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Potential Users Of Battery Electric Vehicle Based On Big Data Of Floating Vehicles, Kong Yuan, Yiman Du, Jianping Wu, Kezhen Hu Nov 2019

Potential Users Of Battery Electric Vehicle Based On Big Data Of Floating Vehicles, Kong Yuan, Yiman Du, Jianping Wu, Kezhen Hu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Nowadays, the Chinese government is strongly pushing the adoption of new energy vehicles, so it is of great significance to find the most suitable users of EV (Electric Vehicle). This paper did a data mining work to find out target user group of EV based on two-month traveling data, driver information and vehicle attribute information of 12,000 floating vehicles in Beijing. The results show that residential area is more suitable to push the adoption of EV than other functional areas; adding charging piles in the destination area can turn the 9.2% of drivers who are not suitable for EV …

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Simulation Estimation On Directional Green-Wave Traffic Control In Nanning City, Yiman Du, Hongfan Su, Chen Yu, Longfei Liu, Jianping Wu Nov 2019

Simulation Estimation On Directional Green-Wave Traffic Control In Nanning City, Yiman Du, Hongfan Su, Chen Yu, Longfei Liu, Jianping Wu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Due to the noticeable development of Nanning city, traffic congestion has become a serious problem, especially during the peak hours along the Binhu road. The development of Nanning city is restricted by the imbalance distribution of traffic flow. In order to ease the overload burden of traffic along the Binhu road during the peak hours, the current problems are analyzed and some solutions with directional green-wave traffic control are proposed. Traffic microscopic simulation software is used to estimate the improvement between before and after implementations of the solutions.

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Research And Simulation Verification Of Integrated Access Technology For Electrical Equipment Based On Edge Computing, Zou Ping, Ruijie Shi, Xike Wu, Chuang Li, Yilin Zhang, Huang Jian, Li Lin Nov 2019

Research And Simulation Verification Of Integrated Access Technology For Electrical Equipment Based On Edge Computing, Zou Ping, Ruijie Shi, Xike Wu, Chuang Li, Yilin Zhang, Huang Jian, Li Lin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of information islands existing in the production process of traditional electrical equipment, this paper proposes a technology for equipment integration into the industrial internet cloud platform. Based on the edge computing and WebService technologies, two models of device integration direct access and indirect access were established. The direct access model was verified by application simulation in a production workshop, which realized the high-speed and stable data transmission between the equipment and the industrial internet cloud platform. The results show that the technology is feasible and effective. The application of this device integration …

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Novel Star Map Identification Algorithm Using Improved Radial Features, Junyang Zhao, Zhili Zhang, Dianjian Liu, Zhaofa Zhou, Zhenjun Chang Nov 2019

Novel Star Map Identification Algorithm Using Improved Radial Features, Junyang Zhao, Zhili Zhang, Dianjian Liu, Zhaofa Zhou, Zhenjun Chang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to improve the star map identification efficiency and insure the identification veracity, the radial feature is ameliorated by cyclic feature, and a new star map identification method based on the ameliorative radial feature matching is proposed. The star map data are processed according to quadrant order to establish the database of new radial feature. The radial feature matching between the observation stars in the matching star map and the reference star in the feature database is carried out in the order of circumferential quadrant. The star with the largest count in the star database is the final …

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Study On The Matching Mediation Method Between Virtual Maintenance Personnel And Work Steps, Yunrong Zhang, Zhili Zhang, Xiangyang Li, Weichang Xu, Kuixia Han, Li Liang Nov 2019

Study On The Matching Mediation Method Between Virtual Maintenance Personnel And Work Steps, Yunrong Zhang, Zhili Zhang, Xiangyang Li, Weichang Xu, Kuixia Han, Li Liang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that each maintenance worker cannot play a full role in dealing with the concurrent conflict of maintenance steps, this paper puts forward a matching mechanism between maintenance steps and maintenance workers according to the level of authority, expounds the status information of maintenance workers, divides the difficulty level of maintenance steps, and gives the matching process between maintenance workers and maintenance steps. The matching process is modeled and simulated by using colored Petri nets and CPN tools. The simulation results show that the matching mechanism can solve the problem that the role of …

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Two-Machine Co-Simulation Based On Mobile Augmented Reality, Zhili Zhang, Wang Chao, Long Yong, Shaodi Wang Nov 2019

Two-Machine Co-Simulation Based On Mobile Augmented Reality, Zhili Zhang, Wang Chao, Long Yong, Shaodi Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problems that virtual training system was not convenient and was only performed in a single operation at present, a dual-machine collaborative system based on mobile augmented reality was designed. A portable augmented reality system was developed on the Unity3D platform with Tango technology. The photon server and LAN architecture were built on the basis. The client was built on the mobile platform of Lenovo PHAB2 Pro, and the co-simulation on dual-machine was implemented. Resultof the simulation proved the feasibility of combining augmented reality with photon server, and provided a set of practical development solutions for …

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Numerical Simulation For Airflow Field Around Car Wheels, Haibo Huang, Xudong Yu, Qingguo Liu, Zhang Tao, Jianan Dong Nov 2019

Numerical Simulation For Airflow Field Around Car Wheels, Haibo Huang, Xudong Yu, Qingguo Liu, Zhang Tao, Jianan Dong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The airflow field characteristics around the wheels have great influence on the flying of road dust and tire wear particles. Using the rotating wall boundary technology, an aerodynamic model of the vehicle-tire was built and verified. The airflow field around the wheels was obtained. The results show that the two airflows between the wheel and the wheel guard meet leading to the vortex. The airflows mainly overflow near the intersection. Due to the significant pumping effects, the airflow tends to fly to outside and upward near the front and rear wheels, respectively. In the …

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Multi-Agent Modeling And Simulation On China's Marine Energy Channel Security, Yongchen Guo, Shen Yang Nov 2019

Multi-Agent Modeling And Simulation On China's Marine Energy Channel Security, Yongchen Guo, Shen Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Security factors influencing China's offshore energy channel are analyzed, and the actual situation of China's oil import and transportation is described. Based on multi-agent modeling and simulation method, and starting at the micro level, the energy transport process is simulated and a multi-agent model of China's offshore energy channel (middle east lines) is built; and the simulation program on the NetLogo platform is conducted. The results show that the quantity of China’s VLCC is far from enough; the security impact of tropical cyclones is more serious than that of pirates; the increase proportion of carrier’s quantity is usually lower …

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Effect Of Flow Field Environment On Microstructure Surface Preventing Microorganism Attachment, Chunxi Li, Quanxi Xue, Xiangshan Zhang, Xuemin Ye Nov 2019

Effect Of Flow Field Environment On Microstructure Surface Preventing Microorganism Attachment, Chunxi Li, Quanxi Xue, Xiangshan Zhang, Xuemin Ye

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The kinetic characteristics of microorganism model moving in different surfaces and flow field environments are simulated. The internal flow dynamics and the inherent mechanism of antifouling on microstructure surface are examined. The results indicate that for the static flow field, vortices are generated in the micro-pits as microorganism moves above microstructure surface. The velocity in the microstructure surface is greater than that in the smooth surface, and the strain rate and shear stress exerted on microorganism are relatively smaller resulting in the rapid passing the microstructure surface. For the dynamic flow field, the flow field presents regular fluctuations …

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Simulation Of Gas-Liquid Mixing Flow In A Stirred Tank With Inverted Umbrella-Type Surface Aerator, Wenli Wei, Weili Lou, Panpan Li, Yuling Liu Nov 2019

Simulation Of Gas-Liquid Mixing Flow In A Stirred Tank With Inverted Umbrella-Type Surface Aerator, Wenli Wei, Weili Lou, Panpan Li, Yuling Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The way of computational fluid dynamics with k-ε turbulence model as well as multiple reference frame method was used to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of gas-liquid mixing flow in a stirred tank installed with an inverted umbrella-type surface aerator. The inverted umbrella aerator consists of eight blades, and rotates at 5.23rad/s. The main purpose of this simulation is to study the distributions of air volume fraction and characteristics of mixing flow. The simulation results show that the distribution of the mixing flow is symmetrical; the change rules of the gas distribution at different positions along the axis direction are …

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Dynamic Demand Forecast Of Emergency Materials For Flood Disasters Based On Improved Gm (1,1) Model, Zhongjun Hu, Yanqiu Liu, Li Jia Nov 2019

Dynamic Demand Forecast Of Emergency Materials For Flood Disasters Based On Improved Gm (1,1) Model, Zhongjun Hu, Yanqiu Liu, Li Jia

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The sudden and uncertainties of the flood disaster make it difficult to collect large sample data for forecasting the demand of emergency materials quickly and accurately. Based on this, this paper proposes an improved GM (1,1) dynamic forecasting model based on the gray system theory; constructs the dynamic demand model of emergency materials in combination with the inventory management method; and takes the real flood disaster in March 2016 as a case study. The validity of the model proposed in this paper is verified. The results show that the improved GM (1,1) model is feasible and practicable, and …

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Parameter Optimization Analysis For Double Reheat Units Based On Particle Swarm Optimization, Wenfeng Fu, Haiwen Chen, Lanjing Wang Nov 2019

Parameter Optimization Analysis For Double Reheat Units Based On Particle Swarm Optimization, Wenfeng Fu, Haiwen Chen, Lanjing Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The thermodynamic system parameter optimization was established for double reheat ultra-supercritical units. Taking a 660MW unit as an example, some vital parameters including feedwater enthalpy rise distribution, feedwater temperature, reheat steam pressure, number of feedwater heaters and main steam parameter were analyzed based on particle swarm optimization. The result shows the unit thermal efficiency can be further improved by optimizing apparatus interface parameters. The second reheat pressure has more influence on the unit thermal efficiency than the first reheat pressure. When adding the number of feedwater heaters, low pressure heater is a better choice for improving unit thermal efficiency. …

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Error Control On Unequal Diameter Machining Of Arc Surface Cam, Hu Dongfang, Jianwei Guo Nov 2019

Error Control On Unequal Diameter Machining Of Arc Surface Cam, Hu Dongfang, Jianwei Guo

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The effective control for the machining error is an important means for obtaining high precision and high efficiency of the unequal diameter profile machining of the arc surface cam. According to the space meshing principle and the rotation transformation tensor method, the contact line between the tool and the cam is analyzed; the cutter position offset and direction in the machining process are calculated. The actual working profile of the unequal diameter machining cam equation is established. Calculation method of normal error of globoid cam profile is deduced by the principle of differential geometry. The comparison between the …

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Two-Level Spare Parts Support Effectiveness Evaluation Model Under (S-K, S) Supply Strategy, Songshi Shao, Wei Yong Nov 2019

Two-Level Spare Parts Support Effectiveness Evaluation Model Under (S-K, S) Supply Strategy, Songshi Shao, Wei Yong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Spares are one of the important factors of the operational readiness and the mission success. The (S-K, S) supply strategy is proposed based on the multi-level supply mode according to spares’ reliability and price. Simulation model is established to evaluate the support effectiveness of spare parts by the principle of discrete event simulation. The analytical evaluation model is also established by Gamma distribution characteristics. An approximate model is verified and compared in an example; the results show that the calculation results of the two models are consistent; and the results of approximate model are …

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Quantity Optimization Of Aircraft Ground Deicing Equipment Based On Flight Dynamics, Bin Chen, Liwen Wang Nov 2019

Quantity Optimization Of Aircraft Ground Deicing Equipment Based On Flight Dynamics, Bin Chen, Liwen Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Flight delays and deicing equipment parameter optimization questions were studied aiming at two kinds of typical airport. The formation mechanism of deicing flight delay queue was studied, and the flight delay queue model was proposed corresponding to the departure dynamics of triangle and parabolic shape function. An optimization model of deicing nozzle quantity demand for two typical flight departure dynamics was established aiming at minimizing the flight delay and deicing cost. The nozzle quantity demand optimization model was simulated and verified using deicing flight dynamic data of Beijing International Airport and Harbin Taiping Airport. Simulation results are close to …

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Extending Lifetime Of Sensor Networks Based On Sleep-Scheduled Routing Algorithm, Zhuojin Pan, Stuart D., Luo Zhen, Yang Hua Nov 2019

Extending Lifetime Of Sensor Networks Based On Sleep-Scheduled Routing Algorithm, Zhuojin Pan, Stuart D., Luo Zhen, Yang Hua

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to minimize energy consumption of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks, this paper presents an Energy Efficient Sleep-Scheduled Tree-Based Routing Protocol (EESSTBRP) that modifies the chain formation in PEGASIS to create a set of paired and unpaired nodes in the network based on a distance and sensing range threshold. The paired nodes switch between active and sleep modes so as to remove redundant data and save battery power. To minimize energy consumption as nodes switching between the modes, this scheme considers the transitioning to be done based on a point of near depletion of the nodes’ residual …

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Ship Speed Optimization Based On Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Algorithm, Jinfeng Zhang, Taoning Yang, Weihao Ma Nov 2019

Ship Speed Optimization Based On Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Algorithm, Jinfeng Zhang, Taoning Yang, Weihao Ma

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Ship speed optimization is an effective means to reduce operational costs in the downturn of shipping. To deal with the conflict between reducing the operating cost and reducing the ship emissions, the multi-objective ship speed optimization model is proposed based on the influence of the actual wind and wave. The MOPSO algorithm is introduced to solve the Pareto optimal solution set, and the compromise speed is an effective tradeoff based on the improved TOPSIS algorithm. The operational shipping route is selected as an example to simulate and verify the model. The results show that the operating costs and …

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Parameter Matching Optimization Of Pure Electric Vehicle Based On Firefly Algorithm, Li Yan, Yigang He Nov 2019

Parameter Matching Optimization Of Pure Electric Vehicle Based On Firefly Algorithm, Li Yan, Yigang He

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: According to the design requirements and technical index of pure electric vehicle, the parameters of motor and battery related to power and economic performance are selected based on the computing results. Based on ADVISOR, a vehicle model of pure electric vehicle is established in MATLAB environment with the corresponding parameters validating the simulation results. On this basis, the multi-objective function is established, which includes the power performance, economic performance and cost price. This function is optimized by the firefly algorithm, which makes the dynamic parameters, the dynamic performance and economy performance of pure electric vehicle be improved significantly and …

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Comparison And Analysis Of Output Performance Of Different Pv Structures Under Shadows, Yonghong Xia, Mengru Li, Jianbo Xin, Zen Fanpeng, Yunjun Yu Nov 2019

Comparison And Analysis Of Output Performance Of Different Pv Structures Under Shadows, Yonghong Xia, Mengru Li, Jianbo Xin, Zen Fanpeng, Yunjun Yu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The output power of PV array not only depends on the irradiance intensity of the partial shadows, but also on the shadows shape. For the serious power loss under partial shadows of the traditional SP (Series-Parallel) and TCT (Total-Cross-Tied) structures, an optimized TCT structure is proposed. Output capacity comparison was made based on the three structures in five shadow modes under the circumstances of the severe shadows and uneven irradiation. By using Matlab/ Simulink software, the output performance of the three structures was simulated under different shadow shapes in symmetrical and asymmetric arrays. The results show that PV array …

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