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2019

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Articles 301 - 330 of 1263

Full-Text Articles in Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering

Lpv Controller Design Of Wind Turbine With Maximum Power Point Tracking, Zheng Yang, Dinghui Wu, Zhicheng Ji Nov 2019

Lpv Controller Design Of Wind Turbine With Maximum Power Point Tracking, Zheng Yang, Dinghui Wu, Zhicheng Ji

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A design method of the polytopic controller under the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is proposed in addressing the low efficiency of the wind turbine under rated wind speed and uncertainty of the wind speed. Considering high nonlinearity of the aerodynamic system, the Jacobi linearization and the convex decomposition technique are employed to transform the wind turbine system into a polytopic linear parameter varying (LPV) model with the bias torque of the aerodynamic torque as the scheduling variable. By solving the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), a polytopic LPV controller is obtained. The simulation results show that the designed controller …


Spatial Spectrum Estimation Method Of Flank Twin-Line Array Based On Cross-Spectrum Correlation, Zhizhong Li, Wang Sen, Zhongliang Xu, Weiguo Dai, Qijun Liu Nov 2019

Spatial Spectrum Estimation Method Of Flank Twin-Line Array Based On Cross-Spectrum Correlation, Zhizhong Li, Wang Sen, Zhongliang Xu, Weiguo Dai, Qijun Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Considering the structural features of the flank twin-line array, researches on spatial spectrum estimation of twin-line array based on adaptive beam-forming and cross-spectrum correlation were carried out. A spatial spectrum estimation method based on cross-spectrum correlation is proposed according to the theory of cross-spectrum. The study of spectrum estimation performance comparison of the twin-line array was finished by that method combined with the conventional beam-forming and the adaptive beam-forming respectively. The results prove that the method based on cross-spectrum correlation has a better capability in noise suppression; and the method, which combined adaptive beam-forming with cross-spectrum correlation, is the …


Sliding Mode Auto Disturbance Rejection Control Of Pmsm Without Speed Sensor, Limin Hou, Yifu Ren, Hengfei Liu, Lin Dong Nov 2019

Sliding Mode Auto Disturbance Rejection Control Of Pmsm Without Speed Sensor, Limin Hou, Yifu Ren, Hengfei Liu, Lin Dong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of parameter setting and response speed of the traditional ADRC method, a kind of novel sliding mode auto disturbance rejection speed controller is designed, and a sliding mode adaptive speed control system of PMSM without speed sensor is established. The nonlinear disturbance observer (NDOB) is used to replace the extended state observer (ESO) integrated disturbance estimation. The sliding mode control is introduced in the nonlinear state error feedback control; the sliding mode ADRC current controller and speed controller are designed; and the stability is proved by using Lyapunov theory. The rotor position and speed of …


Influence Of Composite Materials Surface Metal Mesh On Helicopter Lightning Stroke Effects, Junling Huang, Jiayu Xie Nov 2019

Influence Of Composite Materials Surface Metal Mesh On Helicopter Lightning Stroke Effects, Junling Huang, Jiayu Xie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The metal wire mesh is usually adopted to prevent the lightning stroke on composite materials. The effects of different materials and different thickness of metal mesh on helicopter lightning electromagnetic effect are compared. According to the method recommended by SAE-ARP5416, a numerical simulation software is used for carrying out the high current injection simulation. The results show that the surface mount metal mesh can effectively reduce the harm of lightning electromagnetic coupling effect; the difference between aluminum and copper on anti-lightning stroke effect is not obvious; when the thickness of aluminum grid is less than 0.15 mm, the …


Signal Control Strategy And Simulation For Vehicles Alternatively Passing Construction Area Of Two-Lane Road, Haipeng Shao, Binbin Zheng, Linxu Long Nov 2019

Signal Control Strategy And Simulation For Vehicles Alternatively Passing Construction Area Of Two-Lane Road, Haipeng Shao, Binbin Zheng, Linxu Long

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The construction area of the two-lane roads can form the road bottlenecks easily, leading to the capacity of the road reducing. Aiming to keep the vehicle passing the construction area safely and efficiently, we added the strategy of signal control in the construction area. We built a suitable signal control model for the construction area of the two-lane road. By using the simulation software of Vissim, we established the related simulation models. By using the control variable method to change the simulation parameters and by changing the arrival traffic and speed, we got the influences and rules to the …


3d Mesh Editing Method For Virtual Double Eyelid Surgery, Guan Tong, Juntao Ye, Guanghui Ma, Xiaopeng Zhang Nov 2019

3d Mesh Editing Method For Virtual Double Eyelid Surgery, Guan Tong, Juntao Ye, Guanghui Ma, Xiaopeng Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A virtual cosmetic surgery system involves lots of human-computer interactions,and the achieved effects rely on the skills of the operator. Virtual double-fold eyelid surgery is a function that is either missing or implemented with less accuracy in commercial software. To solve these problems, we propose an algorithm that can automatically generate virtual double-fold eyelid path taking advantage of geodesic line. In terms of algorithms, this method adopts a self-adaptive subdivision strategy to avoid losing shapes of the deformation outcomes. Results of experiments show stability, high efficiency and usability of our method.


Thermodynamic Simulation Of Carbonitride Precipitation In Micro-Alloyed Steel, Weigang Li, Yang Wei, Liu Chao, Baokang Yan Nov 2019

Thermodynamic Simulation Of Carbonitride Precipitation In Micro-Alloyed Steel, Weigang Li, Yang Wei, Liu Chao, Baokang Yan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A mathematical model for calculating the precipitation of carbonitride in the process of hot rolling of composite micro-alloyed steel is established, and the interaction between the carbonitride and AlN is considered. In view of the difficulties of the thermodynamic model that the variables are multiple, the equations are nonlinear and the boundary conditions are determined difficultly, the Newton-Raphson numerical algorithm characterized by coupled problem is adopted. The precipitation starting temperature and precipitation sequence of carbonitride and AlN at different compositions are determined. The equilibrium composition of elements in austenite, the composition and mass fraction of carbonitride precipitates, as well …


Serious Game Human-Computer Interaction Design For Rehabilitation Training, Jiajia Wu, Liu Zhen, Huihuang Xu, Tingting Liu, Wang Jin, Yanjie Chai Nov 2019

Serious Game Human-Computer Interaction Design For Rehabilitation Training, Jiajia Wu, Liu Zhen, Huihuang Xu, Tingting Liu, Wang Jin, Yanjie Chai

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Constructing a human-computer interaction environment which can effectively enhance users’ experiences of serious game. By integrating the rehabilitation training process into an interactive game story, users can do their mental and body rehabilitation training in the community. The prototype of the game is realized by the game engine. Experimental results showed that using mouse to roam in the system is easier than other interaction method and the somatosensory interaction is convenient for exercising the limb. By designing emoji for virtual characters, it is easy for users to learn other people's emotions and the comfortable distances for others. The results …


Comparison And Analysis Of Output Performance Of Different Pv Structures Under Shadows, Yonghong Xia, Mengru Li, Jianbo Xin, Zen Fanpeng, Yunjun Yu Nov 2019

Comparison And Analysis Of Output Performance Of Different Pv Structures Under Shadows, Yonghong Xia, Mengru Li, Jianbo Xin, Zen Fanpeng, Yunjun Yu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The output power of PV array not only depends on the irradiance intensity of the partial shadows, but also on the shadows shape. For the serious power loss under partial shadows of the traditional SP (Series-Parallel) and TCT (Total-Cross-Tied) structures, an optimized TCT structure is proposed. Output capacity comparison was made based on the three structures in five shadow modes under the circumstances of the severe shadows and uneven irradiation. By using Matlab/ Simulink software, the output performance of the three structures was simulated under different shadow shapes in symmetrical and asymmetric arrays. The results show that PV array …


Ship Speed Optimization Based On Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Algorithm, Jinfeng Zhang, Taoning Yang, Weihao Ma Nov 2019

Ship Speed Optimization Based On Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Algorithm, Jinfeng Zhang, Taoning Yang, Weihao Ma

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Ship speed optimization is an effective means to reduce operational costs in the downturn of shipping. To deal with the conflict between reducing the operating cost and reducing the ship emissions, the multi-objective ship speed optimization model is proposed based on the influence of the actual wind and wave. The MOPSO algorithm is introduced to solve the Pareto optimal solution set, and the compromise speed is an effective tradeoff based on the improved TOPSIS algorithm. The operational shipping route is selected as an example to simulate and verify the model. The results show that the operating costs and …


Modeling And Simulation Of Missile Trajectory Based On Practical Sampling, Wu Shuai, Xiaohua Zhou, Lili Wang, Xingzhong Yao Nov 2019

Modeling And Simulation Of Missile Trajectory Based On Practical Sampling, Wu Shuai, Xiaohua Zhou, Lili Wang, Xingzhong Yao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of lacking the proper simulation method for missile trajectory in combat simulation training, this paper analyzes the limitations of the 6D and 3D simulation models, proposes a method of trajectory simulation with missile kinematics model and history measured data, and taking an air-to-surface ballistic missile with midcourse-terminal guidance as an example, describes the model construction process in detail. Through the verification, validation and simulation experiments, it shows that this method can simulate various types of missile trajectory with high confidence on both sides of “red and blue”, which has an important reference meaning for missile …


Cloud-End Cooperative Manufacturing And Simulation Application In Electrical Equipment Industry, Ruijie Shi, Zou Ping, Xike Wu, Liu Gang, Gao Chen, Junyuan Zhang, Li Lin, Guo Li Nov 2019

Cloud-End Cooperative Manufacturing And Simulation Application In Electrical Equipment Industry, Ruijie Shi, Zou Ping, Xike Wu, Liu Gang, Gao Chen, Junyuan Zhang, Li Lin, Guo Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Electrical equipment manufacturing industry hopes to achieve cloud-end cooperative manufacturing of the whole industry chain services by means of national network e-commerce cloud platform. On the basis of explaining the role of simulation in cloud-end cooperative manufacturing, this paper analyses the practical problems faced by enterprises in electrical equipment industry to realize cloud-end cooperative manufacturing, and presents effective solutions and overall solution; all kinds of the necessary application services are provided, which coincide with the actual requirement of electrical equipment manufacturing industry; and the research results of the key problems for realization about them are introduced. The overall industry …


Encoder Fault Detection And Fault Tolerant Control Of 3d Stage Wire System Based On Fdre, Li Wei, Zhenfu Ge, Fuyuan Shen, Jianxing Gong Nov 2019

Encoder Fault Detection And Fault Tolerant Control Of 3d Stage Wire System Based On Fdre, Li Wei, Zhenfu Ge, Fuyuan Shen, Jianxing Gong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aimed at the problem of encoder fault of 3D stage wire system, combined with LADRC, two kinds of fault tolerant control strategiesare presented based on fault diagnosis reliability evaluation (FDRE) to prevent the spread of fault effects in the system and causing accidents. Based on this, the soft and hard smooth transition soft redundant switching mechanism is designed. The simulation results show that the control strategy can ensure encoder fault detection in a timely and reliable manner, and effectively improve the safety and reliability of 3D stage wire system.


Quantity Optimization Of Aircraft Ground Deicing Equipment Based On Flight Dynamics, Bin Chen, Liwen Wang Nov 2019

Quantity Optimization Of Aircraft Ground Deicing Equipment Based On Flight Dynamics, Bin Chen, Liwen Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Flight delays and deicing equipment parameter optimization questions were studied aiming at two kinds of typical airport. The formation mechanism of deicing flight delay queue was studied, and the flight delay queue model was proposed corresponding to the departure dynamics of triangle and parabolic shape function. An optimization model of deicing nozzle quantity demand for two typical flight departure dynamics was established aiming at minimizing the flight delay and deicing cost. The nozzle quantity demand optimization model was simulated and verified using deicing flight dynamic data of Beijing International Airport and Harbin Taiping Airport. Simulation results are close to …


Extending Lifetime Of Sensor Networks Based On Sleep-Scheduled Routing Algorithm, Zhuojin Pan, Stuart D., Luo Zhen, Yang Hua Nov 2019

Extending Lifetime Of Sensor Networks Based On Sleep-Scheduled Routing Algorithm, Zhuojin Pan, Stuart D., Luo Zhen, Yang Hua

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to minimize energy consumption of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks, this paper presents an Energy Efficient Sleep-Scheduled Tree-Based Routing Protocol (EESSTBRP) that modifies the chain formation in PEGASIS to create a set of paired and unpaired nodes in the network based on a distance and sensing range threshold. The paired nodes switch between active and sleep modes so as to remove redundant data and save battery power. To minimize energy consumption as nodes switching between the modes, this scheme considers the transitioning to be done based on a point of near depletion of the nodes’ residual …


From Digital Twin To Digital Engineering Modeling And Simulation Entering A New Era, Zhang Bing, Li Xin, Xinxin Wan Nov 2019

From Digital Twin To Digital Engineering Modeling And Simulation Entering A New Era, Zhang Bing, Li Xin, Xinxin Wan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In the digital new era, all kinds of things and even the whole world can be digitized as a model. Simulation activities are conducted for various purposes, and the results can provide intelligent support for various decision-making. Digital twin is an important form of modeling and simulation application in the digital new era; it has been widely used in intelligent manufacturing, factories, buildings, smart cities and many other fields, showing a strong vitality; and its next step in the development direction is a comprehensive digital engineering. This paper reviews the history of the development of digital twin technology, analyzes …


Overview Of Digital Twins Application And Safe Development, Li Xin, Liu Xiu, Xinxin Wan Nov 2019

Overview Of Digital Twins Application And Safe Development, Li Xin, Liu Xiu, Xinxin Wan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The Digital Twins simulate the whole process of the manufacture, and promote the development of smart manufacturing and other fields. In view of the rapid development and application of Digital Twins, the concept and history of Digital Twins are outlined, and its related technology system is given. The main application and development trend of Digital Twins in intelligent manufacturing as while as the main characters of Digital Twins in smart cities are combed. The cyber security problem of Digital Twins is discussed for intelligent manufacturing and smart cities. The scheme and suggestion are given for ensuring the cyber security …


Model And Simulation Of Taxi Market With E-Hailing Application, Tian Qiong, Jingtao Zhang Nov 2019

Model And Simulation Of Taxi Market With E-Hailing Application, Tian Qiong, Jingtao Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The emergence and popularity of e-hailing applications offer a new way for taxi drivers and passengers to communicate on line, which not only changes the behaviors of passengers and reduce the idle rate of taxi, but also brings the cost of information for taxis and passengers. Referring to the classic circular city model and combining with the characteristics of new way to take taxis and the cost of information, a model of taxi market with e-hailing application is formulated, which describes the behavior of passengers waiting for idle taxis and taxis cruising for un-served passengers. We provided an algorithm …


Robustness Analysis Of Interdependent Networks For Cascading Failure, Congdong Li, Wenbo Li, Cejun Cao, Wang Yu Nov 2019

Robustness Analysis Of Interdependent Networks For Cascading Failure, Congdong Li, Wenbo Li, Cejun Cao, Wang Yu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For guiding interdependent system construction and improving its vulnerability, it is helpful to research on the robustness of interdependent networks. Based on the related works, the cascading failure model of interdependent networks coupled by nodes’ betweenness was built, which considered comprehensively the nodes’ overload, interdependent nodes’ failure, and links’ loss. The robustness of interdependent networks was studied from the perspective of different coupled intensities, coupled patterns, and different nodes’ failure. Simulation results manifest that the robustness of assortative link interdependent networks is the best, the robustness of disassortative link interdependent networks is the worst. The robustness of interdependent networks …


Research And Simulation Verification Of Integrated Access Technology For Electrical Equipment Based On Edge Computing, Zou Ping, Ruijie Shi, Xike Wu, Chuang Li, Yilin Zhang, Huang Jian, Li Lin Nov 2019

Research And Simulation Verification Of Integrated Access Technology For Electrical Equipment Based On Edge Computing, Zou Ping, Ruijie Shi, Xike Wu, Chuang Li, Yilin Zhang, Huang Jian, Li Lin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of information islands existing in the production process of traditional electrical equipment, this paper proposes a technology for equipment integration into the industrial internet cloud platform. Based on the edge computing and WebService technologies, two models of device integration direct access and indirect access were established. The direct access model was verified by application simulation in a production workshop, which realized the high-speed and stable data transmission between the equipment and the industrial internet cloud platform. The results show that the technology is feasible and effective. The application of this device integration …


Dynamic Demand Forecast Of Emergency Materials For Flood Disasters Based On Improved Gm (1,1) Model, Zhongjun Hu, Yanqiu Liu, Li Jia Nov 2019

Dynamic Demand Forecast Of Emergency Materials For Flood Disasters Based On Improved Gm (1,1) Model, Zhongjun Hu, Yanqiu Liu, Li Jia

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The sudden and uncertainties of the flood disaster make it difficult to collect large sample data for forecasting the demand of emergency materials quickly and accurately. Based on this, this paper proposes an improved GM (1,1) dynamic forecasting model based on the gray system theory; constructs the dynamic demand model of emergency materials in combination with the inventory management method; and takes the real flood disaster in March 2016 as a case study. The validity of the model proposed in this paper is verified. The results show that the improved GM (1,1) model is feasible and practicable, and …


Two-Level Spare Parts Support Effectiveness Evaluation Model Under (S-K, S) Supply Strategy, Songshi Shao, Wei Yong Nov 2019

Two-Level Spare Parts Support Effectiveness Evaluation Model Under (S-K, S) Supply Strategy, Songshi Shao, Wei Yong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Spares are one of the important factors of the operational readiness and the mission success. The (S-K, S) supply strategy is proposed based on the multi-level supply mode according to spares’ reliability and price. Simulation model is established to evaluate the support effectiveness of spare parts by the principle of discrete event simulation. The analytical evaluation model is also established by Gamma distribution characteristics. An approximate model is verified and compared in an example; the results show that the calculation results of the two models are consistent; and the results of approximate model are …


Modified Sparse Quasi - Newton Algorithm For Electrical Capacitance Tomography System, Chen Yu, Zongji Xia, Yujia Zhou Nov 2019

Modified Sparse Quasi - Newton Algorithm For Electrical Capacitance Tomography System, Chen Yu, Zongji Xia, Yujia Zhou

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the 'soft-field' nature and the ill-posed problem in electrical capacitance tomography technology, a modified sparse quasi - newton algorithm for electrical capacitance tomography is presented. The mathematical model of modified sparse quasi - newton is derived. The final iteration formula of modified sparse quasi - newton used to adjust the inverse problem solving of the capacitance tomography image reconstruction is given. An iterative formula for ECT inverse problem solving is used for digital simulation experiment. The simulation experiment results are compared with the results of LBP, Landweber, CG, SD, and so on. The results of the analysis …


Dynamic Data Reserved Modeling Method Based On Steady-State Component Estimation And State Tracking, Dong Ze, Erxin Yin Nov 2019

Dynamic Data Reserved Modeling Method Based On Steady-State Component Estimation And State Tracking, Dong Ze, Erxin Yin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the existing problems of conventional industrial system modeling methods, a dynamic data reserved modeling method based on steady-state component estimation and state tracking is proposed. The dynamic response data of the system is selected as the modeling data. The input value at the end of the selected data is chosen as steady-state component, and the steady-state component value of output is artificial given. Steady-state component of the modeling data is removed according to the steady-state component of input and output, and the modeling data is divided into three sections. The prediction model and the state observer are …


Multi-Objective Operation Scheduling Optimization Of Shipborne-Equipment Based On Genetic Algorithm, Jinsong Bao, Zhiqiang Li, Yaqin Zhou Nov 2019

Multi-Objective Operation Scheduling Optimization Of Shipborne-Equipment Based On Genetic Algorithm, Jinsong Bao, Zhiqiang Li, Yaqin Zhou

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Multi-objective operation scheduling of shipborne equipment is a complex combinational optimization problem under multi-task system. Existing research focuses mainly on single-objective optimization while several other objectives need to be considered during real operation such as path, duration, resource, etc. Considering the operation scheduling before exporting of an amphibious landing ship as the research object, both scheduling duration and resource requirement under the precedence constraint are optimized. The mathematical model of this multi-objective operation scheduling is established and solved using genetic algorithm. A fitness function which can be self-adaptively adjusted is designed; an adapting encoding strategy, a crossover operator, and …


Dbn Method For Risk Assessment Of Dairy Products Cold Chain Logistics, Weijiong Chen, Fan Wen, Xiaolin Zhu, Qimiao Xie, Xiaobei Yin Nov 2019

Dbn Method For Risk Assessment Of Dairy Products Cold Chain Logistics, Weijiong Chen, Fan Wen, Xiaolin Zhu, Qimiao Xie, Xiaobei Yin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Dairy cold chain logistics is a one-way dynamic process. According to the Bayesian theory, this paper considered the transitivity between risks and used the GeNIe software to establish the DBN risk assessment model. The cold chain logistics risk probability of dairy products was evaluated and the sensitivity analysis was carried out. The results revealed that the probability of transportation risk is the highest, and the sensitivity of processing risk is the highest. The processing and the transportation are the key links of the dairy product cold chain logistics. Comparing the results of DBN and the results of static Bayesian …


Trajectory Planning Method Of Overhead Crane, Xuejuan Shao, Li Yao, Jinggang Zhang, Xueliang Zhang Nov 2019

Trajectory Planning Method Of Overhead Crane, Xuejuan Shao, Li Yao, Jinggang Zhang, Xueliang Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To make the trolley of bridge crane move stably with smooth acceleration, a polynomial acceleration trajectory is proposed based on the constraint conditions of the crane and the friction between the trolley and the rail. An anti-swing plan is designed employing the dynamic coupling relationship between the motion of the trolley and the load swing. Results indicate that when the length of the rope is changed, the swing angle of the trolley is still within the limits. The stability of the system is proved by constructing Lyapunov energy equations, and the Barbalat lemma confirms that the planned reference trajectory …


Thai Language Names, Place Names And Organization Names Entity Recognition, Hongbin Wang, Hongkui Gao, Shen Qiang, Yantuan Xian Nov 2019

Thai Language Names, Place Names And Organization Names Entity Recognition, Hongbin Wang, Hongkui Gao, Shen Qiang, Yantuan Xian

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Named entity recognition in Thai language is aimed to identify the names of a person, a locality,an organization or an institution,and so on. Due to the complexity of Thai word formation method and grammar rules, to solve this problem, the idea of the approach proposed is to treat the task of named entity recognition in Thai language as labeling the sign of a series of words in Thai sentence. Given the characteristics of Thai language itself, certain features in the context of the samples in the Thai entity recognition corpus are extracted to train the hidden Markov model and …


Multi-Seats Collaborative Task Planning Based On Improved Particle Swarm Optimization, Cai Rui, Wang Wei, Jue Qu, Hu Bo Nov 2019

Multi-Seats Collaborative Task Planning Based On Improved Particle Swarm Optimization, Cai Rui, Wang Wei, Jue Qu, Hu Bo

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the allocation conflict between task and operator of multi-seats collaborative task planning in command and control cabin, a multi-seats collaborative task planning method based on improved particle swarm optimization is proposed. This method describes and analyzes the multi-seats collaborative task and establishes a solution space model based on task sequence. In solving the model, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) was improved by using multi-dimensional asynchronous processing and modifying inertia weight parameters so that the efficiency and local searching ability of the PSO were improved. The example analysis shows that the model and the algorithm can effectively reduce …


Rfid Item-Level Tagging In A Grocery Store Environment, Brian Truman Nov 2019

Rfid Item-Level Tagging In A Grocery Store Environment, Brian Truman

LSU Master's Theses

The purpose of this research was to investigate how effective item-level Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tagging would be using current RFID technology as a replacement for barcodes in a supermarket/grocery store environment.

To accomplish this, an experiment was be performed that utilized commercially available RFID technology. Passive Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID Tags were affixed to various grocery store items of different material categories (Food, Metal, Plastic, Liquid, and Glass), and placed in a metal shopping cart. Eight (8) antenna arrangements were created, comprised of different combinations of four (4) antennas in different locations around the cart.

The experiment was …