Mechanical Engineering Commons^™

Effects Of New And Recycle Flux On The Mechanical Properties Of Submerged Arc Welded (Saw) Line Pipe Grade X52m And X65m, Taib Meor Mohd Adli

Student Works (2020-2029)

Two line pipe grade X52M and X65M were manufactured using submerged arc welding process. For each grade, two different welding flux condition were simulated, i.e. 100% new flux and 100% recycle flux. The flux used was aluminate basic type trade name OP 132. The outside diameter and wall thickness for X52M was 610mm x 12.7mm and for X65M was 762mm x 14.3mm. Lower weld re-entrant angle and higher weld bead height were observed in recycle flux condition. Lower weld manganese content recorded in recycle flux condition. And lower mechanical tests (i.e. tensile, impact, and hardness) value reported for recycle flux …

Synthesis Of Eco-Friendly Nanofluids For Enhancement Of Heat Transfer And Application In Different Flow Configuration Passages, Khan Asif

Student Works (2020-2029)

Since the invention of the heat exchangers, the working fluids such as water, ethyl glycol, oil and many others were used, however, they reveal relatively low thermal conductivity. Eco-friendly nanofluids and the cost-effective annular heat exchangers were introduced in this research to overcome the problem. In the present work, heat transfer coefficient and friction loss analyses of (TiO2 and GNP) water-based nanofluids were compared with DI-water flowing in annular conduit under turbulent flow regime. The nanoparticle weight concentrations of 0.1, 0.075, 0.05 and 0.025 wt.% were prepared by using a simple two-step method. The DI-water simulations were conducted by using …

The Effect Of Orientation On The Ignition Of Solids, David Morrisset

Master's Theses

The ignition of a solid is an inherently complex phenomenon influenced by heat and mass transport mechanisms that are, even to this day, not understood in entirety. In order to use ignition data in meaningful engineering application, significant simplifications have been made to the theory of ignition. The most common way to classify ignition is the use of material specific parameters such as such as ignition temperature (T_ig) and the critical heat flux for ignition (CHF). These parameters are determined through standardized testing of solid materials – however, the results of these tests are generally used in applications …

Structuring Student Success: Incorporating A Genre-Based Pedagogical Method To Improve A Strength Of Materials Laboratory Manual, Eleazar Marquez, Samuel Garcia

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

In this research study the authors incorporated a pedagogical technique to improve a strength of materials lab manual. The conceptualization and subsequent development of a student friendly lab manual resource emerged from students’ difficulty in understanding the following areas: introduction to experiment, procedures, calculations, and relevancy to class content. Based on a survey conducted before lab manual improvements and modifications, mechanical engineering students expressed high dissatisfaction with the written structure of the manual and felt they spent too much time understanding lab procedures, deciphering what equations to utilize to complete their analyzes, and completing the report. As such, the authors …

Finding Balance: Examining The Impact Of Grades On Engineering Students' Well-Being, Eleazar Marquez, Samuel Garcia

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

The authors conducted a preliminary research study to understand the emotional and academic impact grades have on engineering undergraduate students. Grades in higher education have become a priority for students to secure internship opportunities, post-graduation employment, and graduate school acceptance. However, students’ desire to attain high grades in engineering disciplines may lead to negative effects such as additional anxiety and increased mental exertion, physical exhaustion, and overall lack of work-life balance. A survey was conducted with a cohort of 45 students to understand their perspective on grades before, during, and at the end of the semester, and their responses to …

Sparse And Random Sampling Techniques For High-Resolution, Full-Field, Bss-Based Structural Dynamics Identification From Video, Bridget Martinez, Andre Green, Moises Felipe Silva, David Mascareñas, Yongchao Yang

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Video-based techniques for identification of structural dynamics have the advantage that they are very inexpensive to deploy compared to conventional accelerometer or strain gauge techniques. When structural dynamics from video is accomplished using full-field, high-resolution analysis techniques utilizing algorithms on the pixel time series such as principal components analysis and solutions to blind source separation the added benefit of high-resolution, full-field modal identification is achieved. An important property of video of vibrating structures is that it is particularly sparse. Typically video of vibrating structures has a dimensionality consisting of many thousands or even millions of pixels and hundreds to thousands …

Design Of Structural Stand For High-Precision Optics Microscopy, Sara T. Novell

Master's Theses

Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LLNL) is home to the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the world’s largest and most energetic laser. Each of the 192 beamlines contains dozens of large optics, which require offline damage inspection using large, raster-scanning microscopes. The primary microscope used to measure and characterize the optical damage sites has a precision level of 1 µm. Mounted in a class 100 clean room with a raised tile floor, the microscope is supported by a steel stand that structurally connects the microscope to the concrete ground. Due to ambient vibrations experienced in the system, the microscope is only able …

Numerical Methods For Predicting The Dynamic Crushing Response And Energy Absorption Of Composite Aluminum Honeycomb Sandwich Structures, Cody R. Volk

Master's Theses

Edgewise crushing responses of composite aluminum honeycomb sandwich structures were predicted using finite element analysis (FEA) software LS-DYNA by modeling the honeycomb as a material with anisotropic properties. The goal of the project was to develop a process for modeling the sandwich structure to rapidly iterate possible solutions for a safer workstation train table. Current workstation tables are too rigid and may cause injury or death in a head-on collision. Experimental compression tests were used to calibrate the aluminum honeycomb core with material type 26 (MAT 26, honeycomb). A published composite tensile test was used to validate the use of …

Development Of Reduced Chemical Kinetic Models For The Numerical Simulation Of Combustion And Emissions Behavior Of Representative Conventional And Bio-Derived Fuels, Mazen A. Eldeeb

Mineta Transportation Institute

The study addresses two of the main challenges facing combustion modeling for transportation fuels: simultaneous simulation of non-related combustion problems and reducing the computational cost of the modeling process itself. To address the first challenge, researchers determine a characteristic flame time from thermal diffusivity and laminar burning velocity. Researchers examine parametric dependence of flame time and ignition delay time on pressure, temperature and equivalence ratio for methane, based on validated chemical kinetic mechanisms. The study reveals flame time and ignition delay time show similar temperature dependence, flame time has stronger dependence on equivalence ratio and weaker dependence on pressure than …

Compound Flooding In Coastal Areas Emanating From Inland And Offshore Events, Hamed Behzad Koochaksaraii

Dissertations

The vulnerability of urban populations to natural hazards and climate change is a major theme in many reports on coastal cities with flooding ranking highly among the climate change concerns. Flooding could occur as a result of runoff for inland rainfall that accumulates at the mouth of the estuary to the sea or it could occur due to a storm surge emanating from the ocean. The techniques for modeling the flooding from these events are very different, as they were developed in different scientific fields: hydrology and hydraulic engineering for inland rainfall versus coastal oceanography and coastal engineering for offshore …

Mechanical Characterization Of Animal Derived Starting Materials For Tissue Engineering, Bin Zhang

Dissertations

Animal derived starting materials are well established in the production of Tissue Engineered Medical Devices. Porcine specifically can be found in products ranging in application from hernia repair to breast reconstruction. Although this material has been largely accepted in the Tissue Engineering industry, little is known of its material properties and mechanical characteristics. A review of the scientific literature describes limited mechanical measures only on uncontrolled research grade material. The objective of this work is to mechanically characterize porcine starting material used in the medical device industry. Porcine skin is provided by Midwest Research Swine, LLC (MRS) an established supplier …

Open Source High-Temperature Reprap For 3-D Printing Heat-Sterilizable Ppe And Other Applications, Noah G. Skrzypczak, Nagendra Gautam Tanikella, Joshua M. Pearce

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Thermal sterilization is generally avoided for 3-D printed components because of the relatively low deformation temperatures for common thermoplastics used for material extrusion-based additive manufacturing. 3-D printing materials required for high-temperature heat sterilizable components for COVID-19 and other applications demands 3-D printers with heated beds, hot ends that can reach higher temperatures than polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hot ends and heated chambers to avoid part warping and delamination. There are several high temperature printers on the market, but their high costs make them inaccessible for full home-based distributed manufacturing required during pandemic lockdowns. To allow for all these requirements to be met …

Fly Ash Based Geopolymer For High Temperature And High Compressive Strength Applications In Aggressive Environment, Aaryan Manoj Nair, Akm S. Rahman

Publications and Research

Geopolymers are the results of geosynthetic reactions between aluminosilicates and strong bases. This results in chemical bonds between aluminum (Al), Silicon (Si)and oxygen (O) composing polymer rings in tetrahedral coordination. These bonds give them widespread useful applications such as high heat bearing ceramics, and base construction material whilst being far more environmentally conscious. The purpose of the experiment is to examine the effect of Silicon Carbide whisker and inorganic glass particles on thermal and mechanical properties of Geopolymers. This study will help understand the effect of various compositions and concentrations of SiO₂ in mechanical strength. In this experiment, the …

Introducing The Journal Of Nuclear Engineering: An Interdisciplinary Open Access Journal Dedicated To Publishing Research In Nuclear And Radiation Sciences And Applications, Dan Gabriel Cacuci

Faculty Publications

Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page.

In 1938, Strassmann, Hahn and Meitner discovered neutron-induced nuclear fission in uranium, forever changing our world and opening multiple paths to developing nuclear energy, nuclear medicine, instrumentation, space propulsion, environmental monitoring, remediation and nuclear security [...]

Fatigue-Crack Detection And Monitoring Through The Scattered-Wave Two-Dimensional Cross-Correlation Imaging Method Using Piezoelectric Transducers, Wenfeng Xiao, Lingyu Yu, Roshan Joseph, Victor Giurgiutiu

Faculty Publications

Piezoelectric transducers are convenient enablers for generating and receiving Lamb waves for damage detection. Fatigue cracks are one of the most common causes for the failure of metallic structures. Increasing emphasis on the integrity of critical structures creates an urgent need to monitor structures and to detect cracks at an early stage to prevent catastrophic failures. This paper presents a two-dimensional (2D) cross-correlation imaging technique that can not only detect a fatigue crack but can also precisely image the fatigue cracks in metallic structures. The imaging method was based on the cross-correlation algorithm that uses incident waves and the crack-scattered …

Design Of Versatile Feedback Control System Components For Selective Laser Sintering, Thomas Chessman

University Scholar Projects

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that involves using a laser to fuse powdered material together, layer by layer, in order to create a 3-D product. Despite its numerous benefits over traditional methods of manufacturing, including higher efficiency, versatility, and the ability to process many materials, selective laser sintering suffers from its propensity to generate structural errors during operation.

Feedback control has been shown to improve fabrication quality in other laser-based additive manufacturing techniques when implemented properly. Widespread exploration of applying feedback control in SLS might lead to significant performance improvements in this form of manufacturing.

This …

Solutions Of The Problem Of Random Vibrations In Hereditary-Deformable Systems Using Impulsive Functions, Inobat Xaldibayeva

Technical science and innovation

In recent years, probabilistic-statistical methods for studying various problems of mechanics of solid deformable bodies are being applied more than ever.

The principal part of its field of application is the development of a general theory of strength and a hereditarily deformed solid. As known, the theory of random oscillations is increasingly being used in technology.

Current research is aimed to present a numerical-analytical approach for studying the dynamic response of a hereditarily deformable system to unsteady input influences.

It is established that the dynamic reaction of hereditarily deformable systems to an arbitrary form of random perturbations can also be …

Parametric Nasopharyngeal Swab For Sampling Covid-19 And Other Respiratory Viruses: Open Source Design, Sla 3-D Printing And Uv Curing System, Nicole Gallup, Adam Pringle, Shane Oberloier, Nagendra Gautam Tanikella, Joshua M. Pearce

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Access to nasopharyngeal swabs for sampling remain a bottleneck in some regions for COVID19 testing. This study develops a distributed manufacturing solution using only an open source manufacturing tool chain consisting of two types of open source 3-D printing and batch UV curing, and provides a parametric fully free design of a nasopharyngeal swab. The swab was designed using parametric OpenSCAD in two components (a head with engineered break point and various handles), which has several advantages: i) minimizing print time on relatively slow SLA printers, ii) enabling the use of smaller print volume open source SLA printers, iii) reducing …

Integrated Resource Plan For Portland General Electric (Pge), Mary Biswal, Alejandro Castelan

Master's Projects and Capstones

An integrated resource plan (IRP) for Portland General Electric (PGE) is developed in this master’s project. The IRP is based on capacity expansion modeling for zero-carbon emission scenarios. PGE is a public electric utility based in Oregon and serves around 887,000 customers across a territory of 4,000 sq. miles. The utility’s resource mix is currently heavily dependent on natural gas making up almost 50% of its capacity. While the state renewable portfolio standards (RPS) require Oregon power utilities to derive 50% of their generation from renewable sources by 2040, PGE plans to move rapidly into a clean energy mix by …

An Integrated Resource Plan For Arizona Public Service Electric (Aps), Irene Boghdadi, Randy Chiu

Master's Projects and Capstones

Our Masters Capstone Project is an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) for Arizona’s largest electric utility, Arizona Public Service Electric (APS).

An IRP is developed by utilities to identify the optimal combination of demand- and supply-side resources needed to reliably meet forecasted demand for energy and capacity, including a planning reserve margin, over a future period.

In addition to APS’s obligation to serve the growing load in Arizona while minimizing costs, it is required by the state to adhere to the Renewable Energy Standard (RES) policy of 15 percent retail sales from renewable energy resources by 2025.

The analysis described in …

Application Of Optimal Switching Using Adaptive Dynamic Programming In Power Electronics, Ataollah Gogani Khiabani

Mechanical Engineering Research Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, optimal switching in switched systems using adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) is presented. Two applications in power electronics, namely single-phase inverter control and permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control are studied using ADP. In both applications, the objective of the control problem is to design an optimal switching controller, which is also relatively robust to parameter uncertainties and disturbances in the system. An inverter is used to convert the direct current (DC) voltage to an alternating current (AC) voltage. The control scheme of the single-phase inverter uses a single function approximator, called critic, to evaluate the optimal cost …

Control And Locomotion Of Inertially And Magnetically Actuated Multi-Scale Robotic Systems, Ehab Al Khatib

Mechanical Engineering Research Theses and Dissertations

In this research, two actuation systems were introduced, inertial and magnetic actuation. In the inertial actuation, the robot used the transfer of momentum to navigate, and this momentum could be generated by spinning masses and wheels. Recent studies in our System Laboratory proved that a wide range of inertially actuated locomotion systems could be generated. This can be achieved by using a family tree approach, starting from a very simple system, and progressively evolving it to more complex ones. The motion diversity of these robots inspired us to extend their locomotion from a macro scale to millimeter and micro scales. …

Polarity Effects Of Aluminium Nitride Thin Films And Morphological Characterization Of Molybdenum Thin Films, Aseem Poudyal

Mechanical Engineering ETDs

AlN (Aluminium Nitride) is a piezoelectric material that is often used in numerous applications as a transducer. C-axis crystal orientation control of AlN is very important as it corresponds to a high piezoelectric coefficient. Crystal orientation of sputtered AlN is strongly affected by its deposition parameters such as sputtering pressure, target to substrate distance, growth temperature, gas pressure and frequency/duty cycle in the case of pulsed DC sputtering. Crystal orientation of AlN depends on the energy of the sputtered atom and the mobility of the adatoms on the surface of the substrate. Varying the deposition parameters can alter the kinetic …

Blood Flow Simulation Of Particle Trapping In Models Of Arterial Bifurcations, Qihang Xu

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

This thesis describes the particle trapping mechanism in blood flow in different arterial bifurcation models. For validation of CFD calculations, a T-junction model and a Y-junction model are analyzed. In both the models, there is one inlet pipe with two outlet pipes creating a symmetric bifurcation at some angle from the centerline of the inlet pipe. Naiver-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved for single phase laminar flow using the commercial CFD software ANSYS Fluent. After validation, Eulerian simulations are performed by using the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) for two-phase flow with particles injected in different bifurcation models with bifurcation angle of …

Development And Application Of Elliptic Blending Lag K-Omega Sst Standard And Wall-Distance-Free Turbulence Model, Wenjie Shang

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

In recent decades, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become the most widely used technology to understand the fundamental complex fluid dynamics of turbulent flows as well as for modeling of turbulent flows in industrial applications. In industrial applications, the widely used methodology is to solve Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS) equations in conjunction with a turbulence model since it strikes a balance between accuracy and computational cost compared to other high fidelity approaches namely the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), There are a large number of turbulence models proposed in past five decades, majority of them are …

Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer For Gas Sensing, Kaveh Nazeri, Farid Ahmed, Vahid Ahsani, Hang-Eun Joe, Colin Bradley, Ehsan Toyserkani, Martin B. G. Jun

Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering Faculty Publications

A novel and compact interferometric refractive index (RI) point sensor is developed using hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) and experimentally demonstrated for high sensitivity detection and measurement of pure gases. To construct the device, the sensing element fiber (HC-PCF) was placed between two single-mode fibers with airgaps at each side. Great measurement repeatability was shown in the cyclic test for the detection of various gases. The RI sensitivity of 4629 nm/RIU was demonstrated in the RI range of 1.0000347–1.000436 for the sensor with an HC-PCF length of 3.3 mm. The sensitivity of the proposed Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor increases when …

Mechanical Analysis And Modeling Of Porous Thermal Barrier Coatings, Shiyu Cui, Wenping Liang, Luis Saucedo Mora, Qiang Miao, Joseph P. Domblesky, Hao Lin, Lijia Yu

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are applied to the surface of components that are used in gas turbines and aircraft engines in order to increase the heat load. In this study, the cross-sectional microstructures of TBCs were investigated via scanning electron microscopy. After calculating the porosity and the pore size distribution, a two-dimensional finite element model with four different porosities (0, 1, 3, and 5%) were established. A stochastic method was used to generate a randomly distributed porous structure. Based on the results of FE analysis and nanoindentation tests, It was found that, at a high porosity (>3%), radial cracks …

Exploring Attacks And Defenses In Additive Manufacturing Processes: Implications In Cyber-Physical Security, Nicholas Deily

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Many industries are rapidly adopting additive manufacturing (AM) because of the added versatility this technology offers over traditional manufacturing techniques. But with AM, there comes a unique set of security challenges that must be addressed. In particular, the issue of part verification is critically important given the growing reliance of safety-critical systems on 3D printed parts. In this thesis, the current state of part verification technologies will be examined in the con- text of AM-specific geometric-modification attacks, and an automated tool for 3D printed part verification will be presented. This work will cover: 1) the impacts of malicious attacks on …

Thermal Transport Across The Interface Between Liquid N-Dodecane And Its Own Vapor: A Molecular Dynamics Study, Eric Bird, Jesus Gutierrez Plascencia, Zhi Liang

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

There Are Two Possible Thermal Transport Mechanisms at Liquid-Gas Interfaces, Namely, Evaporation/condensation (I.e., Heat Transfer by Liquid-Vapor Phase Change at Liquid Surfaces) and Heat Conduction (I.e., Heat Exchange by Collisions between Gas Molecules and Liquid Surfaces). using Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations, We Study Thermal Transport Across the Liquid-Vapor Interface of a Model N-Dodecane (C12H26) under Various Driving Force Conditions. in Each MD Simulation, We Restrict the Thermal Energy to Be Transferred Across the Liquid-Vapor Interface by Only One Mechanism. in Spite of the Complex Intramolecular Interactions in N-Dodecane Molecules, Our Modeling Results Indicate that the Schrage Relationships, Which Were Shown …

Effects Of Hard-To-Soft Segment Ratios On The Synthesis And Physico-Mechanical Properties Of Polyurethane Films, Aaron C. Wilson

Mechanical Engineering Theses

Blood-contacting cardiovascular stents often induce a secondary clotting event due to unrestricted enzymatic activities. The use of hemocompatible polyurethane coatings on these implantable devices is one of the most promising methods to reduce device rejection. In this study, four commercial polyurethane films of various thicknesses and compositions were evaluated for their anticoagulation properties. Results suggested that these films exhibited excellent thermal and physico-mechanical properties while capable of increasing contact time with blood plasma by over a thousand-fold as compared to a control surface. Due to the unknown structure and composition of these commercial films, polyurethane samples were synthesized from toluene …