Mechanical Engineering Commons^™

Computationally Efficient, Multi-Domain Hybrid Modeling Of Surface Integrity In Machining And Related Thermomechanical Finishing Processes, Julius M. Schoop, David Adeniji, Ian S. Brown

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

In order to enable more widespread implementation of sophisticated process modeling, a novel, rapidly deployable multi-physics hybrid model of surface integrity in finishing operations is proposed. Rather than modeling detailed chip formation mechanics, as is common in numerical models, the proposed models integrates existing analytical and semi-empirical models of the plastic, elastic, thermal and thermodynamic domains. Using this approach, highly complex surface integrity phenomena such as residual stresses, grain size, phase composition, microhardness profile, etc. can be accurately predicted in a manner of seconds. It is envisioned that this highly efficient modeling scheme will drive new innovations in surface engineering.

Experimental And Numerical Behavior Of Plain Hybrid Fiber Metal Laminate Composites, Aiea A. Elhabak, Mostafa Shazly, Tarek A. Osman, Aly A. Khattab

Centre for Advanced Materials

This study presents an investigation to the mechanical properties of FML components under static axial and bending loads. Two types of Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs), namely, FML 1 and 2 were considered in the present research. FML1 contains 4 layers of laminated glass/epoxy laminate while FML 2 contains two aramid fiber laminates that replaced the glass/epoxy laminates and adjacent to the inner metal layer. Experimental stiffness and strength are discussed and compared with the theoretical values. Under bending loads, two different end conditions are considered, free and fixed and the results both ends were compared. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was …

Mechanical Behavior Of Aluminum Hybrid Laminates, Aiea A. Elhabak, Mostafa Shazly, Tarek A. Osman, Aly A. Khattab

Centre for Advanced Materials

This work has been dedicated to investigating the stiffness and strength of FML components under static axial and bending loads. There are two types of fiber metal laminates (FML) called Al3G4 and Al3G2K2 labeled according to the plate design. Al3G4 is Glare 3/2 -0.4 contains 4 layers of laminated glass/epoxy laminate. Al3G2K2, is a hybrid fiber laminate, has two aramid fiber laminates adjacent to the inner metal layer. Experimental stiffness and strength are discussed and compared with the theoretical data. The relationship between tensile and bending forces is discussed. Referred to the end bending condition, results of free end support …

Rc Baja: Drivetrain, Nick Paulay

All Undergraduate Projects

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) annually hosts an RC Baja challenge, testing a RC car in three events: slalom, acceleration and Baja. Although ASME will not be holding an event this year, CWU will be holding an event with three RC Baja car teams from CWU as well as other teams from local colleges. The RC car that is tested in these events is designed and manufactured typically in teams of two. The RC car that each team submits must be able to complete these events to score points. One part of great importance for the RC car …

Feed Control: Composite Recycle, Rosy Perez

All Undergraduate Projects

The Boeing Company gave Central Washington University an opportunity for students to research and come up with an idea to reduce costs and landfill waste caused by the trimmings from the 777x composite wing pieces. The engineering and manufacturing for this project is about transporting composite material through to the delamination and chipper process. The delamination process uses a ram to press two claw shaped devices together that bends and deforms the material in opposite directions. The chipper process uses counter rotating saw blades spaced 1/8” apart to produce small shredded material. It is important for this newly designed feed …

Carbon Fiber Recycler : Fiber Reclaimer, Alexander Edwards

All Undergraduate Projects

Boeing uses composite components for the 777x aircraft. The production of composite parts results in flashing (excess material) that must be trimmed and "thrown away" as scrap. Boeing is investigating means of recycling these scraps. The method proposed for this project is to delaminate and shred the composite material. The delamination process uses a ram to press two claw shaped devices together that bends and deforms the material in opposite directions. The chipper process uses counter rotating saw blades spaced 1/8” apart to produce small shredded material. This shredding material is pyrolyzed (heated) to decay the resin leaving the carbon …

Medallion Manufacturing, Luis Perez

All Undergraduate Projects

A more efficient manufacturing process is needed to create the approximately 30 MET medallions, given to the graduating class. The process must be repeatable, consistent, and efficient. The objective is to create a method that can remain the same year to year, save time, and be repeated by anybody. Two approaches were developed: a casting method, and a machining method involving a computer numerically controlled (CNC) mill. The casting method began with a match plate was developed by attaching 3D printed models and runners to plywood. The design was evaluated before the pour using SolidCast software. Special attention was directed …

Automatic Hydraulic Vehicle Jack – “Auto-Jack” Frame, Nick Stadelman

All Undergraduate Projects

The Automotive Industry faces extreme safety concerns during the vehicle lifting process, how can these safety concerns be mediated for the personals in the automotive industry during this process? A revolutionary vehicle jack (“The Auto-Jack”) was developed to remove all unnecessary safety concerns that are presented to the user during the vehicle lifting process. Removing the user from having to position a standard vehicle jack and/or jack stands underneath the vehicle once the vehicle is lifted will eliminate all safety concerns surrounding user inflicted failure. A hydraulic circuit is used to operate the Auto-Jack, this allows the user to operate …

Composite Recycler: Frame, Alfonso Olivera

All Undergraduate Projects

How can composites be recycled? The Composite Recycler is an ongoing project that started in September 2017. The purpose of this project was to create a machine that will delaminate the composites, cut them, and heat them up to separate the resin from the composites so they can be recycled. A group was put together for the 2018-2019 academic year to further the project as a whole improve the operation of the device. The existing base was used as well as the cutter and the power sources. The upgrades included; a housing to support the transport rollers and changing from …

R/C Mini Baja: Drivetrain, Kyle Aitken

All Undergraduate Projects

A device is needed that can power the back wheels of R/C car and allow it to drive smoothly. This drivetrain also has to transmit power to the axles in an acceptable height range to comply with the frame and suspension. The project was supported by a team member who designed the frame and suspension. The design of this project consists of two sub-assemblies that make up the drive train assembly. The transmission assembly uses gears to convert the rotational speed from the motor to the drive shaft. The gearbox assembly also uses gears and converts the rotational speed from …

Electrathon Vehicle: Electrical Power, Samuel Johnson

All Undergraduate Projects

The Electrathon Vehicle: Electrical Power proposal is an in depth dive into theorizing, constructing and testing the design of an electrical circuit. A breakdown of this report gives an extensive and thorough analysis of the problem. How do you efficiently deliver 1kw/hr of power to an electric motor? The methods used to face this challenge and the results seen after are laid out in this report.

The challenge of competing in the Electrathon Race is delivering power to an electric motor for an entire hour without exceeding 1kW/hr of power. The goal is to travel as much distance in the …

Laboratory Water Distiller Project, Duncan Njunge

All Undergraduate Projects

Abstract

The goal of the water distiller project is to provide purified water to all hospitals and laboratories for daily use. As per WHO standards, purified water is a great necessity in these facilities for DNA sequencing, protein research, among others. Available water is not always clean because it is transported through pipes and can get into contact with organisms thereby causing the spread of waterborne diseases. Water distillation processes remove 99.9% of contaminants and water chemicals like fluorine and calcium to produce pure water. For every use, the distiller mechanism uses an electric current as the source of energy …

Custom Designed Wall Mounted Shop Crane, Bradley Lewis

All Undergraduate Projects

The objective of this project was to design and fabricate a custom wall mounted jib crane to specific, non-standard dimensions. The crane was designed to be industry rated for 2000 pounds, rotate at least 180 degrees, and be designed to have a maximum boom length tailored to the specific installation site. Two potential installation sites and purposes were selected for construction: inside the bay doors of a fabrication shop, intended to transfer large pieces of material to and from a plasma table, and inside a car maintenance garage, intended to lift and remove engines and transmissions from cars.

Design of …

Design, Control, And Optimization Of Robots With Advanced Energy Regenerative Drive Systems, Poya Khalaf

ETD Archive

We investigate the control and optimization of robots with ultracapacitor based regenerative drive systems. A subset of the robot joints are conventional, in the sense that external power is used for actuation. Other joints are energetically self-contained passive systems that use ultracapacitors for energy storage. An electrical interconnection known as the star configuration is considered for the regenerative drives that allows for direct electric energy redistribution among joints, and enables higher energy utilization efficiencies. A semi-active virtual control strategy is used to achieve control objectives. We find closed-form expressions for the optimal robot and actuator parameters (link lengths, gear ratios, …

Dynamic Analysis Of Vehicle Performance For Changes To Rear Axle Housing, Diane Peters, Yaomin Dong, Vimal Patel

Mechanical Engineering Presentations And Conference Materials

This paper explores the performance improvements of a 2013 Ford Mustang Shelby GT500 resulting from changes to the rear axle housing. In previous work, described in [1, 2], the rear axle housing was optimized in order to minimize its weight. It was expected that the decrease in weight would lead to improved fuel economy; in this work, the vehicle was simulated for the EPA highway drive cycle (HWFET) both before and after the optimization of the housing, in order to quantify the changes in fuel economy. It was found that the optimization of the housing did produce a modest improvement …

Numerical Simulation For The Hydrodynamic Performance Of Hydropower Turbine Near Free Surface, Zeda Yin

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The performance of hydropower turbine in shallow water can be affected by the presence of free surface. Therefore, it is of great interest to investigate the influence of free surface on hydropower turbine performance through computational simulations. For a better understanding of flow field around hydropower turbine operating in shallow water, it is important to analyze the flow over a single hydrofoil beneath free surface first. Therefore, as the first part of this thesis, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methodology was used for numerical simulation of 2D unsteady incompressible viscous flow over a hydrofoil under the free surface. The computation …

Proposed Delivery And Return Water Temperatures For Dartmouth College Hot Water Network, Storm Mata

ENGS 86 Independent Projects (AB Students)

This study aimed to verify the viability of the planned hot water heating network at Dartmouth, and determine the necessary hot water radiator areas needed to satisfy the empirically-determined heat demand for buildings on campus, using 5 year of steam con- sumption data. In order to verify viability, the pressure and temperature of the delivery steam and return condensate of the current heating network were used to find the amount of heat delivered per pound of steam to campus. The above-mentioned steam consump- tion data were then used to find the max heat demand for the past five years and …

Bending Nanoindentation And Plasticity Noise In Fcc Single And Polycrystals, Ryder Bolin, Hakan Yavas, Hengxu Song, Kevin J. Hemker, Stefanos Papanikolaou

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Abstract: We present a high-throughput nanoindentation study of in situ bending effects on incipient plastic deformation behavior of polycrystalline and single-crystalline pure aluminum and pure copper at ultranano depths (< 200 nm). We find that hardness displays a statistically inverse dependence on in-plane stress for indentation depths smaller than 10 nm, and the dependence disappears for larger indentation depths. In contrast, plastic noise in the nanoindentation force and displacement displays statistically robust noise features, independently of applied stresses. Our experimental results suggest the existence of a regime in Face Centered Cubic (FCC) crystals where ultranano hardness is sensitive to residual applied stresses, but plasticity pop-in noise is insensitive to it.

A Review Of 2d And 3d Plasmonic Nanostructure Array Patterns: Fabrication, Light Management And Sensing Applications, Sujan Kassani, Katherine Curtin, Nianqiang Wu

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Abstract: This review article discusses progress in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) chip-based nanostructure array patterns. Recent advancements in fabrication techniques for nano-arrays have endowed researchers with tools to explore a material’s plasmonic optical properties. In this review, fabrication techniques including electron-beam lithography, focused-ion lithography, dip-pen lithography, laser interference lithography, nanosphere lithography, nanoimprint lithography, and anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template-based lithography are introduced and discussed. Nano-arrays have gained increased attention because of their optical property dependency (lightmatter interactions) on size, shape, and periodicity. In particular, nano-array architectures can be tailored to produce and tune plasmonic …

Exploration Of High Entropy Ceramics (Hecs) With Computational Thermodynamics - A Case Study With Lamno3±Δ, Yu Zhong, Hooman Sabarou, Xiaotian Yan, Mei Yang, Michael C. Gao, Xingbo Liu, Richard D. Sisson Jr.

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The concept of the new category materials high entropy ceramics (HECs) has been proposed several years ago, which is directly borrowed from high entropy alloys (HEAs). It quickly attracts a lot of interests and displays promising properties. However, there is no clear definition of HECs differentiating it from HEAs, as it is still in its early research stage. In the current work, we are trying to use the classic perovskite LaMnO3±δ (LMO) to demonstrate the fundamental differences between HECs and HEAs. We have adopted the integrated defect chemistry and CALPHAD approach to investigate the mixing behavior and how it is …

Quaternion-Based Robust Attitude Estimation Using An Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter, Antonio C. B. Chiella, Bruno O. S. Teixeira, Guilherme A. S. Pereira

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This paper presents the Quaternion-based Robust Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter (QRAUKF) for attitude estimation. The proposed methodology modifies and extends the standard UKF equations to consistently accommodate the non-Euclidean algebra of unit quaternions and to add robustness to fast and slow variations in the measurement uncertainty. To deal with slow time-varying perturbations in the sensors, an adaptive strategy based on covariance matching that tunes the measurement covariance matrix online is used. Additionally, an outlier detector algorithm is adopted to identify abrupt changes in the UKF innovation, thus rejecting fast perturbations. Adaptation and outlier detection make the proposed algorithm robust to …

On The Unusual Amber Coloration Of Nanoporous Sol-Gel Processed Al-Doped Silica Glass: An Experimental Study, Alvin Chang, Yujuan He, Maria A. Torres Arango, Maoyu Wang, Yang Ren, Zhenxing Feng, Chih-Hung Chang, Knostantinos A. Sierros

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Silica is the most abundant component on the earth’s surface. It plays an important role in many natural processes. Silica is also a critical material for a wide range of technical applications such as in optics and electronics. In this work, we discuss our recent experimental observation of the unusual amber coloration of aluminum doped sol-gel glass that has not been reported in the past. We characterized Al-doped sol-gel glasses, prepared at different sintering temperature, using a plethora of techniques to investigate the origin of this unusual coloration and to understand their structural and chemical properties. We used these experimental …

Programmed Design Of A Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cathode By Integrating Functional Units, Zhipeng Zeng, Wei Li, Qiang Wang, Xingbo Liu

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Sulfur is considered to be one of the most promising cathode materials due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low cost. However, the insulating nature of sulfur and notorious “shuttle effect” of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) lead to severe loss of active sulfur, poor redox kinetics, and rapid capacity fade. Herein, a hierarchical electrode design is proposed to address these issues synchronously, which integrates multiple building blocks with specialized functions into an ensemble to construct a self‐supported versatile cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries. Nickel foam acts as a robust conductive scaffold. The heteroatom‐doped host carbon with desired lithiophilicity and electronic conductivity …

Stair Climbing Hand Truck, James Mcpherson

All Undergraduate Projects

Abstract

Getting a heavy object up a flight of stairs usually requires a team of two or more people. Even with a team of people, the task is often still difficult, dangerous, and possibly insurmountable by one person. This problem is especially prevalent in for those who are moving into apartment complexes. Most apartment complexes have many buildings with two or more floors of living quarters, and elevators are often missing. This project sought to offer a solution to this problem. The solution in question; a motorized hand-truck with 2, trigonal planar pinwheels in place of the stock wheels. The …

Design And Fabrication Of A Remote-Controlled Plane For The Advanced Class Sae Aero Design Competition, Simon Esau

Theses

The goal of the present research is to optimize the radio-controlled airplane design for the Society of Automotive Engineers International (SAE) Aero Design Advanced Class competition. The SAE Aero Design Advanced Class seeks to further research and development of an aeronautic system that can deliver cargo and passengers to form a colony on Mars. Mission success is achieved by attending to the rules, constraints, and requirements of the competition. System-level engineering is applied to meet these diverse requirements and create a robust final product. The radio-controlled airplane submitted for competition can theoretically be scaled to carry colonists, habitats, and supplies …

Me-Em 2018-19 Annual Report, Department Of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Annual Reports

Table of Contents

• Faculty Research
• Enrollment & Degrees
• Department News
• Graduates
• Faculty & Staff
• Alumni
• Donors
• Contracts & Grants
• Patents & Publications

A Novel Approach Towards Investigating The Performance Of Different Pvt Configurations Integrated On Test Cells: An Experimental Study, Vivek Tomar, Brian Norton, G. N. Tiwari

Articles

This study elaborates the theoretical and experimental analysis for the effectiveness of different photovoltaic thermal (PVT) configurations along with their building implications. An experiment was performed on especially designed four identical prototype test cells emphasise the building integration photovoltaic thermal (BiPVT) systems. A comparative analysis of four different possible PVT configurations integrated on identical test cells namely; Case 1: Glass-to-glass PV with duct integrated on a test cell, Case 2: Glass-to -glass PV without duct integrated on a test cell, Case 3: Glass to tedlar PV with duct integrated on a test cell and Case 4: Glass to tedlar PV …

Recycling Licoo2 With Methanesulfonic Acid For Regeneration Of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Materials., Bin Wang, Xin-Ye Lin, Yuanyuan Tang, Qiang Wang, Michael K.H. Leung, Xiao-Ying Lu

Faculty of Science & Technology (THEi)

With the massive consumption of lithium-ion batteries in portable consumer electronics and electric vehicles, proper disposal of spent batteries is of paramount importance for sustainable development. In this study, biodegradable organic methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is investigated for the first time to leach valuable metals from waste LiCoO2 powders for battery material regeneration. Under the optimal conditions, leaching efficiencies of lithium and cobalt are achieved at nearly ∼100% and ∼100%, respectively. Comparison experiment indicates that MSA can achieve better leaching performance than previously reported organic acids (e.g. citric acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid) under the same conditions. Besides, strong …

Year-Round-Based Optimization Of High-Low Control In The Regenerative Indirect Evaporative Cooler (Riec), Huaxia Yan, Yi Chen, Weilong Zhang

Faculty of Science & Technology (THEi)

The performance of the regenerative indirect evaporative cooler (RIEC) highly depends on ambient temperature and humidity. To maintain indoor thermal comfort, proper control strategy is essential. Previous research indicates that high–low (H-L) control by using multispeed technology is superior to the conventional on–off control in terms of energy consumption and thermal comfort. Under H-L control, a fan switches between a high speed and a low speed. The high speed is determined by the peak load. However, the selection of low speed involves a great sense of subjectivity. Therefore, the influence of low speed on system performance is comprehensively investigated and …

Thermal Properties Study And Performance Investigation Of Potassium Formate Solution In A Falling Film Dehumidifier/Regenerator., Tao Wen, Meng Wang, Yi Chen, Weifeng He, Yimo Luo

Faculty of Science & Technology (THEi)

Compared with the extensive attention drawn by salt solutions, the promising potassium formate (KCOOH) solution which has smaller causticity and lower price receives little attention in the field of liquid desiccant cooling system (LDCS). Consequently, the present paper studied both the thermal properties and mass transfer performance of KCOOH solution for its practical engineering application. The vapor pressure and density of KCOOH solution under different concentrations and temperatures were measured and then fitted in the form of polynomials with the mean absolute relative deviation (MARD) of 0.06% and 0.551% respectively. Referring to the data in the existing literature, the heat …