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2005

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Articles 391 - 420 of 427

Full-Text Articles in Mechanical Engineering

An Acoustic Fluid-Structure Simulation Of A Therapeutic Ultrasound Wire Waveguide Apparatus, Graham Gavin, M. Hashmi, Finbar Dolan, Garret Mcguinness Jan 2005

An Acoustic Fluid-Structure Simulation Of A Therapeutic Ultrasound Wire Waveguide Apparatus, Graham Gavin, M. Hashmi, Finbar Dolan, Garret Mcguinness

Conference Papers

The use of high-power low-frequency ultrasound transmitted down small diameter wire waveguides is an emerging technology that may have potential in the treatment of complicated atherosclerotic plaques in cardiovascular surgery. This form of energy delivery results in vibrating the distal-tip of the wire waveguide disrupting material by means of direct contact ablation and also cavitation, pressure waves and acoustic streaming in the surrounding fluid. This work describes a numerical acoustic fluid-structure model of the ultrasound wire waveguide and blood surrounding the distal tip. The structural analysis of the model predicts the natural frequencies of the waveguide and shows the extent …

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An Investigation On The Suitability Of Surface Engineered Austempered Ductile Iron As A Gear Material, M. Grech, David Kennedy, Zdravko Schauperl Jan 2005

An Investigation On The Suitability Of Surface Engineered Austempered Ductile Iron As A Gear Material, M. Grech, David Kennedy, Zdravko Schauperl

Conference Papers

This preliminary study demonstrates that surface engineered austempered ductile iron is a valid alternative gear material to carburised steel. The impact energy of ductile cast iron samples in various conditions, including as – cast, austempered at 240oC and austempered and shot peened using both 0.7mm and 1.4mm steel balls, was measured. As expected the as-cast material exhibited nominal impact energy. This has been attributed mainly to the pearlitic matrix structure.Austempering generally increases the impact energy. The extent of the improvement is however dependent on the austempering temperature and the resulting microstructure. It was shown that the structure following …

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A Model Of Function-Based Representations, Michael Van Wie, Cari R. Bryant, Matt R. Bohm, Robert B. Stone, Daniel A. Mcadams Jan 2005

A Model Of Function-Based Representations, Michael Van Wie, Cari R. Bryant, Matt R. Bohm, Robert B. Stone, Daniel A. Mcadams

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The need to model and to reason about design alternatives throughout the design process demands robust representation schemes of function, behavior, and structure. Function describes the physical effect imposed on an energy or material flow by a design entity without regard for the working principles or physical solutions used to accomplish this effect. Behaviors are the physical events associated with a physical artifact (or hypothesized concept) over time (or simulated time) as perceived by an observer. Structure, the most tangible concept, partitions an artifact into meaningful constituents such as features, Wirk elements, and interfaces in addition to the widely used …

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Adhesion Of An Axisymmetric Film Onto A Rigid Substrate: Application To A Mem-Rf-Switch, Ming-Fung Wong Jan 2005

Adhesion Of An Axisymmetric Film Onto A Rigid Substrate: Application To A Mem-Rf-Switch, Ming-Fung Wong

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

A solid mechanics model is constructed to discuss the mechanical aspect of a MEM-RF-switch. A thin circular membrane clamped at the perimeter is adhered to a rigid cylindrical flat punch. A tensile load applied to the punch causes an interfacial de lamination. Once the contact circle shrinks to 0.1758 - 0.3651 of the punch dimension depending on the magnitude of the tensile residual stress on the film, a spontaneous delamination, or "pull-off', occurs and the film snaps from the substrate at a critical load and punch displacement. The theoretical model has significant implications in MEMS that involves active moveable films.

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Colossal Dielectric And Electromechanical Responses In Self Assembled Polymeric Nanocomposites, Cheng Huang, Q. M. Zhang, Jiang Yu Li, Manese Rabeony Jan 2005

Colossal Dielectric And Electromechanical Responses In Self Assembled Polymeric Nanocomposites, Cheng Huang, Q. M. Zhang, Jiang Yu Li, Manese Rabeony

Department of Engineering Mechanics: Faculty Publications

An electroactive polymer nanocomposite, in which high dielectric constant copper phthalocyanine oligomer (o-CuPc) nanoparticles are incorporated into the block polyurethane (PU) matrix by the combination of “top down” and “bottom up” approaches, was realized. Such an approach enables the nanocomposite to exhibit colossal dielectric and electromechanical responses with very low volume fraction of the high dielectric constant o-CuPc nanofillers (~3.5%) in the composite. In contrast, a simple blend of o-CuPc and PU composite with much higher o-CuPc content (~16% of o-CuPc) shows much lower dielectric and electromechanical responses.

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A Model For Predicting The Evolution Of Damage In Viscoelastic Particle-Reinforced Composites, G. D. Seidel, D. H. Allen, K. L. E. Helms, S. E. Groves Jan 2005

A Model For Predicting The Evolution Of Damage In Viscoelastic Particle-Reinforced Composites, G. D. Seidel, D. H. Allen, K. L. E. Helms, S. E. Groves

Department of Engineering Mechanics: Faculty Publications

A viscoelastic cohesive zone model is employed within the framework of a finite element code to analyze a two-phase viscoelastic particle-reinforced composite material consisting of a relatively stiff aggregate embedded in a copolymer binder. The composite of interest, LX17, is noted to have a very large aggregate volume fraction and as such, aggregate grain boundaries were generated within finite element meshes along which viscoelastic cohesive zones have been embedded to model the binder. It has been observed experimentally that the majority of damage in LX17 occurs within the binder, and thus, a damage evolution law has been applied to the …

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Indium Growth On Si(100)-2 X 1 By Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition, M. A. Hafez, M. S. Hegazy, H. E. Elsayed-Ali Jan 2005

Indium Growth On Si(100)-2 X 1 By Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition, M. A. Hafez, M. S. Hegazy, H. E. Elsayed-Ali

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Indium was grown on Si (100) -2×1 at room temperature by femtosecond pulsed laser deposition. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) was performed in situ to study film morphology and in-plane lattice spacing. Indium was found to grow on Si (100) -2×1 by the Stranski-Krastanov mode. The initial two-dimensional In layer formed in the In-2×1 structure with a lattice constant of 3.65 Å. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the specular peak decreased during the growth, indicating an increase of the In islands size. Further In growth on the initial In-2×1 layer showed the formation of hexagonal, elongated, and hemispherical islands …

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Dynamic Re-Optimization Of A Mems Controller In Presence Of Unmodeled Uncertainties, Nishant Unnikrishnan, S. N. Balakrishnan, Venkat Durbha Jan 2005

Dynamic Re-Optimization Of A Mems Controller In Presence Of Unmodeled Uncertainties, Nishant Unnikrishnan, S. N. Balakrishnan, Venkat Durbha

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Online trained neural networks have become popular in recent years in designing robust and adaptive controllers for dynamic systems with uncertainties in their system equations because of their universal function approximation property. This paper discusses a technique that dynamically reoptimizes a Single Network Adaptive Critic (SNAC) based optimal controller in the presence of unmodeled uncertainties. The controller design is carried out in two steps: (i) synthesis of a set of online neural networks that capture the uncertainties in the plant equations on-line (ii) re-optimization of the existing optimal controller to drive the states of the plant to a desired reference …

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Modular Control Laboratory System With Integrated Simulation, Animation, Emulation, And Experimental Components, J. Liu, Robert G. Landers Jan 2005

Modular Control Laboratory System With Integrated Simulation, Animation, Emulation, And Experimental Components, J. Liu, Robert G. Landers

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A typical sequence for the design of a controller, given the desired objectives, is the following: system modeling, design and mathematical analysis, simulation studies, emulation, and experimental implementation. Most control courses thoroughly cover design and mathematical analysis and utilize a simulation or experimental project at the end of the course. However, animation and emulation are seldom utilized and projects rarely cover the entire controller design sequence. This paper presents a control laboratory system developed at the University of Missouri at Rolla that integrates simulation, animation, emulation, and experimental components. The laboratory system may be applied to a wide variety of …

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Advances In In-Situ Calibration Of Attitude And Doppler Sensors For Precision Oceanographic Submersible Navigation, James C. Kinsey Jan 2005

Advances In In-Situ Calibration Of Attitude And Doppler Sensors For Precision Oceanographic Submersible Navigation, James C. Kinsey

Link Foundation Ocean Engineering and Instrumentation Fellowship Reports

This paper reviews the development and experimental evaluation of three techniques for estimating the alignment matrix of Doppler sonars, which are commonly used for precision navigation of oceanographic submersibles, employing sensors commonly employed aboard these vehicles. Most previously reported methods addressed the problem of single degree of freedom alignment using bottom-lock Doppler sonar data and global positioning system (GPS) navigation data. This paper reviews three techniques for three degree of freedom calibration of attitude and Doppler sonar sensors, using sensor data available to vehicles at full ocean depth. The first technique provides a general linear least-square estimate of the alignment …

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Performance Enhancement Of The Wirewalker Wave-Powered Profiler, Jonathan Pompa Jan 2005

Performance Enhancement Of The Wirewalker Wave-Powered Profiler, Jonathan Pompa

Link Foundation Ocean Engineering and Instrumentation Fellowship Reports

The Wire-Walker is a wave-powered vertical profiler made for carrying oceanographic instruments. It cycles continuously through the depth range set by the user, providing a traveling platform for sensors. To achieve high data resolution in time varying environments, the Wire-Walker was redesigned from its original configuration for higher profiling speed. Improvements were made to the WireWalker profiler by using a numerical simulation of the system dynamics. Each physical parameter was varied in the model to find its effect on the profiling speed. Using the guidelines from the modeling experiment, a new WireWalker was constructed and tested in the ocean. The …

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Modeling And Control Of Re-Entry Heat Transfer Problem Using Neural Networks, Katie Grantham, Radhakant Padhi, S. N. Balakrishnan, Dwight C. Look Jan 2005

Modeling And Control Of Re-Entry Heat Transfer Problem Using Neural Networks, Katie Grantham, Radhakant Padhi, S. N. Balakrishnan, Dwight C. Look

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A nonlinear optimal re-entry temperature control problem is solved using single network adaptive critic (SNAC) technique. The nonlinear model developed and used accounts for conduction, convection and radiation at high temperature, represents the dynamics of heat transfer in a cooling fin for an object re-entering the earth's atmosphere. Simulation results demonstrate that the control synthesis technique presented is very effective in obtaining a desired temperature profile over a wide envelope of initial temperature distribution.

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Autonomous Vehicle Technologies For Small Fixed-Wing Uavs, Randal Beard, Derek Kingston, Morgan Quigley, Deryl Snyder, Reed Christiansen, Walt Johnson, Timothy Mclain, Michael A. Goodrich Jan 2005

Autonomous Vehicle Technologies For Small Fixed-Wing Uavs, Randal Beard, Derek Kingston, Morgan Quigley, Deryl Snyder, Reed Christiansen, Walt Johnson, Timothy Mclain, Michael A. Goodrich

Faculty Publications

The objective of this paper is to describe the design and implementation of a small semi-autonomous fixed-wing unmanned air vehicle. In particular we describe the hardware and software architectures used in the design. We also describe a low weight, low cost autopilot developed at Brigham Young University and the algorithms associated with the autopilot. Novel PDA and voice interfaces to the UAV are described. In addition, we overview our approach to real-time path planning, trajectory generation, and trajectory tracking. The paper is augmented with movie files that demonstrate the functionality of the UAV and its control software.

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Investment Casting Using Ice Patterns -- Solid Mold And Shell Mold Methods, Harish Jose Jan 2005

Investment Casting Using Ice Patterns -- Solid Mold And Shell Mold Methods, Harish Jose

Masters Theses

"This thesis focuses on the development and implementation of the investment casting process using ice patterns. The traditional method of the investment casting process involves using wax patterns. Wax patterns tend to expand during the dewaxing process, and this causes stress on the shell wall which can eventually lead to the breaking of the wall. Ice patterns on the other hand shrink when heated. This is a very desirable property for the investment casting process. The process of dewaxing (dewatering) of ice patterns can be achieved by keeping the shells at room temperature, instead of heating the shell in an …

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Nonlinear Flutter Of Curved Panels Under Yawed Supersonic Flow Using Finite Elements, Mohamed Salim Azzouz Jan 2005

Nonlinear Flutter Of Curved Panels Under Yawed Supersonic Flow Using Finite Elements, Mohamed Salim Azzouz

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

In the extensive published literature on panel flutter, a large number of papers are dedicated to investigation of flat plates in the supersonic flow regime. Very few authors have extended their work to flutter of curved panels. The curved geometry generates a pre-flutter behavior, triggering a static deflection due to a static aerodynamic load (SAL) over the panel as well as dynamic characteristics unique to this geometry. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide new insights in the subject of flutter of curved panels. Finite element frequency and time domain methods are developed to predict the pre/post flutter responses …

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Transient Non-Linear Heat Conduction Solution By A Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method With An Effective Posteriori Error Estimator, Eduardo Divo, Alain J. Kassab Jan 2005

Transient Non-Linear Heat Conduction Solution By A Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method With An Effective Posteriori Error Estimator, Eduardo Divo, Alain J. Kassab

Publications

A Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method is formulated to solve non-linear heat conduction problems. The approach is based on using the Kirchhoff transform along with lagging of the effective non-linear thermal diffusivity. A posteriori error estimate is used to provide effective estimates of the temporal and spatial error. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the approach.

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Effects Of Magnetic Field On Micro Flames, Sumathi Swaminathan Jan 2005

Effects Of Magnetic Field On Micro Flames, Sumathi Swaminathan

LSU Master's Theses

The effect of a gradient magnetic field on a diffusion micro flame i.e. C3H8/air flame has been systematically studied to comprehend their interaction. A non-uniform magnetic field was produced in the air gap of an electromagnet and the C3H8/air flame corresponding to various flow velocities was subjected to the non-uniform field. The influence of the operating conditions on the fundamental characteristics of the diffusion flame, such as the flame structure, temperature distribution and the morphology of the soot produced in these flames have been thoroughly investigated. The flame structure and its luminosity were found to be influenced and the flame …

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Flame Synthesis Of Carbon-Nanostructures, Saritha Perla Jan 2005

Flame Synthesis Of Carbon-Nanostructures, Saritha Perla

LSU Master's Theses

Ever since their discovery carbon nanostructures (nanotubes and nanofibers) have attracted a lot of interest, due to their striking physical, chemical, mechanical and electrical properties, and paves the path to a wide range of applications. Large quantities of these structures are necessary to make their applications viable. The challenge is to produce them in bulk and in an economical way. Current methods like Arc discharge have the disadvantages of short tube lengths, CVD generated nanomaterials are often riddled with defects and although laser ablation method produces pure and high yield of nanotubes, is a costly technique with expensive lasers and …

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Intrinsic Stress And High Temperature Properties Of Metal-Contanining Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Coatings, Bo Shi Jan 2005

Intrinsic Stress And High Temperature Properties Of Metal-Contanining Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Coatings, Bo Shi

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

A detailed examination of the intrinsic stress development and mechanical properties of titanium-containing hydrogenated amorphous carbon (Ti-C:H) and W-C:H coatings, deposited in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) assisted hybrid chemical/physical vapor deposition (CVD/PVD) environment was carried out. Intrinsic stresses within those coatings were found to be compressive and dependent on compositions. The intrinsic compression within Ti-C:H was further shown to be significantly influenced by the energy of ionic species bombarding the substrate during growth. The results suggested that ion bombardment played a significant role in intrinsic stress generation within Ti-C:H, and was likely to influence stress development in other low …

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Hydrodynamic Analysis Of Compliant Journal Bearings, Amith Hanumappa Reddy Jan 2005

Hydrodynamic Analysis Of Compliant Journal Bearings, Amith Hanumappa Reddy

LSU Master's Theses

Compliant journal bearings are commonly used to support radial loads at extreme operating speeds and conditions where conventional bearings cannot operate. The journal and bearing system are supported by a thin lubricant film (gas) due to the hydrodynamic pressure distribution. To predict the bearing performance parameters, the compressible Reynolds equation is solved based on Infinitely Long Approximation (ILA), Finite Analysis (FA) and a new Modified Parabolic Approximation (MPA). The MPA method reduces the classical Reynolds equation to an ordinary differential equation. Appropriate equations and numerical solution are developed for treating a compressible Reynolds equation using MPA. A series of parametric …

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Modeling And Experimentation Of Drying Of Adipose Derived Adult Stem Cells, Surbhi Mittal Jan 2005

Modeling And Experimentation Of Drying Of Adipose Derived Adult Stem Cells, Surbhi Mittal

LSU Master's Theses

Development of protocols for storing desiccated cells at ambient temperatures offers tremendous economic and practical advantages over traditional storage procedures such as cryopreservation and freeze-drying. An integrated frame work of experimentation and modeling is adopted in the present work to develop procedures for storage of adult stem cells at ambient temperature. As a first step, we have measured the post-rehydration membrane integrity of two passages, Passage-0 (P0) and Passage-1 (P1), of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). hASCs were dried using a convective stage at three different drying rates (slow, moderate and rapid) in D-PBS with trehalose (50 mM) and glycerol …

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Analysis And Testing Of Waste Tire Fiber Modified Concrete, Gregory Marvin Garrick Jan 2005

Analysis And Testing Of Waste Tire Fiber Modified Concrete, Gregory Marvin Garrick

LSU Master's Theses

There are very serious problems with the disposal of waste tires in the United States. Experiments were conducted to determine how the properties of concrete were affected by the inclusion of waste tires. Waste tires were used in the form of chips and fibers. The fibers were further divided into batches with different lengths to determine the effect of length has on the properties of concrete. There was a noticeable decline in the compressive strength of the concrete; however there was an increase in the toughness of the concrete. It was concluded that waste tire fibers were more suitable as …

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Advanced Grid Stiffened Composite Structures, Dinesh Maricherla Jan 2005

Advanced Grid Stiffened Composite Structures, Dinesh Maricherla

LSU Master's Theses

In this study Advanced Grid Stiffened (AGS) composite structures are developed and analyzed for their mechanical properties. It is widely known that these structures possess light weight, high strength, and inherent impact resistance. Because of the advantages mentioned above, the AGS composite structures find many applications in aerospace, ship building and construction industries. The purpose of this study is to manufacture AGS composite structures and analyze AGS composite structures as reinforcement members. A FEA model is also developed and validated with the test results. Parametric analysis is also conducted to investigate the effects of different design parameters on these structures. …

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Fracture Toughness Characterization Of Syntactic Foams, Vijay Gorugantu Jan 2005

Fracture Toughness Characterization Of Syntactic Foams, Vijay Gorugantu

LSU Master's Theses

Hollow particle filled polymeric materials called syntactic foams are used as core materials in sandwich composite structures. Syntactic foams find applications in aeronautical and space structures and therefore demand careful study and testing before they can be put to service. In the first part of this thesis work, syntactic foams are fabricated by varying the volume fraction of microballoons and also their density. Four different densities of microballoons are used ranging from 0.22 g/cc to 0.46 g/cc. The volume fraction of the microballoons is varied from 30% to 65%. A set of 3-point bending tests are conducted on these foam …

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Simulation Of A Micro Jet Cooling Array, Pierre Montanier Jan 2005

Simulation Of A Micro Jet Cooling Array, Pierre Montanier

LSU Master's Theses

The new generation of electronic devices are more powerful, and they produce more heat. Hence, there is a need for micro cooling systems for removing the heat from these micro chips. This research focused on one micro cooling system-the micro jet cooling array. Some test simulations were made on a single jet cooling system. In addition, the inlet Reynolds number was varied in order to obtain the variation of the heat transfer coefficient. These simulations gave a basic idea of how the impingement cooling method works on the micro jet cooling array. Numerical simulations were made on the actual micro …

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Mesoscopic Simulation Of Grain Boundary Diffusion Creep In Inhomogeneous Microstructures, Kanishk Rastogi Jan 2005

Mesoscopic Simulation Of Grain Boundary Diffusion Creep In Inhomogeneous Microstructures, Kanishk Rastogi

LSU Master's Theses

At high temperatures, stresses well below the material’s tensile yield strength can induce permanent deformation over a period of time. This time-dependent progressive deformation of a material at constant stress is called Creep and is observed in both crystalline and non-crystalline solids. The principal deformation processes contributing to creep deformation are slip, sub-grain formation and grain-boundary sliding. Mechanisms involving creep of crystalline materials involve either dislocation motion or diffusional flow of atoms or both. Extensive studies have been done to ascertain the creep mechanism in various regimes of temperature and applied stresses. At low stresses and high temperatures, grain boundary …

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Pressure-Velocity Correlation Study On 1:50 Scale Model Of The Ttu Wind Engineering Research Field Lab Building, Praveen Kumar Jan 2005

Pressure-Velocity Correlation Study On 1:50 Scale Model Of The Ttu Wind Engineering Research Field Lab Building, Praveen Kumar

LSU Master's Theses

The goal of the present study is to investigate the relationship between incident wind velocity fluctuations and the surface pressure fluctuations on the roof of a low rise building. The goal was fulfilled by studying the pressure velocity correlation on 1:50 scale model of a typical low rise building, the Wind Engineering Research Field Laboratory (WERFL) building located at Texas Tech University, Lubbock. The experimental study was carried out in the LSU Wind Tunnel Laboratory by simulating the boundary layer prevalent at the full-scale site. The velocity profile in the boundary layer was measured using the TSI Hot-Wire system with …

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Study Of The Effects Of Magnetic Field On The Properties Of Combustion Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Nagaraju Komuravelli Jan 2005

Study Of The Effects Of Magnetic Field On The Properties Of Combustion Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Nagaraju Komuravelli

LSU Master's Theses

Nanosized chain-like aggregates were developed in an iron pentacarbonyl-carbon monoxide (Fe(CO) 5 ¨C CO) air diffusion flame system. Magnetic field was applied around the diffusion flame using an electromagnet with an intensity of 0.4 Tesla. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis was performed to observe the behavior of the chains formed and to study the effect of magnetic field on these chains. These chain aggregates consist mainly of Fe2O3, which play a vital role in magnetic storage devices. Diffraction pattern analysis and X-ray Photon Spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out to confirm that the chain aggregates consist of mainly ¦Ã-Fe2O3. The effect …

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Thermal Management Of The Lsu Micro Gas Chromatograph, Praveen K. Pasupuleti Jan 2005

Thermal Management Of The Lsu Micro Gas Chromatograph, Praveen K. Pasupuleti

LSU Master's Theses

Gas chromatography is a technique widely used for the separation and analysis of gas samples. Gas chromatographs are used for environmental maintenance, monitoring sophisticated biological analyses, and to separate components from a mixture of gases for mass spectrometer analysis. There has been a tremendous interest in miniaturization of gas chromatograph systems because of the potential for portability, faster response time, lower dead volume, lower power consumption, and lower cost of operation. Conventional gas chromatography keeps the column at a constant temperature during separation, which is called isothermal analysis. Temperature programming is a mode of gas chromatography in which the column …

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Molecular Dynamics Simulations Of Biological Membranes In The Presence Of Cryoprotectants, Dinesh Pinisetty Jan 2005

Molecular Dynamics Simulations Of Biological Membranes In The Presence Of Cryoprotectants, Dinesh Pinisetty

LSU Master's Theses

Cryopreservation is a process that is characterized by the transport of water and cryoprotectants through the cell membrane. This phenomenon has been studied in extensive detail at the macroscopic (µm) scale but in a somewhat more limited fashion at the microscopic (nm) scale. In this study we develop several lipid bilayer models to approximate a cell membrane (nm) and present the effect of several different cryoprotectants on the structural characteristics of these lipid bilayers using molecular dynamic simulations. The lipid bilayer models included dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and palmitoyleylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) while the cryoprotectants included methanol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The molecular …

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