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Full-Text Articles in Mechanical Engineering

Ignition Studies Of Oxy-Syngas/Co2 Mixtures Using Shock Tube For Cleaner Combustion Engines, Samuel Barak Jan 2018

Ignition Studies Of Oxy-Syngas/Co2 Mixtures Using Shock Tube For Cleaner Combustion Engines, Samuel Barak

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this study, syngas combustion was investigated behind reflected shock waves in order to gain insight into the behavior of ignition delay times and effects of the CO2 dilution. Pressure and light emissions time-histories measurements were taken at a 2 cm axial location away from the end wall. High-speed visualization of the experiments from the end wall was also conducted. Oxy-syngas mixtures that were tested in the shock tube were diluted with CO2 fractions ranging from 60% - 85% by volume. A 10% fuel concentration was consistently used throughout the experiments. This study looked at the effects of changing the …


Characterization, Classification, And Genesis Of Seismocardiographic Signals, Amirtaha Taebi Jan 2018

Characterization, Classification, And Genesis Of Seismocardiographic Signals, Amirtaha Taebi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Seismocardiographic (SCG) signals are the acoustic and vibration induced by cardiac activity measured non-invasively at the chest surface. These signals may offer a method for diagnosing and monitoring heart function. Successful classification of SCG signals in health and disease depends on accurate signal characterization and feature extraction. In this study, SCG signal features were extracted in the time, frequency, and time-frequency domains. Different methods for estimating time-frequency features of SCG were investigated. Results suggested that the polynomial chirplet transform outperformed wavelet and short time Fourier transforms. Many factors may contribute to increasing intrasubject SCG variability including subject posture and respiratory …


Characterization Of Anisotropic Mechanical Performance Of As-Built Additively Manufactured Metals, Sanna Siddiqui Jan 2018

Characterization Of Anisotropic Mechanical Performance Of As-Built Additively Manufactured Metals, Sanna Siddiqui

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies use a 3D Computer Aided Design (CAD) model to develop a component through a deposition and fusion layer process, allowing for rapid design and geometric flexibility of metal components, for use in the aerospace, energy and biomedical industries. Challenges exist with additive manufacturing that limits its replacement of conventional manufacturing techniques, most especially a comprehensive understanding of the anisotropic behavior of these materials and how it is reflected in observed tensile, torsional and fatigue mechanical responses. As such, there is a need to understand how the build orientation of as-built additively manufactured metals, affects mechanical performance …


Adiabatic Film Cooling Effectiveness Of A Transpiration-Cooled Leading Edge Fabricated By Laser Additive Manufacturing, Luisana Calderon Jan 2018

Adiabatic Film Cooling Effectiveness Of A Transpiration-Cooled Leading Edge Fabricated By Laser Additive Manufacturing, Luisana Calderon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) is an emerging technology capable of fabricating complex geometries not possibly made by investment casting methods for gas turbine applications. LAM techniques consist of building parts in a layer-by-layer process by selectively melting metal powders. In the present study, a mock leading edge segment of a turbine blade fabricated by LAM of Inconel 718 powders is investigated. For this particular design, the traditional showerhead film cooling holes have been replaced by two strips containing engineered-porous regions with the purpose of simulating the effect of transpiration cooling. Transpiration cooling has been considered a promising external convective cooling …


Fluid Dynamics Modeling And Sound Analysis Of A Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve, Fardin Khalili Jan 2018

Fluid Dynamics Modeling And Sound Analysis Of A Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve, Fardin Khalili

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of death in the world. Some CVD involve severe heart valve disease that require valve replacement. There are more than 300,000 heart valves implanted worldwide, and about 85,000 heart valve replacements in the US. Approximately half of these valves are mechanical. Artificial valves may dysfunction leading to adverse hemodynamic conditions. Understanding the normal and abnormal valve function is important as it help improve valve designs. Modeling of heart valve hemodynamics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides a comprehensive analysis of flow, which can potentially help explain clinical observations and support therapeutic …


Biomechanical Models Of Human Upper And Tracheal Airway Functionality, Don Nadun Kuruppumullage Jan 2018

Biomechanical Models Of Human Upper And Tracheal Airway Functionality, Don Nadun Kuruppumullage

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The respiratory tract, in other words, the airway, is the primary airflow path for several physiological activities such as coughing, breathing, and sneezing. Diseases can impact airway functionality through various means including cancer of the head and neck, Neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, and sleep disorders and all of which are considered in this study. In this dissertation, numerical modeling techniques were used to simulate three distinct airway diseases: a weak cough leading to aspiration, upper airway patency in obstructive sleep apnea, and tongue cancer in swallow disorders. The work described in this dissertation, therefore, divided into three biomechanical …


Characterization Of Fast Flames For Turbulence-Induced Deflagration To Detonation Transition, Jessica Chambers Jan 2018

Characterization Of Fast Flames For Turbulence-Induced Deflagration To Detonation Transition, Jessica Chambers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One of the fundamental mechanisms for detonation initiation is turbulence driven deflagration to detonation transition (TDDT). The research experimentally explores the propagation dynamics demonstrated by fast deflagrated flames interacting with highly turbulent reactants. Fast flames produce extremely high turbulent flame speeds values, increased levels of compressibility and develop a runaway mechanism that leads to TDDT. The flame structural dynamics and reacting flow field are characterized using simultaneous high-speed particle image velocimetry, chemiluminescence, and Schlieren measurements. The investigation classifies the fast flame propagation modes at various regimes. The study further examines the conditions for a turbulent fast flame at the boundary …


A Study On The Plasticity And Fracture Of Aisi 4340 Steel Under Different Loading Conditions Considering Heat Treatment And Micromechanics, Sami Ghazali Jan 2018

A Study On The Plasticity And Fracture Of Aisi 4340 Steel Under Different Loading Conditions Considering Heat Treatment And Micromechanics, Sami Ghazali

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Accurate predictions of material strength under different loading conditions with large plastic deformation and ductile fracture are of great importance. This dissertation aims to develop an essential understanding of ductile fracture of AISI 4340 steel alloy using both empirical and micromechanics based models. For this purpose, 29 specimens of different geometries with different heat-treatments were designed to investigate the effects of stress states. These specimens are: (a) 13 round bars with different notches (axial symmetric tension); (b) 13 flat grooved specimens with different grooves; (c) 3 small round cylinders. Mechanical tests up to fracture were conducted on these specimens to …


Energy-Optimal Guidance Of An Auv Under Flow Uncertainty And Fluid-Particle Interaction, Demuni Singith De Zoysa Abeysiriwardena Jan 2018

Energy-Optimal Guidance Of An Auv Under Flow Uncertainty And Fluid-Particle Interaction, Demuni Singith De Zoysa Abeysiriwardena

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The work presented gives an energy-optimal solution to the guidance problem of an AUV. The presented guidance methods are for lower level control of AUV paths, facilitating existing global planning methods to be carried out comparatively more efficiently. The underlying concept is to use the energy of fluid flow fields the AUVs are navigating to extend the duration of missions. This allows gathering of comparatively more data with higher spatio-temporal resolution. The problem is formulated for a generalized two dimensional uniform flow field given a fixed final time and free end states. This allows the AUVs to navigate to certain …


Mechanisms Of Flame Extinction For Bluff Body Stabilized Flames With Influences Of Pressure Gradient Tailoring, Anthony Morales Jan 2018

Mechanisms Of Flame Extinction For Bluff Body Stabilized Flames With Influences Of Pressure Gradient Tailoring, Anthony Morales

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Flame extinction continues to hinder the performance of combustion technologies used in propulsion systems and power generating turbomachinery. Within these applications, there is a crucial need to improve energy output while minimizing harmful environmental impacts. Lean combustion helps attain these goals by minimizing fuel costs and reducing NOx emissions. However, operating at lean conditions increases the likelihood of flame extinction; the flame becomes more susceptible to hydrodynamic instabilities which can induce global blowout and termination of the combustion process. The work in this thesis is focused on identifying the mechanisms of flame extinction and controlling these mechanisms via pressure gradient …


Flutter Stability Of Shrouded Turbomachinery Cascades With Nonlinear Frictional Damping, Alex Torkaman Jan 2018

Flutter Stability Of Shrouded Turbomachinery Cascades With Nonlinear Frictional Damping, Alex Torkaman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Prediction of flutter in shrouded turbomachinery cascades is difficult due to i) coupling of aerodynamic drivers and structural dynamics of the cascade through shrouds, and ii) presence of nonlinear dry friction damping as a result of relative motion between adjacent shrouds. An analytical framework is developed in this dissertation to determine flutter stability of shrouded cascades with consideration of friction damping. This framework is an extension to the well-established energy method, and it includes all contributing factors affecting stability of the cascade such as aerodynamic excitation and the stabilizing effects of dry friction damping caused by nonlinear contact forces between …


A Localized Blended Rbf Collocation Method For Effective Shock Capturing, Michael Harris Jan 2018

A Localized Blended Rbf Collocation Method For Effective Shock Capturing, Michael Harris

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) can require numerical methods, especially for non-linear problems and complex geometry. Common numerical methods used today are the finite difference method (FDM), finite element method (FEM) and the finite volume method (FVM). These methods require a mesh or grid before a solution is attempted. Developing the mesh can require expensive preprocessing time and the quality of the mesh can have major effects on the solution. In recent years, meshless methods have become a research interest due to the simplicity of using scattered data points. Many types of meshless methods exist stemming from the spectral or …


Investigation Of Oxy-Fuel Combustion Behind Reflected Shockwaves, Owen Pryor Jan 2018

Investigation Of Oxy-Fuel Combustion Behind Reflected Shockwaves, Owen Pryor

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Supercritical carbon dioxide has brought about new questions on the chemical kinetics of several small hydrocarbon fuels and the effects of carbon dioxide as the primary diluent on the different fuels. This report presents work on the ignition delay times and several species time-histories of methane, ethylene and syngas over a range of conditions. All experiments were conducted behind reflected shock waves using two different shock tubes. The ignition delay times were measured using a GaP photodetector to measure the emission of light. The species time-histories were measured using single laser spectroscopy. The effect of CO2 as a diluent on …


Bio-Inspired Visual Servo Control Of A Picking Mechanism In An Agricultural Ground Robot, Sinem Gozde Defterli Jan 2018

Bio-Inspired Visual Servo Control Of A Picking Mechanism In An Agricultural Ground Robot, Sinem Gozde Defterli

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For a recently constructed disease detection agricultural ground robot, the segregation of unhealthy leaves from strawberry plants is a major task of the robot's manipulation subsystem in field operations. In this dissertation, the motion planning of a custom-designed picking mechanism in the ground robot's subsystem is studied in two sections. First, a set of analytical, suboptimal semi-analytical and numerical algorithms are studied to solve the inverse kinematics problem of the handling mechanism in firm circumstances. These premeditated approaches are built on the computation of the joint variables by an identified 3D position data of the target leaf only. The outcomes …


Investigation Of A Self-Powered Fontan Concept Using A Multiscale Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction Model, Kyle Beggs Jan 2018

Investigation Of A Self-Powered Fontan Concept Using A Multiscale Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction Model, Kyle Beggs

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) occurs in about 1\% (40,000) of newborn babies each year in the United States alone. About 10.9\% (960) of whom suffer from Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) - a subset of CHD where children are born with a single-ventricle (SV). A series of three surgeries are carried out to correct HLHS culminating in the Fontan procedure where venous flow returns passively to the lungs. The current configuration for the Fontan results in elevated Central Venous Pressure (CVP), inadequate ventricular preload, and elevated Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) leading to a barrage of disease. To alleviate these complications, …


Electrospray And Superlens Effect Of Microdroplets For Laser-Assisted Nanomanufacturing, Eduardo Castillo Orozco Jan 2018

Electrospray And Superlens Effect Of Microdroplets For Laser-Assisted Nanomanufacturing, Eduardo Castillo Orozco

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nanoparticles of various materials are known to exhibit excellent mechanical, chemical, electrical, and optical properties. However, it is difficult to deposit and transform nanoparticles into large two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures, such as thin films and discrete arrays. Electrospray technology and laser heating enable the deposition of these nanoparticles through the dual role of microdroplets as nanoparticle carriers and superlenses. The main goals of this dissertation are to delineate the electrospray modes, to achieve subwavelength focusing, and to enable a process for the deposition of nanoparticles into microlayers and discrete nanodots (a nanodot is a cluster of nanoparticles) on rigid and …


Detailed Understanding Of Flow, Heat Transfer, And Pressure Drop Behavior In A Square Channel With 45 Deg Ribs, Lumaya Ahmed Jan 2018

Detailed Understanding Of Flow, Heat Transfer, And Pressure Drop Behavior In A Square Channel With 45 Deg Ribs, Lumaya Ahmed

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Internal Duct Cooling (IDC) with rib turbulators is one of the common cooling techniques applied inside the turbine airfoils. It is very important for the gas turbine industry to design and develop an optimized cooling channel that maximizes the amount of heat removed, while simultaneously minimizing the pressure drop for a target overall cooling effectiveness. Angled ribs perform superior to the transverse ribs due to additional secondary flow associated with them. However, they result in a highly non-homogenous heat transfer distribution, which is a manifestation of the complex, turbulent flow field inside the channel. It is very important to comprehend …


Brain Stethoscope: A Non-Invasive Method For Monitoring Intracranial Pressure, Md Khurshidul Azad Jan 2018

Brain Stethoscope: A Non-Invasive Method For Monitoring Intracranial Pressure, Md Khurshidul Azad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) is important for patients with increased intracranial pressure. Invasive methods of ICP monitoring include lumbar puncture manometry, which requires high precision, is costly, and can lead to complications. Non-invasive monitoring of ICP using tympanic membrane pulse (TMp) measurement can provide an alternative monitoring method that avoids such complications. In the current study, a piezo based sensor was designed, constructed and used to acquire TMp signals. The results showed that tympanic membrane waveform changed in morphology and amplitude with increased ICP, which was induced by changing subject position using a tilt table. In addition, the results suggest …


Mechanism Design Of A Compact 4-Dof Robotic Needle Guide For Mri-Guided Prostate Intervention, Shihao Zhang Jan 2018

Mechanism Design Of A Compact 4-Dof Robotic Needle Guide For Mri-Guided Prostate Intervention, Shihao Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the past several MRI compatible robotic needle guide devices for targeted prostate biopsy have been developed. The large and complex structure have been identified as the major limitations of those devices. Such limitations, in addition to complex steps for device to image registration have prevented widespread implementation of MRI-guided prostate biopsy despite the advantages of MRI compared to TRUS. We have designed a compact MRI-guided robotic intervention with the capability to have angulated insertion to avoid damage to any anatomical feature along the needle path. The system consists of a novel mechanism driven Robotic Needle Guide (RNG). The RNG …


A Framework For Miniaturized Mechanical Characterization Of Tensile, Creep, And Fatigue Properties Of Slm Alloys, Jonathan Torres-Caceres Jan 2018

A Framework For Miniaturized Mechanical Characterization Of Tensile, Creep, And Fatigue Properties Of Slm Alloys, Jonathan Torres-Caceres

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

With the heightened design complexity that may be achieved through additive manufacturing (AM) comes an equally complex set of distinct material characteristics. To properly characterize new materials for use in selective laser melting (SLM), extensive analysis is necessary. Traditional testing techniques, however, can be prohibitive in time and cost incurred. The small punch test (SPT) has been developed for such purposes, where material is scarce or costly. Although lacking standardization, SPT has been successfully employed with various materials to assess material properties such as the yield and ultimate strength and verified by traditional testing results. With the accompaniment of numerical …


Multi-Scale Fluid-Structure Interaction Model Analysis Of Patient-Specific Geometry For Optimization Of Lvad Outflow Graft Implantation: An Investigation Aimed At Reducing Stroke Risk, Ray Prather Jan 2018

Multi-Scale Fluid-Structure Interaction Model Analysis Of Patient-Specific Geometry For Optimization Of Lvad Outflow Graft Implantation: An Investigation Aimed At Reducing Stroke Risk, Ray Prather

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD), is a mechanical pump capable of providing circulatory myocardium relief when used as bridge-to-transplantation by reducing the workload of a failing heart, with the additional bonus of allowing for cardiac recovery when used as destination therapy. The newer generations of continuous flow VADs are essentially axial or radial flow pumps, and while these devices are capable their efficiency depends upon fluid composition and flow field patterns. The most devastating complication of VAD therapy is caused by embolization of thrombi formed within the LVAD or inside the heart into the brain leading to stroke. Anticoagulation …


Numerical Study Of Interfacial Flow Using Algebraic Coupled Level Set-Volume Of Fluid (A-Clsvof) Method, Majid Haghshenas Jan 2018

Numerical Study Of Interfacial Flow Using Algebraic Coupled Level Set-Volume Of Fluid (A-Clsvof) Method, Majid Haghshenas

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Solving interfacial flows numerically has been a challenge due to the lack of sharpness and the presence of spurious currents at the interface. Two methods, Algebraic Coupled Level Set-Volume of Fluid (A-CLSVOF) method and Ghost Fluid Method (GFM) have been developed in the finite volume framework and employed in several interfacial flows such as Rayleigh-Taylor instability, rising bubble, impinging droplet and cross-flow oil plume. In the static droplet simulation, A-CLSVOF substantially reduces the spurious currents. The capillary wave relaxation shows that this method delivers results comparable to those of more rigorous methods such as Front Tracking methods for fine grids. …


Experimental Investigation Of Advanced Ignition Systems For High Efficiency Combustion, Bader Almansour Jan 2018

Experimental Investigation Of Advanced Ignition Systems For High Efficiency Combustion, Bader Almansour

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Consumption of fossil and bio-derived fuels is growing due to energy demands associated with increase in population and standard of living across the globe. Power generation and transportation sectors are the primary two sources of fuel consumption, which have raised the demand for crude oil and led to serious environmental pollution issues. This demand for energy forced various government agencies to strengthen the allowable exhaust pollutant concentration limits. Recently, CO, CO2, particulate matter, and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission restrictions have become more stringent to the extent that engines must operate at higher energy densities and efficiencies. Towards this goal, this …


Semi-Annual Program Progress Performance Report For University Transportation Systems Pppr#8, Florida Solar Energy Center, Richard Raustad Oct 2017

Semi-Annual Program Progress Performance Report For University Transportation Systems Pppr#8, Florida Solar Energy Center, Richard Raustad

FSEC Energy Research Center®

The major activity of the past reporting period has been the completing of the final project research reports. During the period, twelve projects (numbers 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 9, 22, 4, 5, 13, 20 and 18) were completed and the final project reports forwarded to DOT and the required associated organizations. Two additional final reports (numbers 12 and 21) are close to being completed. Final reports for the other 4 remaining projects (numbers 2, 8, 11 and 15) are in various stages of completion. For this reporting period, EVTC researchers concluded 12 project final reports, authored one publication, made …


Measured Performance Of A High-Efficiency Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Water Heater, Florida Solar Energy Center, Carlos Colon Sep 2017

Measured Performance Of A High-Efficiency Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Water Heater, Florida Solar Energy Center, Carlos Colon

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This paper describes a novel solar photovoltaic-assisted heat pump water heater (PV-HPWH). The system uses two 310 Wp PV modules, micro-inverters and innovative controls to produce and store daily hot water. The system likely costs half that of solar thermal systems, with greater reliability, no freeze protection and potentially superior performance in cloudy locations. Moreover, no net metering is needed for the PV, which with two modules makes for a simple installation.The HPWH controls have been modified through experimentation such that higher tank temperatures are achieved during the day when solar availability is high while avoiding triggering the compressor during …


The Subject Librarian Newsletter, Engineering And Computer Science, Fall 2017, Buenaventura "Ven" Basco Aug 2017

The Subject Librarian Newsletter, Engineering And Computer Science, Fall 2017, Buenaventura "Ven" Basco

Libraries' Newsletters

No abstract provided.


Phased Deep Retrofit Project: Real-Time Measurement Of Energy End-Uses And Retrofit Opportunities, Florida Solar Energy Center, Karen Fenaughty Aug 2017

Phased Deep Retrofit Project: Real-Time Measurement Of Energy End-Uses And Retrofit Opportunities, Florida Solar Energy Center, Karen Fenaughty

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This paper describes how utilities can 'make reductions real' through real-time measurement of energy end-uses and corresponding retrofit opportunities. A field evaluation of the methodology was conducted from 2012 to 2016 with Florida Power and Light (FPL), an investor owned utility. A collaborative program between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Building America and FPL led to an ambitious residential energy-efficiency retrofit study aimed to represent FPL's customer base. Fifty-six existing, all electric, occupied Florida homes were instrumented to collect one-minute data on most all energy end-uses in advance of energy-efficiency retrofits. Baseline measurements enabled the development of end-use profiles …


Socio-Economic Implications Of Large-Scale Electric Vehicle Systems, Florida Solar Energy Center, Omer Tatari Jul 2017

Socio-Economic Implications Of Large-Scale Electric Vehicle Systems, Florida Solar Energy Center, Omer Tatari

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Transportation is a complex, technology-intensive socio-technical system, which needs to be tackled in an integrated manner. Also, transportation as a sector is a significant component of any national economy, and has far-reaching implications both with regard to socio-economic and environmental well-being of the society and within the context of sustainability science. For this reason, sustainable transportation is not only an important field of research within the academia but also an indispensable constituent of a sustainable economy. Therefore, investigating the path to sustainable transportation requires a holistic approach, encompassing the three dimensions of sustainability, i.e. environment, society, and economy. There are …


Techno-Economic Analyses Of Large-Scale Electric Vehicle Systems, Florida Solar Energy Center, Zhihua Qu Jun 2017

Techno-Economic Analyses Of Large-Scale Electric Vehicle Systems, Florida Solar Energy Center, Zhihua Qu

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This project developed the process, methodology and algorithms for computer models to evaluate the techno-economic implications of a large-scale electrified transportation sector. The model factors include developing and interacting with a network of electric vehicles and the electric grid, the infrastructure for electric vehicle charging, integrating the transportation and power systems into the urban setting, studying the impact of distributed energy storage and determining the economic impact of increased renewable energy and EVs on the electricity grid and its stability. The modeling related project results are presented in five journal articles and two conference papers. In this final report, the …


Optimal Charging Scheduler For Electric Vehicles On The Florida Turnpike, Florida Solar Energy Center, Zhihua Qu Jun 2017

Optimal Charging Scheduler For Electric Vehicles On The Florida Turnpike, Florida Solar Energy Center, Zhihua Qu

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This project developed a methodology to simulate and analyze roadway traffic patterns and expected penetration and timing of electric vehicles (EVs) with application directed toward the requirements for electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) siting and purchasing/leasing at turnpike plazas. The project also developed a wireless-communication-based driver-assistance application that would optimize the location and timing of charging for individual drivers as well as efficiency of the overall charging network. The first steps of the project were to develop the systematic methodology for analyzing expected penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and their impacts on the overall transportation infrastructure. An analytical model consisting …