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Articles 751 - 780 of 1342
Full-Text Articles in Mechanical Engineering
A Method For Exploring Optimization Formulation Space In Conceptual Design, Shane Keawe Curtis
A Method For Exploring Optimization Formulation Space In Conceptual Design, Shane Keawe Curtis
Theses and Dissertations
Formulation space exploration is a new strategy for multiobjective optimization that facilitates both divergent searching and convergent optimization during the early stages of design. The formulation space is the union of all variable and design objective spaces identified by the designer as being valid and pragmatic problem formulations. By extending a computational search into the formulation space, the solution to an optimization problem is no longer predefined by any single problem formulation, as it is with traditional optimization methods. Instead, a designer is free to change, modify, and update design objectives, variables, and constraints and explore design alternatives without requiring …
Relative Navigation And Control Of A Hexacopter, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Robert C. Leishman, John Macdonald
Relative Navigation And Control Of A Hexacopter, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Robert C. Leishman, John Macdonald
Faculty Publications
This paper discusses the progress made on developing a multi-rotor helicopter equipped with a vision-based ability to navigate through an a priori unknown, GPS-denied environment. We highlight the backbone of our system, the relative estimation and control. We depart from the common practice of using a globally referenced map, preferring instead to keep the position and yaw states in the EKF relative to the current map node. This relative navigation approach allows simple application of sensor updates, natural characterization of the transformation between map nodes, and the potential to generate a globally consistent map when desired. The EKF fuses view …
The Application Of Origami To The Design Of Lamina Emergent Mechanisms (Lems) With Extensions To Collapsible, Compliant And Flat-Folding Mechanisms, Holly Greenberg
The Application Of Origami To The Design Of Lamina Emergent Mechanisms (Lems) With Extensions To Collapsible, Compliant And Flat-Folding Mechanisms, Holly Greenberg
Theses and Dissertations
Lamina emergent mechanisms (LEMs) are a subset of compliant mechanisms which are fabricated from planar materials; use compliance, or flexibility of the material, to transfer energy; and have motion that emerges out of the fabrication plane. LEMs provide potential design advantages by reducing the number of parts, reducing cost, reducing weight, improving recyclability, increasing precision, and eliminating assembly, to name a few. However, there are inherent design and modeling challenges including complexities in large, non-linear deflections, singularities that exist when leaving the planar state, and the coupling of material properties and geometry in predicting mechanism behavior. This thesis examines the …
Evaluation And Development Of Actuators For Lamina Emergent Mechanisms With Emphasis On Flat Solenoids, Justin Durant Black
Evaluation And Development Of Actuators For Lamina Emergent Mechanisms With Emphasis On Flat Solenoids, Justin Durant Black
Theses and Dissertations
Lamina emergent mechanisms (LEMs) can provide a way to meet the demand for more compact and inexpensive mechanisms. Previous research has developed LEM designs and identified applications for them, but many applications would benefit from suitable actuation techniques. This thesis presents the design considerations and a variety of applicable methods for internal and external LEM actuation in the macro scale. Integrated LEM actuator possibilities have been identified, each with its advantages and disadvantages depending on the application. Shape memory alloys are especially compatible with LEMs. Traditional actuators have also been discussed as a way of actuating a LEM from the …
Application Of Two-Color Pyrometry To Characterize The Two-Dimensional Temperature And Emissivity Of Pulverized-Coal Oxy-Flames, Teri Snow Draper
Application Of Two-Color Pyrometry To Characterize The Two-Dimensional Temperature And Emissivity Of Pulverized-Coal Oxy-Flames, Teri Snow Draper
Theses and Dissertations
Oxy-combustion is a developing technology that enables carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. Flame temperature and emissivity data were taken on a 150 kWth, pulverized-coal, burner flow reactor (BFR) that has been modified to run oxy-combustion with pure CO2 as simulated recycled flue gas. Data were taken at 78 conditions in which three parameters were varied, namely: the swirl angle of the fuel stream, the location of the oxidizer as it exited the burner, and the flow rate of diluent (pure CO2) added to the outer, secondary stream. At each condition, digital color images were obtained using a calibrated RGB camera. The …
Cavitation Of A Water Jet In Water, Michael Marshall Wright
Cavitation Of A Water Jet In Water, Michael Marshall Wright
Theses and Dissertations
Cavitation is a phenomenon that occurs in liquids when the pressure drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid. Previous research has verified that cavitation bubble collapse is a dynamic and destructive process. An understanding of the behavior of cavitation is necessary to implement this destructive mechanism from an axisymmetric jet for underwater material removal. This work investigates the influence of jet pressure and nozzle diameter on the behavior of a cloud of cavitation bubbles generated by a submerged high-pressure water jet. First, this investigation is put into context with a condensed historical background of cavitation research. Second, a description …
An Investigation Of The Ward Leonard System For Use In A Hybrid Or Electric Passenger Vehicle, Cody L. Telford
An Investigation Of The Ward Leonard System For Use In A Hybrid Or Electric Passenger Vehicle, Cody L. Telford
Theses and Dissertations
Since the early 1900's demand for fuel efficient vehicles has motivated the development of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Unfortunately, some components used in these vehicles are expensive and complex. Today's consumer electric vehicles use dangerously high voltage,expensive electronic controllers, complex battery management systems and AC motors. The goal of this research at BYU is to increase safety by lowering the operating voltage and decrease cost by eliminating expensive controllers and decrease the number of battery cells. This paper specifically examines the use of a Ward Leonard Motor Control system for use in a passenger vehicle. The theory of the …
Application Of Parametric Nurbs Geometry To Mode Shape Identification And The Modal Assurance Criterion, Evan D. Selin
Application Of Parametric Nurbs Geometry To Mode Shape Identification And The Modal Assurance Criterion, Evan D. Selin
Theses and Dissertations
The dynamic characteristics of a part are highly dependent on geometric and material properties of the part. The identification and tracking of vibrational mode shapes within an iterative design process becomes difficult and time consuming due to the frequently changing part definition. Currently, visual inspection of analysis results is used as the means to identify the shape of each vibrational mode determined by the modal analysis. This thesis investigates the automation of the mode shape identification process through the use of parametric geometry and the Modal Assurance Criterion. Displacement results from finite element modal analysis are used to create parametric …
Method For The Simulated Layup Of Composite Fabrics, David M. Christensen
Method For The Simulated Layup Of Composite Fabrics, David M. Christensen
Theses and Dissertations
Due to the complexity of designing advanced composite parts, many software tools have been developed to aid the designer and reduce design cycle time. Draping is one of those tools and is used to predict the fiber angles throughout the part. This application of draping is to simulate the actual hand layup process that a technician would go through while creating a multi-layered laminate composite part. This method is the first to use plies as an underlying surface for draping instead of just using an offset mold surface. This method can visualize full 3D ply geometry taking into account the …
Aircraft Route Optimization For Heterogeneous Formation Flight, Jia Xu, Andrew Ning, Geoffrey Bower, Ilan Kroo
Aircraft Route Optimization For Heterogeneous Formation Flight, Jia Xu, Andrew Ning, Geoffrey Bower, Ilan Kroo
Faculty Publications
We examine the value of extended formation flight in the context of airline operations. The study is based on a bi-level route optimization framework. The aircraft performance model includes the effects of rolled-up wakes, formation heterogeneity, and formation-induced compressibility effects. We incorporate airline economics to understand the trade-off between speed and drag savings in the context of formation flight. The application of formation flight to a representative South African Airlines (SAA) long-haul route network can reduce fuel burn by over 4.6% or reduce direct operating cost by 2.1%. The savings increase to 6.8% in fuel or 2.4% in cost when …
Estimated Instability And Breaking Of Internal Waves Due To Time-Dependent Shear, Leonardo A. Latorre
Estimated Instability And Breaking Of Internal Waves Due To Time-Dependent Shear, Leonardo A. Latorre
Theses and Dissertations
The effects of propagation of a short internal gravity wave through an inertia wave on internal wave stability is analyzed and parameterized. The interactions are specifically between a short wave packet and a large inertia wave packet. The short wave packet is a wave bounded with a Gaussian envelope with high frequencies and scales in the hundreds of meters horizontally and tens of meters vertically. The inertia wave packet is also an enveloped wave but with frequencies close to the rotation of the earth and scales in the thousands of meters in the horizontal and hundreds of meters in the …
Numerical Investigation Of Internal Wave-Vortex Dipole Interactions, Tyler D. Blackhurst
Numerical Investigation Of Internal Wave-Vortex Dipole Interactions, Tyler D. Blackhurst
Theses and Dissertations
Three-dimensional linear ray theory is used to investigate internal waves interacting with a Lamb-Chaplygin pancake vortex dipole. These interactions involve waves propagating in the same (co-propagating) and opposite (counter-propagating) horizontal directions as the dipole translation. Co-propagating internal waves in the vertical symmetry plane between the vortices of the dipole can approach critical levels where the wave energy is absorbed by the dipole or where the waves are overturned and possibly break. As wave breaking cannot be simulated with this linear model, changes in wave steepness are calculated to aid in estimating the onset of breaking. Counter-propagating internal waves in the …
Buckling Failure Boundary For Cylindrical Tubes In Pure Bending, Daniel Peter Miller
Buckling Failure Boundary For Cylindrical Tubes In Pure Bending, Daniel Peter Miller
Theses and Dissertations
Bending of thin-walled tubing to a prescribed bend radius is typically performed by bending it around a mandrel of the desired bend radius, corrected for spring back. By eliminating the mandrel, costly setup time would be reduced, permitting multiple change of radius during a production run, and even intermixing different products on the same line. The principal challenge is to avoid buckling, as the mandrel and shoe are generally shaped to enclose the tube while bending. Without the shaped mandrel, buckling will likely occur sooner, that is, at larger bend radii. A test apparatus has been built for arborless bending. …
Application Of High Resolution Electron Backscatter Diffraction(Hr-Ebsd) Techniques To Twinning Deformation Mechanism In Az31 Magnesium Alloy, Ali Khosravani
Application Of High Resolution Electron Backscatter Diffraction(Hr-Ebsd) Techniques To Twinning Deformation Mechanism In Az31 Magnesium Alloy, Ali Khosravani
Theses and Dissertations
The application of high resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) techniques has been used in order to study the evolution of geometrically necessary dislocation (GND). The tested materials were taken from AZ31 magnesium sheet which had strong basal texture. Because of low symmetry of the magnesium crystal lattice, the von Mises criteria cannot be satisfied by the three independent, easily activated, basal slips. The strain along the c-axis of the crystal must be accommodated by either twinning and/or slip systems. HR-EBSD data was taken in order to investigate these phenomena. The HR-EBSD results were post processed in order to resolve total …
Failure Mechanisms And Texture Evolution Of Wrought Az31b Magnesium At Temperatures Ranging From 25 C To 125 C, Jonathan Michael Scott
Failure Mechanisms And Texture Evolution Of Wrought Az31b Magnesium At Temperatures Ranging From 25 C To 125 C, Jonathan Michael Scott
Theses and Dissertations
Failure mechanisms were studied in wrought AZ31B magnesium alloy under different strain paths and various temperatures. Optical micrographs were used to observe the formation of shear bands and regions of high twin density in samples strained under uniaxial, biaxial and plane strain conditions. Interrupted testing at 4% effective strain increments until failure was used to observe the evolution of the microstructure. Results showed that shear bands with a high percentage of twinned grains appeared early in the samples strained under biaxial or plane strain tension. These bands are similar to the failure region in uniaxial tension specimens. A forming limit …
A Methodology For Strategically Designing Physical Products That Are Naturally Resistant To Reverse Engineering, Stephen P. Harston
A Methodology For Strategically Designing Physical Products That Are Naturally Resistant To Reverse Engineering, Stephen P. Harston
Theses and Dissertations
Reverse engineering - defined as extracting information about a product from the product itself - is a design tactic commonly used in industry from competitive benchmarking to product imitation. While reverse engineering is a legitimate practice - as long as the product was legally obtained - innovative products are often reverse engineered at the expense of the pioneering company. However, by designing products with built-in barriers to reverse engineering, competitors are no longer able to effectively extract critical information from the product of interest. Enabling the quantification of barriers to reverse engineering, this dissertation presents a set of metrics and …
High Speed Friction Stir Spot Welding On Dp 980 Steel:Joint Properties And Tool Wear, Nathan David Saunders
High Speed Friction Stir Spot Welding On Dp 980 Steel:Joint Properties And Tool Wear, Nathan David Saunders
Theses and Dissertations
With the desire to improve passenger safety and fuel efficiency, Ultra High Strength Steels (UHSS) have been developed for use in the automotive industry. UHSS are high strength steels with high ductility and strength. DP 980 is one of these UHSS being applied in automobile manufacturing. DP 980 is difficult to join with Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) because of the high carbon content and alloying in this material. The weld becomes brittle when it solidifies during the welding process. With the desire and motivation of widely using UHSS, new welding processes are needed to be developed in order to effectively …
Application Of Subjective Logic To Vortex Core Line Extraction And Tracking From Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations, Ryan Phillip Shaw
Application Of Subjective Logic To Vortex Core Line Extraction And Tracking From Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations, Ryan Phillip Shaw
Theses and Dissertations
Presented here is a novel tool to extract and track believable vortex core lines from unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics data sets using multiple feature extraction algorithms. Existing work explored the possibility of extracting features concurrent with a running simulation using intelligent software agents, combining multiple algorithms' capabilities using subjective logic. This work modifies the steady-state approach to work with unsteady fluid dynamics and is designed to work within the Concurrent Agent-enabled Feature Extraction concept. Each agent's belief tuple is quantified using a predefined set of information. The information and functions necessary to set each component in each agent's belief tuple …
Mathematical Framework For Early System Design Validation Using Multidisciplinary System Models, Bradley Jared Larson
Mathematical Framework For Early System Design Validation Using Multidisciplinary System Models, Bradley Jared Larson
Theses and Dissertations
A significant challenge in the design of multidisciplinary systems (e.g., airplanes, robots, cell phones) is to predict the effects of design decisions at the time these decisions are being made early in the design process. These predictions are used to choose among design options and to validate design decisions. System behavioral models, which predict a system's response to stimulus, provide an analytical method for evaluating a system's behavior. Because multidisciplinary systems contain many different types of components that have diverse interactions, system behavioral models are difficult to develop early in system design and are challenging to maintain as designs are …
Investigation And Implementation Of A Robust Temperature Control Algorithm For Friction Stir Welding, Kenneth A. Ross
Investigation And Implementation Of A Robust Temperature Control Algorithm For Friction Stir Welding, Kenneth A. Ross
Theses and Dissertations
In friction stir welding, the temperature of the process zone affects the properties of the resulting weld and has a dramatic effect on tool life in PCBN (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) tools. Therefore an active control system that changes process parameters to control weld temperature is desirable. Mayfield and Sorensen proposed a two-stage control model that contains an inner loop that controls the spindle speed to keep power constant and an outer loop for setting the desired power based on weld temperature. This work contains the analysis and implementation of a temperature control method based on their work. This research …
Integration Of Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games Client-Server Architectures With Collaborative Multi-User Engineering Cax Tools, Joshua D. Winn
Integration Of Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games Client-Server Architectures With Collaborative Multi-User Engineering Cax Tools, Joshua D. Winn
Theses and Dissertations
This research presents a new method for integrating client server architectures that are used for the development of Massive Online Role Playing Games (MMORPG) into multi-user engineering software tools. The new method creates a new architecture named CAx Connect by changing the client-pull-server communication pipeline to a server-push-client communication pipeline, effectively reducing the amount of bandwidth consumed and allowing these tools to utilize multiple server processors for complex calculations. This method was used on the new NX Connect multi-user CAx prototype developed at BYU. The new method provides a road map to further implement this architecture and its services into …
The Influence Of Nozzle Spacing And Diameter On The Acoustic Emissions Of Closely Spaced Supersonic Jet Arrays, Ian S. Coltrin
The Influence Of Nozzle Spacing And Diameter On The Acoustic Emissions Of Closely Spaced Supersonic Jet Arrays, Ian S. Coltrin
Theses and Dissertations
The acoustic emissions from supersonic jets represent an area of significant research needs; not only in the field of aero-acoustics, but in industry as well where high pressure let down processes have been known to cause acoustically induced vibrations. A common method to reduce the acoustic emissions of such processes involves dividing the single larger supersonic flow into several smaller ones. Though this is common practice, there is not yet a current model which describes the reduction of acoustic emissions from an array of smaller supersonic jets. Current research which studies supersonic jet arrays are mainly focused on the effects …
Characterization And Biomechanical Analysis Of The Human Lumbar Spine With In Vitro Testing Conditions, Dean K. Stolworthy
Characterization And Biomechanical Analysis Of The Human Lumbar Spine With In Vitro Testing Conditions, Dean K. Stolworthy
Theses and Dissertations
Biomechanical testing of cadaveric spinal segments forms the basis for our current understanding of healthy, pathological, and surgically treated spinal function. Over the past 40 years there has been a substantial amount of data published based on a spinal biomechanical testing regimen known as the flexibility method. This data has provided valuable clinical insights that have shaped our understanding of low back pain and its treatments. Virtually all previous lumbar spinal flexibility testing has been performed at room temperature, under very low motion rates, without the presence of a compressive follower-load to simulate upper body weight and the action of …
Biomechanical Implications Of Lumbar Spinal Ligament Transectiona Finite Element Study, Gregory Allen Von Forell
Biomechanical Implications Of Lumbar Spinal Ligament Transectiona Finite Element Study, Gregory Allen Von Forell
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this work was to determine the possible effects of isolated spinal ligament transection on the biomechanics of the lumbar spine. A finite element model of a lumbar spine was developed and validated against experimental data. The model was tested in the primary modes of spinal motion in the intact condition, followed by comparative analysis of isolated removal of each spinal ligament. Results showed that stress increased in the remaining ligaments once a ligament was removed, potentially leading to ligament damage. Results also showed changes in bone remodeling "stimulus" which could lead to changes in bone density. Isolated …
A Material System For Reliable Low Voltage Anodic Electrowetting, Mehdi Khodayari, Jose Carballo, Nathan B. Crane
A Material System For Reliable Low Voltage Anodic Electrowetting, Mehdi Khodayari, Jose Carballo, Nathan B. Crane
Faculty Publications
Electrowetting on dielectric is demonstrated with a thin spin-coated fluoropolymer over an aluminum electrode. Previous efforts to use thin spin-coated dielectric layers for electrowetting have shown limited success due to defects in the layers. However, when used with a citric acid electrolyte and anodic voltages, repeatable droplet actuation is achieved for 5000 cycles with an actuation of just 10 V. This offers the potential for low voltage electrowetting systems that can be manufactured with a simple low-cost process.
Fluidic Assembly At The Microscale: Progress And Prospects, Nathan B. Crane, Onursal Onen, Jose Carballo, Qi Ni, Rasim Guldiken
Fluidic Assembly At The Microscale: Progress And Prospects, Nathan B. Crane, Onursal Onen, Jose Carballo, Qi Ni, Rasim Guldiken
Faculty Publications
Assembly permits the integration of different materials and manufacturing processes to increase system functionality. It is an essential step in the fabrication of useful systems across size scales from buildings to molecules. However, at the microscale, traditional “grasp and release” assembly methods and chemically inspired self-assembly processes are less effective due to many scaling effects. Many methods have been developed for improving microscale assembly. Often these methods include fluidic forces or the use a fluidic medium in order to enhance their performance. This paper reviews basic assembly theory and modeling methods. Three basic assembly strategies (tool-directed, process-directed, and part-directed) are …
Ballistic Imaging Of Sprays At Diesel Relevant Conditions, Jason M. Porter, S. P. Duran, T. E. Parker
Ballistic Imaging Of Sprays At Diesel Relevant Conditions, Jason M. Porter, S. P. Duran, T. E. Parker
Faculty Publications
Diesel engines are an important aspect of our transportation infrastructure, whose performance is greatly affected by the characteristics of the spray from their injectors. Characterization of the injector’s spray is therefore tantamount to clean-running efficient diesel motors. In this study, a ~15 ps pulsed Leopard D-10 laser is used along with an optical Kerr Cell to realize ballistic images of high-delivery-pressure dodecane sprays injected into a quiescent air environment at elevated temperature and pressure. Using CS2 as the Kerr switching media and by optimizing the overlap of the gate and imaging beams, an effective high speed shuttering effect is obtained. …
A Comparative Evaluation Of An Educational Program Designed To Enable Mechanical Engineering Students To Develop Global Competence, Aaron Gerald Ball
A Comparative Evaluation Of An Educational Program Designed To Enable Mechanical Engineering Students To Develop Global Competence, Aaron Gerald Ball
Theses and Dissertations
The 'flattening of the world', using Thomas Friedman's phraseology, is driving corporations to increasingly use collaborative engineering processes and global teams to operate on a global scale. Globalization of the traditional university engineering curriculum is necessary to help students prepare to work in a global environment. More scalable and economically sustainable program types are needed to enable the majority of students to obtain a globalized education. The purpose of this research was to determine how effectively a global team- and project-based computer aided engineering course provided learning opportunities that enabled students to develop elements of global competence in comparison to …
Detail Extraction From Electron Backscatter Diffraction Patterns, John A. Basinger
Detail Extraction From Electron Backscatter Diffraction Patterns, John A. Basinger
Theses and Dissertations
Cross-correlation based analysis of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns and the use of simulated reference patterns has opened up entirely new avenues of insight into local lattice properties within EBSD scans. The benefits of accessing new levels of orientation resolution and multiple types of previously inaccessible data measures are accompanied with new challenges in characterizing microscope geometry and other error previously ignored in EBSD systems. The foremost of these challenges, when using simulated patterns in high resolution EBSD (HR-EBSD), is the determination of pattern center (the location on the sample from which the EBSD pattern originated) with sufficient accuracy to …
Model Decomposition And Constraints To Parametrically Partition Design Space In A Collaborative Cax Environment, Felicia Diane Marshall
Model Decomposition And Constraints To Parametrically Partition Design Space In A Collaborative Cax Environment, Felicia Diane Marshall
Theses and Dissertations
An industry survey was conducted to collect information on current collaboration methods and project management and communication structures. The results, along with other design collaboration philosophies, were used to develop a method of coordinating users in a multi-user design space. These thesis methods will regulate collaboration and avoid user collisions in the same model space, either by cooperative interaction or by spatial decomposition with regional blocking. The method partitions the design space by integrating a graphical user interface tool into the engineering application used to define and assign the necessary tasks of the project. A simple implementation of this method …