Other Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

A Basic Review Of Design And Material Selection For Shovel’S Body, Anggi Buana, Winarto Winarto

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Manual shovels still play an important role in construction and agricultural work, selecting the right material is crucial to obtain a shovel body that has structural reliability, ergonomic efficiency, and sustainability. In this study, a method for selecting the most suitable material will be discussed by combining functional analysis (Ashby's material performance index, and the Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach). From the figure of load, material index is formulated as a reference for performance property requirements. Using data from analysis software and qualitative data, eight performance criteria such as durability, corrosion resistance, cost, and environmental impact are then weighted using the …

Lafe0.925ti0.075o3 Perovskite Coated With Ethyl Cellulose: A High-Stability, Low-Hysteresis Platform For Advanced Humidity Sensing, Akhmad Futukhillah Fataba Alaih, Djoko Triyono, Rifqi Almusawi Rafsanjani

Makara Journal of Science

Humidity sensors are pivotal in numerous sectors, such as environmental monitoring, industrial automation, and health-care. This study presents the fabrication and detailed evaluation of an advanced humidity sensor using ethyl cellulose (EC)-coated LaFe_0.925Ti_0.075O₃ (LFTO) perovskite nanoparticles synthesized via the sol-gel method. The LFTO nanopar-ticles exhibited a mesoporous structure with an enhanced surface area, which significantly improved their moisture adsorption capabilities. The innovative application of EC coating addresses critical substrate adhesion issues, enhancing mechanical stability without compromising sensor sensitivity. Comprehensive performance evaluations revealed minimal hysteresis (

Temperature And Environmental Implications On Ti3c2cl2 Mxene Degradation Process, Yang Yang

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

MXenes, a rapidly emerging class of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, have attracted considerable attention owing to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. However, the inherent thinness of their atomic structure and the reactivity of their functional groups render MXenes susceptible to environmental degradation, whereby the lattice integrity is compromised and desirable material functionalities are dimin- ished. In this work, ex situ electron microscopy characterisation is performed on Ti₃C₂Cl₂ MXene specimens subjected to controlled gas environments — nitrogen gas (N₂) and air — at annealing temperatures of 200°C and 600°C, with …

A Sustainable Approach To Tensile Property Enhancement In Sand Casting Via Metal Chip–Sand Composite Molds, Maaruf Isyaku, Danjuma Saleh Yawas, Mathew Olatunde Afolayan, Terva Ause

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

The present work focuses on the study of the effect of adding different weight percentages and particle sizes of various metal chips to foundry sand on the tensile strength of aluminum alloy castings, utilizing Taguchi's optimization methodology and regression analysis. Characterization techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetry, and SEM were also used. The XRF analysis identified aluminum (76.61%), silicon (17.49%), and magnesium (1.28%) as the major elements in the aluminum alloy engine block. For the foundry sand, silicon (89.51%), phosphorus (7.41%), and potassium (1.7%) were found. In contrast, the major constituents in cast iron included iron (88.3%), carbon (3.7%), …

An Overview Of Biomass-Derived Graphene Oxide And Its Characteristics For Future Sustainable Applications, Afif Wardana, Ahmad Nabil Shahab, Donanta Dhaneswara, Nofrijon Sofyan

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

The production of graphene oxide (GO) from biomass presents considerable promise as a sustainable alternative substitute for traditional semiconductors. Biomass waste, abundant and often underutilized worldwide, is distinguished by its high carbon content and regenerative characteristics, rendering it an optimal resource for sustainable material production. By heating its biopolymers, lignocellulosic biomass can be used as a new material to make graphene, which forms three-dimensional turbostratic crystallites. These crystallites, composed of partially defective aromatic carbon sheets with graphite-like characteristics, make it easier to create GO with specialized functions for cutting-edge applications. Its capability underscores the revolutionary potential of biomass waste in …

Production Of Rare Earth Elements By Molten-Salt Electrolysis, Mohammed Moro

Graduate Theses & Non-Theses

Rare earth elements (REEs) are indispensable, high-value resources that play a crucial role in renewable energy, defense systems and advanced technological systems. REEs are commonly extracted from natural ores or recycled materials such as permanent magnets using hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical techniques. In hydrometallurgy, the REE source is leached with acid, followed by solvent extraction and precipitation steps to obtain rare earth compounds like oxides and fluorides. Pyrometallurgy involves dissolving rare earth compounds in a molten halide bath, followed by high-temperature electrolysis to convert them into metals, which are then recovered at the cathode. This process typically includes melting, refining, and …

Hydrogen Embrittlement In Shot-Peened Steel, Jia-Huei Tien, David R. Johnson, David Bahr

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

This work investigates the role of shot peening on hydrogen embrittlement resistance in quenched and tempered 1070 steel. Thermal desorption spectroscopy results revealed that shot-peened specimens contained nearly twice the hydrogen (H) content of unpeened samples when charged under the same electrochemical conditions, suggesting the introduction of additional trapping sites occur during peening. The mechanism underlying this behavior can be associated with increased dislocation density and is more consistent with the HELP mechanism. Residual stress measurements show a significant relaxation of compressive stresses in shot-peened specimen after H charging, indicating H enhanced dislocation rearrangement. Both unpeened and peened specimens exhibited …

A Study Of Wear Measurement And Life Prediction Of Insert Chute Liner On Gold Ore Processing, Ferry Ardika Natanael, Nony Maulidya, Dedi Priadi

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Chutes are critical materials handling assets to transport solid particles from one process step to another in mineral processing, coal mining and cement industries. The material transport, because of material characteristics, cause severe wear on internal lining of chutes or bins’ structure. The wear problem on internal lining of bins or chutes needs to be checked to keep production efficiency. Therefore, not checked wear rate causes liner replacement schedule becomes unpredictable. It leads to production loss and highly cost maintenance in industry. This study shows that condition-based maintenance through regular thickness measurement using Ultrasonic Transducer (UT) to predict life service …

Correlation Between Microstructure And Hardfacing Properties With Welding Current Intensity In Reconditioned Low-Alloy Steel Material Using Submerged Arc Welding (Saw) : A Comprehensive Review, Iman Nugraha Asmara, Winarto Winarto

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

This review studying the correlation between microstructural transformations and mechanical properties in reconditioned low-allow steel material, focusing on the impact of Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) parameters, especially current, on microstructure . The study highlights how variation on welding parameters, especially current intensity variation, affecting microstructural transformations, hardness, and wear resistance of hardfaced layers. Key aspects such as dilution effect, phases distribution, and carbide formation are reviewed to understanding their impact on mechanical properties. By reviewing insights from existing literature and experimental findings, this review underscores the role of Submerged Arc Welding in enhancing mechanical properties and microstructural of low-alloy steel …

Crevice Corrosion Mechanisms Of Cocrmo Alloys In Orthopedic Implants: Retrieval Analysis, Nano-Tribocorrosion And Cellular Responses, Hwaran Lee

All Dissertations

Mechanically assisted corrosion and non-mechanically (chemically) driven corrosion in modular junctions of orthopedic implants using cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys remain clinical concerns and may contribute to implant failure. The underlying corrosion mechanisms are not yet fully understood, leaving a critical research gap. We hypothesized that corrosion in modular junctions may be driven by aggressive local environments, including fretting, metal ion release (cobalt ion, Co²⁺), low pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This dissertation aims to (1) analyze corrosion modes and potential causes in modular junctions; (2) identify chemically driven corrosion modes on CoCrMo alloys using simulated inflammatory modular taper …

Shape Memory Behavior In Medium To High Entropy Shape Memory Alloys: Design, Prediction, And Experimental Analysis, Hatim Raji

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation provides a data-driven system integrating synthetic data generation and machine learning (ML) techniques to create multicomponent SMA compositions with specific transformation temperatures (TTs). Models were trained to represent the nonlinear dependencies influencing martensitic transformation behavior by using elemental, thermodynamic, and process-related aspects. The capacity of the ML models on medium entropy NiTiHfPd and high entropy NiTiHfZrCu systems accuracy was confirmed by experimental validation showing TTs closely matched with model outputs.

Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt Welding And Straight Tube Butt Welding Analysis Of Boiler Grade Tube Joints, Santhosh Kumar S

Theses and Dissertations

Boiler-graded tubes of T11, T12, T91, and T92 materials with a thickness of 4.5 mm thick and 44.5 mm outer diameter were selected for the Straight Tube Butt Welding process using Hot Wire (STBW-HW) and Cold Wire (STBW-CW) conditions. Moreover, the research investigates and compares the welding characteristics of dissimilar T11 and T91 boiler-graded tubes using STBW - HW & Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) welding techniques. Similar and dissimilar welding was performed in STBW – HW & CW conditions.

In dissimilar welding, the tensile strength was higher in the T11-T91 STBWHW joints of 663 MPa than in the T12-T92 …

Fatigue Behaviour Of Al 6063 Alloy In Heat Treated, Deep Cryogenic Treated And Equal Channel Angular Pressing (Ecap) Processed Conditions, Sreearravind M

Theses and Dissertations

This research focuses on improving the Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) life of Al6063 using three different processing techniques – Heat Treatment (HT), Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT), and Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). Al 6063, widely used in structural applications, has limited fatigue performance, necessitating the exploration of advanced processing techniques to enhance its LCF life.

In HT phase, Al 6063 T5 samples were subjected to solid solution HT followed by air and water quenching. The air-quenched (T6A) and water-quenched (T6W) samples were subjected to precipitation hardening. The Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of the T6A sample increased to 188 MPa from …

Microwave-Assisted Reduction Of Critical Metal Oxides From E-Waste Mixture, Kurundu Shavinka Jayasekera

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The efficient recovery of critical metals such as tantalum (Ta), manganese (Mn), gallium (Ga), and indium (In) from electronic waste (e-waste) is essential for resource sustainability and environmental protection. This research uses microwave-assisted treatment to investigate the carbothermal reduction of these four specific metals from their oxides in a simulated e-waste mixture, with carbon black serving as both a microwave coupling and reduction agent. Microwave processing is used specifically because it offers a rapid and energy-efficient alternative to conventional thermal methods, with the benefits of intrinsic heating and selective heating of materials. The first experiments centered on understanding the effects …

Combinatorial Thin Film Approach To Accelerate Materials Discovery: Development Of Nanoporous And Bulk Multi-Principal Element Alloys, Tibra Das Gupta

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) have garnered significant attention in materials science due to their potential for exhibiting a combination of desirable properties stemming from their unique configurational entropy. While early research focused on equiatomic compositions, recent studies have indicated that non-equiatomic MPEAs may offer superior mechanical performance. However, the identification of optimal non-equiatomic compositions remains challenging due to the vast compositional space and the reliance on time-consuming and computationally expensive methods. This dissertation presents a combinatorial thin film approach as a rapid and efficient strategy for discovering two types of materials: nanoporous and bulk MPEAs.

The first study explores the …

Pulsed Arc Additive Manufacturing Of A Functionally Graded Er2209 Duplex Stainless Steel And Hsla-100 Structure: Morphology, Characterization, And Mechanical Performance, Stevens G. Hill Jr

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Wire arc additive manufacturing is a process well suited to the efficient production of large structures. Duplex stainless steel exhibits high corrosion resistance and good strength which can be highly beneficial for industrial use. However, its use is limited due to its cost and complexity in controlling microstructure to achieve desired properties. In many cases, it can be highly beneficial to manufacture a component which uses specialty steel grades such as duplex stainless steel only where necessary, and utilizes more affordable, commonly available steels for reinforcement or bulk structural support. A functionally graded material satisfies these requirements by providing a …

Effect Of Impurities In Supercritical Co2 Environment On Steel Corrosion Behavior – An Overview, Shilla Rizqi Widianto, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono, Rini Riastuti, Badrul Munir

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is one of the available technologies to reduce presence of greenhouse gasses. Implementation of CCUS technology strongly relates with the CO₂ transportation from the capturing facility to the storage in the geological reservoir. The most economical method for large-scale and long-distance CO₂ transportation is using pipeline in supercritical phase. Moreover, presence of impurities such as water, O₂, SO₂, H₂S, NO₂ may cause detrimental effect towards carbon steel pipeline. This paper intends to provide an initial information for supercritical CO₂ pipeline material selection, which …

Hollow Connecting Rod Thin Wall Austempered Ductile Iron (Twadi) For Manufacturing Light Weight Components, Ricardina Freitas Da Silva, Bambang Suharno, Rianti Dewi Sulamet-Ariobimo

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Efforts made by the automotive industry to reduce energy consumption have encouraged researchers to carry out various studies. One way is to make components lighter by casting thin wall austempered ductile iron (TWADI). Reducing the weight of components such as connecting rods (conrod) will result in lower energy consumption, but provided that these components still meet standards in terms of mechanical properties and microstructure or even exceed them. In this research, design optimization was applied to conrod by making the area I-beam zero mm (hollow), with hope that it can replace conrod Vespa PX-150. While the manufacturing process is divided …

Analysis Risk Based Inspection Api 581 On Lpg Spherical Tank At Pt. Xyz, Sigit Trahmawan, Eddy Sumarno Siradj, Jaka Fajar Fatriansyah

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Liquified petroleum gas (LPG) spherical tanks are pressure vessel equipment for storing fuel gas products. The high pressure along with the fuel gas inside as flammable and combustible substance means that this equipment might result major accident hazard such as explosion, fires and environmental pollution. This study is aimed calculated and mitigate risk on 500 metric ton capacity LPG spherical tank using Risk-based inspection (RBI) analysis method that makes risk as its foundation. This RBI method uses quantitative analysis referring to API 581 to determine the risk of LPG Spherical Tank by determining the probability of failure (PoF) and the …

Mechanical Characterization And Evaluation Of Additively Manufactured Titanium 5v-5mo-5al-3cr Alloy, Zachary Casias

Mechanical Engineering ETDs

Ti-5V-5Mo-5Al-3Cr (Ti-5553) is a near beta titanium alloy commonly used in aerospace applications. It is currently being explored for additive manufacturing (AM), but the fatigue behavior of this AM alloy needs to be well-understood for adoption in aerospace applications. The present work examines the tensile and fatigue behavior of LPBF manufactured Ti-5553. The effect of post-print heat treatments, effects of surface roughness, and print defects on the mechanical properties of AM Ti-5553 were also evaluated. Fatigue lives of as-LPBF and BAA material are nearly identical, and both are far below the fatigue lives of conventionally manufactured Ti-5553 of 350 MPa. …

A Guide To Fifty Years Of Research At Montana Tech: Part 3-Decontamination Of Ratioactively Contaminated Steel By Melt Refining/Slagging Processing, Larry G. Twidwell, Samuel A. Worcester

Metallurgy

This presentation includes a discussion of the research conducted at Montana Tech in the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering. The discussion is focused on Decontamination of Radioactively Contaminated Steel by Melt Refining/Slagging. This presentation is based on the research of Master of Science graduate students, industrial and academic colleagues, at the Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology (which morphed to Montana Tech [1977], then to Montana Tech of The University of Montana [2000], then to Montana Technological University [2019]). The referenced work of each of the graduate students in this presentation is gratefully acknowledged. The following summary presentation …

Synthesis Of Ni-Based Intermetallics By Electrolytic Plasma Processing Of Ti And Ti-Based Alloys, Chuzhong Zhang

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

EPP is an innovative surface modification technique that enables the deposition of metal ions from the electrolyte and their integration with substrate atoms to form intermetallic compound surface layers. EPP offers advantages such as high deposition rates, environmental cleanliness, and operational simplicity. In this study, Ni-Ti intermetallic layers were successfully synthesized on a Ti-6Al-4V substrate using EPP. The properties of the resulting Ni-Ti intermetallic layers were characterized using SEM, EDS, XRD, TEM, nanoindentation, and tribology tests.

This work aims to understand the fabrication mechanism and investigate the effects of various processing parameters on the EPP process. Key factors such as …

Quantitative Modeling Of Micro Discharge And Oxide Growth In Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Of Titanium, Kingsley I. Ochiabuto

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has been extensively applied in the past to improve the tribological properties of titanium and its alloys allowing their widespread use in industrial applications. However, the complete PEO mechanism of action remains unclear. While there are several mathematical models providing useful insights into the PEO process, they do not fully incorporate the effect of applied potential on the outcomes of PEO. In this work, we develop an experimentally informed computational model by expanding on the dielectric breakdown model. We incorporate experimental data to extract key parameters, exploring the iterative dependency of the oxide thickness and ionic …

Advancing Combinatorial Screening Of Refractory High Entropy Alloys Through Intrinsic Ductility Assessment Via Thin Film Fragmentation Testing, Taohid Bin Nur Tuhser

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

High Entropy Alloys (HEAs), also known as Multiprincipal Element Alloys (MPEAs), represent a paradigm shift in alloy design. Unlike traditional practices that limit compositions to the edges of phase diagrams, HEAs exploit equiatomic mixing of five or more elements at the center of phase diagrams to maximize configurational entropy. This unconventional approach exponentially expands the spectrum of potential alloy compositions, rendering conventional experimental methods inadequate for exploring this extensive compositional space.

In response to these challenges, the scientific community has shown a growing interest in high-throughput techniques, encompassing both computational and experimental domains. Particularly, Refractory High Entropy Alloys (RHEAs) have …

Experimental Investigation Of Liquid Metal Embrittlement In Hot-Dip Galvanized Structural Steel, Amelia Mcnamee

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

This research investigated the liquid metal embrittlement (LME) of hot-dipped galvanized structural steel. The relationship between stress and failure time was analyzed to evaluate the potential presence of a critical stress threshold beyond which LME may occur. A testing apparatus to induce axial stress was designed and assembled in-house. A36 low carbon steel was tested in this study. Different deadweight loadings were applied to the testing sample along the axial direction. The test temperature was maintained by a programmable furnace while the sample gauge section was submerged in a molten zinc bath. Failure time and total displacement of the steel …

Thermomechanical Process Simulation And Quantification Of Nanoscale Precipitation Influencing Ductility And Strength During Alloy Processing, Alyssa Stubbers

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

Experimental process simulation and quantification of microstructure development during processing are challenging due to limitations with machinery temperature capability, inadequate resolution and sampling volume of currently available characterization techniques, and difficulty characterizing material microstructures as close to processing-relevant conditions as possible. This dissertation addresses how process simulation can be performed using Gleeble thermomechanical technologies and how microstructure development during these processing simulations can be quantified both in-situ and ex-situ.

The first portion of this dissertation demonstrates how Gleeble technologies can be applied to simulate complex material processing conditions in order to produce process-property profiles that can be used to inform …

Temperature Gradient Effect On Solid-Liqid Interface Properties Of Al-Cu Alloy: A Molecular Dynamics Study, Prashant Kumar Jha

All Theses

Aluminum-copper (Al-Cu) alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their favorable strength-to-weight ratio, good fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance. These properties make Al-Cu alloys an excellent choice for aircraft structural components that require high strength and low weight. Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has emerged as a promising processing method for Al-Cu alloys in aerospace manufacturing. AM enables the production of lightweight optimized geometries difficult to manufacture through conventional subtractive methods. AM also reduces material waste by only depositing material where needed in the part geometry. The rapid solidification conditions in AM processes motivate …

Corrosion Case Study On Pipeline, Kangze Ren

Corrosion Research

The Kashagan pipeline leaks were likely caused by sulfur stress corrosion cracking, a combined corrosion mechanism developed by the presence of high pressure, the high level of hydrogen sulfide(the main "ingredient" of sour gas), and poor metallurgical choice. Improper welding and poor metallurgical examination were blamed for causing the leaking issue. The purpose of the current review is to raise the alarm about the inappropriate corrosion management of Kashagan oil production and its societal and environmental consequences.

Machine Learning Prediction Of Hea Properties, Nicholas J. Beaver, Nathaniel Melisso, Travis Murphy

College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Program

High-entropy alloys (HEA) are a very new development in the field of metallurgical materials. They are made up of multiple principle atoms unlike traditional alloys, which contributes to their high configurational entropy. The microstructure and properties of HEAs are are not well predicted with the models developed for more common engineering alloys, and there is not enough data available on HEAs to fully represent the complex behavior of these alloys. To that end, we explore how the use of machine learning models can be used to model the complex, high dimensional behavior in the HEA composition space. Based on our …

Optimizing Mn-Al Permanent Magnet Performance Through Control Of The Phase Transformation, Ternary Element Addition, And Advanced Processing, Thomas R. Keller

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

The growing need for electrical power in machines and vehicles brings with it a growing need for critical materials. The current high-performance permanent magnets (PMs) based on rare-earth (RE) elements Nd and Sm cannot escape the problem of raw material cost, geographic scarcity in the earth’s crust, and lack of circular global supply chains. This poses a problem of industrial ecology: can PMs be made from inexpensive, more abundant materials while still meeting sufficient performance criteria? PMs based on the magnetic τ phase of Mn-Al offer a possible alternative to REPMs. However, years of innovation have not yet achieved real-world …