Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Comprehensive Inspection On The Experimental Ferritic Stainless Steel By Means Of Transmission Electron Microscopy And Neutron Diffraction Techniques, Parikin Parikin, Mohammad Dani, Riza Iskandar, Aziz Khan Jahja, Andon Insani, Joachim Mayer

Makara Journal of Technology

The field of physical metallurgy is one of the primary beacons that guide alloy developments for multipurpose materials such as the in-core structure materials for pressure vessel components and heat exchangers. The surface microstructure of new ferritic steel with significant local constituent materials was characterized by high resolution powder neutron diffractometer (HRPD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), combined with the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The alloy contains73% Fe, 24% Cr, 2% Si, 0.8% Mn, and 0.1% Ni, in %wt. The charge materials were melted by the casting techniques. The neutron diffractograms obtained shows five dominant diffraction peaks at (110), …

A New Synthesized Microalloys Steel Ods Of High Amplitude Ultrasonically Irradiation, Marzuki Silalahi, Hanif Abdurrahman Wicaksana, Ferhat Aziz, Syahfandi Ahda, Mohamad Riza Iskandar

Makara Journal of Technology

Micropowders of oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steel have been synthesized using the ultrasonic irradiation method with variations in amplitude. The ultrasonic irradiation process is performed for 50 h at a frequency of 20 kHz with 40%, 50%, and 60% amplitudes in toluene solution. The formation of Fe-Cr microalloys in the preparation of Fe- 15Cr-0.5Y2O3 powder was analyzed using SEM-EDS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and TEM-EDS. The percentage of Fe- Cr phase mass fraction of ODS steel micropowder formed during ultrasonic irradiation with 40%:50%:60% amplitude was 12.2%:34.1%:22.1%, with 25.67:77.02:38.51 nm crystallite size. The crystallite size at 50% amplitude was the largest, and the diffusion …

Study On Antibacterial Of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Doped Magnesium Composite As A Material For Bone Graft Applications, Andromeda Dwi Laksono, Teodoro A. Amatosa, Jr., Hilda Pebrianti Octaviana Sitorus, Wentika Putri Kusuma Asih, Sulistijono Sulistijono

Makara Journal of Technology

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the constituent minerals of bone and teeth, that has been widely used for synthesizing bone graft. Due to the limitation on properties of the hydroxyapatite, it is doping with Magnesium (HAp-Mg). The addition of Chitosan (Chi) was expected to improve the antibacterial properties of HAp-Mg. The present research aims to study the influence of Chitosan with 0, 5, 15, and 25 wt% addition on biocompatibility properties of Chi/HAp-Mg composite. HAp-Mg was synthesized using the sol-gel method; meanwhile, Chi/HAp-Mg composite was manufactured by mixing Chitosan in acetic acid, and HAp-Mg was added into the mixture. The …

Evaluation Of Primal-Dual Splitting Algorithm For Mri Reconstruction Using Spatio-Temporal Structure Tensor And L1-2 Norm, Mia Rizkinia, Masahiro Okuda

Makara Journal of Technology

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential medical imaging technique which is widely used for medical research and diagnosis. Dynamic MRI provides the observed object visualization through time and results in a spatiotemporal signal. The image sequences often contain redundant information in both spatial and temporal domains. To utilize this characteristic, we propose a spatio-temporal reconstruction approach based on compressive sensing theory. We apply spatio-temporal structure tensor using nuclear norm, in addition to the wavelet sparsity regularization. The spatio-temporal structure tensor is a matrix that consists of gradient components of the MRI data w.r.t the spatial and temporal domains. For …

Acute Toxicitystudy Of Choline Based Ionic Liquids Towards Danio Rerio Fish And The Aggregation Behavior Of Their Binary Mixtures, Mansoor Ul Hassan Shah, Nasruddin Nasruddin, Suzana Bt Yusup, Muhammad Moniruzzaman

Makara Journal of Technology

Marine oil spills are effectively controlled by chemical dispersants. However, the toxicity associated with it reduce its employment in marine environment. To overcome this limitation, the acute toxicity of choline based ionic liquids was evaluated as a potential low toxic variant for oil spill remediation. Further, the aggregation behavior of the individual as well as their binary mixtures was also evaluated by employing tensiometry technique. The half-lethal concentration, LC50on zebrafish (Danio rerio) of three choline based ionic liquids showed that the studied ionic liquids (ILs) fall in the range of “practically nontoxic” ( 100-1000 mg L-1).Various micellar properties showed that …

Effect Of Surface Roughness On Ultrasonic Inspection Of Electron Beam Melting Ti‐6al‐4v, Evan T. Hanks, Anthony N. Palazotto, David Liu

Faculty Publications

Experimental research was conducted on the effects of surface roughness on ultrasonic non-destructive testing of electron beam melted (EBM) additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a developing technology with many potential benefits, but certain challenges posed by its use require further research before AM parts are viable for widespread use in the aviation industry. Possible applications of this new technology include aircraft battle damage repair (ABDR), small batch manufacturing to fill supply gaps and replacement for obsolete parts. This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of ultrasonic inspection in detecting manufactured flaws in EBM-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V. Additively manufactured EBM products …

Comparison Study Of Mold Growth Resistance Of Plastic Based Material Flooring (Pbm Flooring) And Ceramic Tile Flooring, Jyothi Rangineni, Jeremy Tzeng

Publications

Clemson University Department of Biological Sciences and Tile Council of North America Product Performance Testing Laboratory evaluated whether ceramic tile and Plastic Based Material (PBM¹) flooring support mold growth when exposed to fungal spores.

Mold grows in moisture-rich environments and requires only minimal sources of nutrition to support growth. It has long been identified to cause damage to buildings and construction materials and its presence in buildings has been connected to many major health concerns with various studies and reviews published on this matter.²

The method used to evaluate mold growth was ASTM G21-96 (2015).³ This …

Standardized Waterproof Testing Of Plastic Based Material Flooring (Pbm Flooring), John P. Sanders, Cody Spence

Publications

Tile Council of North America Product Performance Testing Laboratory, under the direction of Dr. John Sanders of the Bishop Materials Laboratory at Clemson University, evaluated the extent that water can leak through plastic based material (PBM)¹ floor coverings advertised as 100% waterproof. To make this assessment, product literature was examined to determine which test methods were used to support the manufacturers’² claims of products being waterproof. Neither test methods or data to justify a 100% waterproof claim were found, despite a thorough review of product literature.³

ASTM, ANSI, ISO, and CEN standards were examined for relevant test …

Wet Slip Resistance Of Plastic Based Material Flooring (Pbm Flooring), John P. Sanders, Grant Davidson

Publications

Tile Council of North America Product Performance Testing Laboratory, under the direction of Dr. John Sanders of the Bishop Materials Laboratory at Clemson University, measured the wet Dynamic Coefficient of Friction (DCOF) of 22 plastic based material (PBM¹) flooring products that manufacturers² advertise or claim to be waterproof, water resistant, or depict being used in areas where flooring gets wet.³ The claims suggest that such PBM products can be used where exposed to water. However, product literature for only five products tested in this report cautioned the products can be potentially slippery when wet, and no …

Corrosion Of Ecaped Magnesium Alloys And Its Background: A Review, G Manjunath Naik, N Sannayellappa, S Selvin Satheesh Kumar

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The aim of this review article is to provide a brief mechanistic overview of magnesium alloys, equal channel angular pressing and corrosion behavior of un-ECAPed and ECAPed Mg alloys. The considerate of the corrosion processes of ECAPed Mg alloys builds upon interpretation of the corrosion of fine-grain magnesium alloys. This provides an understanding of the effect of grain size on corrosion of Mg alloys. This deep understanding is essential as a foundation if we are to produce corrosion-resistant magnesium alloys. Considerable has previously been accomplished, but there is enormous scope for development. This present concise review can provide a foundation …

Corrosion Behaviors Of Ship Structural Steel In Simulated Marine Tidal Environment, N Jaiyos, E Viyanit, P Mungsantisuk, K Sirivedin

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The tidal zone is severe marine environment for steel structures due to its wet-dry cyclic corrosion pattern. Regarding a specific application for inner ship hull, ship structural steel is always prone to corrosion dealing with three marine environments, including atmospheric, tidal, and immersion zones. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate corrosion behaviors of two commercial ship structural steels, i.e. alloys A and B, which were exposed to simulated marine tidal environment. The effects of specimen arrangements designated as the isolated short-scale and vertical long-scale specimens were also determined. Based on weight loss determination, it revealed that the corrosion rates …

Effect Of Post Weld Heat Treatment Soaking Time On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Tig Welded Grade 91 Steel, K Mithun, K Saraswathamma, D K. Verma

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Development of new alloy materials is in progress to improve thermal efficiency of supercritical boilers. One of such material is modified 9Cr-1Mo (Grade 91) martensitic alloy steel referred as T/P91. This material is extensively used in high temperature applications such as fabrication of superheater, reheater and economizer sections of a boiler. The present study is made to find the effect of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) soaking time on microstructure and mechanical properties of TIG welded ASTM A213 Grade 91 steel plate. Experiments were conducted for PWHT at 760°C for different soaking time such as 2, 4 and 6 hours …

Synthesis And Luminescence Properties Of Camoo4:Sm3+ Phosphors For Orange Photonic Materials, N Luewarasirikul, J Kaewkhao, H Kim

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The series of CaMoO4 samples with different melting temperature (600, 700, 800 and 900°C) were synthesized in this work to investigate their phase structures by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD result confirmed that the crystalline structures of the phosphors were obtained at 800°C (tetragonal structure with I41/a space group). Then, the series of Ca1-xMoO4:Smx (where x = 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, 0.020, 0.025 and 0.030) were prepared by solid-state reaction method to study their luminescence properties. The absorption spectra, recorded in UV, Vis and NIR regions, showed peaks at 405, 465, 952, 1096, 1252, 1405, 1513, 1573 and 1629 nm. The …

Physical And Strength Properties Of Fe/Sic Composites Under Microwave Hybrid Sintering Method, Sn A. Daud, S M. Tahir, M S. Anuar, Cn A. Jaafar, Mz M. Yusoff

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Two different methods for the sintering of Fe/SiC composite prepared via uniaxial powder compaction are investigated in this work; the conventional furnace sintering and the microwave hybrid sintering methods. The important variables considered are the compositions of SiC in the Fe/SiC composite and the sintering temperatures used. The compositions of the SiC in the Fe/SiC used are 0, 10 and 20 wt. % and the sintering temperatures used are 1000°C, 1050°C, 1100°C and 1200°C. Damaged samples are obtained at the sintering temperatures of 1100°C and 1200°C for microwave hybrid method. For the undamaged samples obtained at 1000°C and 1050°C sintering …

Wood Plastic Composites Based On Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) And Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate), P Chaiwutthinan, A Pimpong, A Larpkasemsuk, S Chuayjuljit, A Boonmahitthisud

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

In this work, wood plastic composites (WPCs) were prepared from a selected recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend ratio. The 70/30 (wt%/wt%) (rPET)/PBAT blend was incorporated with six loadings of wood flour (WF) (5 - 30 wt%) through melt mixing on a twin screw extruder, followed by injection molding. The mechanical properties of the WPCs, in terms of the impact, tensile and flexural strength, Young's modulus and elongation at break were determined as a function of the WF content. The results showed that the impact strength and elongation at break of the WPCs were all lower than those of …

The Use Of Reclaimed Rubber From Waste Tires For Production Of Dynamically Cured Natural Rubber/Reclaimed Rubber/Polypropylene Blends: Effect Of Reclaimed Rubber Loading, A Thitithammawong, C Hayichelaeh, W Nakason, N Jehvoh

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Reclaimed rubber (RR) from waste tires was introduced into thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on blends of natural rubber (NR)/RR/polypropylene (PP). The curing characteristics of NR/RR compounds together with properties of TPVs, i.e., mixing and dynamic vulcanization behaviors and mechanical, dynamic and morphological properties, were investigated with respect to RR content. The results show that the RR affects static and dynamic vulcanization of rubber molecules by increasing cure rate but lowers curing efficiency. Increasing the RR content in NR/RR/PP TPVs slightly reduces tensile strength but with a sharp impact on elongation at break. Dynamic properties reveal that elastomeric response of NR/RR/PP …

One Step Pressing-Annealing To Produce Ltp Mnbi Magnets, T Charoensuk, A Tamman, P Jantaratana, S Abbasi, C Sirisathitkul

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The production process for the high-purity low-temperature-phase (LTP) manganese bismuth (MnBi) magnets requires arc-melting, grinding and annealing materials under inert atmosphere. However, the formation of MnO is practically unavoidable during these steps since both Mn and MnBi are easily oxidized even by trace amounts of oxygen. In this work, an oxygen-free pressing-annealing system is developed to facilitate the synthesis of LTP MnBi with minimal oxidization. The semi-automatic pressing is carried out by using the compression piston and the load cell is used to measure the pressing force. The copper plate and cylindrical container are heated by nichrome filament heating. Mn …

Use Of Steam Explosion As A Green Alternative Method To Prepare Pulp From Pineapple Leaves, S Tanpichai, A Boonmahitthisud, S Witayakran

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The use of agricultural wastes as an alternative form of the cellulosic material to wood has gained considerable attention due to the reduction of deforestation. After cultivation, a large number of pineapple leaves are considered as a waste. Here, the potential steam explosion process was used as a green alternative way to prepare pulp from pineapple leaves without any addition of the chemical treatments. The pineapple leaf fibers were defibrillated from fiber bundles due to the rapid depressurization with the steam pressure between 16 and 20 kgf·cm-2. The partly removal of hemicellulose and lignin associated with the increase of the …

Characterization Of Zirconium Oxides Part I: Raman Mapping And Spectral Feature Analysis, Corey M. Efaw, Jordan L. Vandegrift, Michael Reynolds, Samuel Mcmurdie, Brian J. Jaques, Hui Xiong, Michael F. Hurley

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Raman mapping of sectioned zirconium cladding oxides was performed to analyze different spectral features before and after breakaway, as well as between zirconium and its alloys Zr-2.65Nb, Zry-3, and Zry-4. Oxide phase composition, or percent tetragonality, was defined to compare tetragonal to monoclinic zirconia. Percent tetragonality was spatially mapped to support distinction of zirconia phase distribution. A tetragonal-rich layer was seen at the metal/oxide interface, while post-breakaway samples exhibited increased amount of tetragonal phase in the bulk of their oxides. Spatial mapping of spectral peak location and half-width at half-maximum was accomplished to distinguish differences in stability mechanisms of tetragonal-rich …

Bioresorbable Composite Stents For Enhanced Response Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Hozhabr Mozafari

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Formation of arterial plaque and stenosis is one of the main cardiovascular disease risk factors. Stenting is a popular approach to increase the inner diameter of the artery and provide an acceptable lumen gain. This is achieved by applying internal pressure to the arterial wall. Despite the desirable outcomes of this procedure, there are complexities and challenges that are being discussed among scholars in this area. Restenosis is one of these complications, in which smooth muscles cell start proliferation and remodeling in response of induced mechanical stresses. Another important issue is the placement of the stent and possible migration due …

Extending Mission Duration Of Uas Multicopters: Multi-Disciplinary Approach, Marc Lussier

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Multicopters are important tools in industry, the military, and research but suffer from short flight times and mission durations. In this thesis, we discuss three different ways to increase flight times and therefore increase the viability of using multicopters in a variety of missions. Alternate fuel sources such as hydrogen fuel and solar cells are starting to be used on multicopters, in our research we simulate modern fuel cells and show how well they currently work as the power source for multicopters and how close they are to becoming useful in Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) technology. Increasing the efficiency in …

Development Of A Mix Design Adjustment Method For Fiber Reinforced Concrete And Super High Performance Concrete Based On Excess Paste, Joe Malloy

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The main objective of this study was to develop a mix design adjustment method for Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) that would maintain appropriate workability while improving hardened concrete performance. A literature review was conducted to examine existing methods for adjusting mix designs to account for fiber introduction. It was found that while increasing fine aggregate and cement paste content can make up for lost workability with the addition of fibers, no rational mix design adjustment method is available. Reference mix designs from the Nevada Department of Transportation and the Nebraska Department of Transportation were used, and this study focused on …

Accelerated Relaxation In Disordered Solids Under Cyclic Loading With Alternating Shear Orientation, Nikolai V. Priezjev

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

The effect of alternating shear orientation during cyclic loading on the relaxation dynamics in disordered solids is examined using molecular dynamics simulations. The model glass was initially prepared by rapid cooling from the liquid state and then subjected to cyclic shear along a single plane or periodically alternated in two or three dimensions. We showed that with increasing strain amplitude in the elastic range, the system is relocated to deeper energy minima. Remarkably, it was found that each additional alternation of the shear orientation in the deformation protocol brings the glass to lower energy states. The results of mechanical tests …

Nanoscale Optical And Correlative Microscopies For Quantitative Characterization Of Dna Nanostructures, Christopher Michael Green

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Methods to engineer nanomaterials and devices with uniquely tailored properties are highly sought after in fields such as manufacturing, medicine, energy, and the environment. The macromolecule deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) enables programmable self-assembly of nanostructures with near arbitrary shape and size and with unprecedented precision and accuracy. Additionally, DNA can be chemically modified to attach molecules and nanoparticles, providing a means to organize active materials into devices with unique or enhanced properties. One particularly powerful form of DNA-based self-assembly, DNA origami, provides robust structures with the potential for nanometer-scale resolution of addressable sites. DNA origami are assembled from one large DNA …

Ultrasonic Wave Propagation In Copper/Graphene Metal Matrix Composites, Casey Lindbloom

Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Emerging metallic composite materials implanted with graphene sheets are showing immense promise, with benefits being observed with regards to mechanical, thermal, and electrical material properties. This research aims to investigate the effects on ultrasonic wave propagation in Copper/Graphene Metal Matrix Composites (Cu/Gr MMCs) with varying graphene arrangements inspired from nacre and bone nanoscale material distributions. To accomplish this, the molecular dynamics (MD) method is utilized to simulate nanoscale wave propagation on a set of Cu/Gr MMCs with differing graphene arrangements and volume percentages ranging up to 4.56%. The computational model results are then analyzed to determine the variation in energy …

Mandela Splash Pad Pre-Construction Plan, Levi Sandbulte

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

In the construction industry, it is the responsibility of the general contractor to take the architect’s ideas and turn it into a real building. Many times this requires ample communication and several drafts. This efficient execution of this process is vital to the completion of a successful project. In this project, I practice this communication process. The challenge presented by the owner is to build an affordable splash pad, and without impacting the construction schedule of the Early Childhood Development Center (ECDC) that is being built on the same property at the same time. This proposal gives the owner a …

Modification Of Optical And Structural Properties Of Dc Magnetron Sputtered Tungsten Oxide Thin Films For Electrochromic Application, P Yaemsanguansak, M Sittishoktram, R Tuayjaroen, E Ketsombun, T Lertvanithphol, C Luangchaisri, T Jutarosaga

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The optical properties of tungsten oxide thin films prepared by a reactive DC magnetron sputtering technique were investigated. The influences of O2 flow rates (15 and 18 sccm) and DC sputtering powers (5, 15 and 25 W) on the optical properties of 200 nm-thick tungsten oxide films on indium tin oxide substrates (WO3/ITO/glass) were investigated using UV-visible spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the transmission modulation in visible region between colored state and bleached state of the films increased significantly with decreasing DC sputtering power and increasing O2 flow rate. The results corresponded with the increase of film roughness and density …

Deep Donors And Acceptors In Β-Ga2O3 Crystals: Determination Of The Fe2+/3+ Level By A Noncontact Method, Christopher A. Lenyk, Timothy D. Gustafson, Larry E. Halliburton, Nancy C. Giles

Faculty Publications

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), infrared absorption, and thermoluminescence (TL) are used to determine the Fe^2+/3+ level in Fe-doped β-Ga₂O₃ crystals. With these noncontact spectroscopy methods, a value of 0.84 ± 0.05 eV below the conduction band is obtained for this level. Our results clearly establish that the E2 level observed in deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) experiments is due to the thermal release of electrons from Fe²⁺ ions. The crystals used in this investigation were grown by the Czochralski method and contained large concentrations of Fe acceptors and Ir donors, and trace amounts of Cr …

Graphene/Polypropylene Nanocomposites, Carmen Karam Abuoudah

Theses

Graphene has been regarded as a multifunctional nanofiller for manufacturing polymer nanocomposites. A small amount of graphene nanosheets is expected to significantly improve the properties of base polymers. The property enhancement, however, is a function of the degree of exfoliation and dispersion of graphene as well as its compatibility with the polymer. The non-polar nature of polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) restricts the homogeneous dispersion of graphene, leading to significant agglomeration of the nanosheets and thus, limiting the expected property improvements in polyolefins. Currently, more efforts are focused on finding strategies to improve graphene dispersion in polyolefins. …

Effects Of Magnetic Domain And Twin Boundary Interactions On Magneto-Mechanical Properties Of Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys, Medha Veligatla

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloys deform substantially when exposed to a magnetic field. This recoverable plastic deformation occurs through crystallographic twinning. Thereby the internal magnetic domain structure modulates the deformation mechanisms through the interaction of magnetic domains with twin boundaries. We study the meso scale magneto-structural interactions that affect the macroscopic material properties of MSM alloys. The study at the meso length scale is most effective as it allows for resolving interactions at magnetic domain wall width resolution with reasonable computing cost. We apply micromagnetics simulations to evaluate the evolution of magnetic domains, their interaction with twin boundaries, the distribution …