Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Rapid Grain Boundary Mobility At Ambient Temperatures, Jarrod M. Lund, R Adam Bilodeau, Rebecca K. Kramer

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Understanding and measuring the influence of grain boundaries (planar defects in the crystalline structure of materials) and their motion has become a dominant aspect in materials research, with applications in additive manufacturing, fatigue prevention, and material modeling. However, modeling grain boundaries and grain boundary mobility (GBM) is difficult due to the high temperatures or external stresses, imaging solutions compatible with the material system, and long time-scales required to create measurable experimental results. In this paper, we introduce a novel material system that allows for easy and fast visualization of GBM. A drop of liquid metal eutectic gallium indium (eGaIn) placed …

Metamodels Of Residual Stress Buildup For Machining Process Modeling, Stuart B. Mccrorie, Michael Sangid

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

In the process of machining materials, stresses, called residual stresses, accumulate in the workpiece being machined that remain after the process is completed. These residual stresses can affect the properties of the material or cause part distortion, and it is important that they be calculated to prevent complications from arising due to the residual stresses. However, these calculations can be incredibly computationally intensive, and thus other methods are needed to predict the residual stresses in materials for quick decision-making during machining. By using metamodels - a method of representing data where few data points exist - we can achieve an …

Large Scale Monolithic Solar Panel Simulation - A Study On Partial Shading Degradation, Suhas V. Baddela, Xingshu Sun, Muhammad A. Alam

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Shadow-induced degradation is a major concern for both power output and long-term reliability in solar cells. Apart from the obvious fact that shading reduces the amount of solar irradiance available to solar panels, it may lead to formation of hot spots, where solar cells are forced to reverse breakdown with localized heating, and potentially, permanent damage. To get a better understanding of shadow-induced degradation, we develop an electro-thermal coupled simulator that can self-consistently solve the electrical and thermal distributions of solar panel under arbitrary shading conditions. The simulation framework consists of two part: a) compact models that can describe the …

Mechanical Investigation Of Phase-Transforming Cellular And Origami Materials, John M. Cleveland, David Restrepo, Yunlan Zhang, Pablo Zavattieri, Nilesh Mankame

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Cellular materials, such as honeycombs and metallic foams, have attracted much attention due to their exceptional ability to absorb and diffuse mechanical energy. These materials have a wide range of applications, such as improving vehicle crash safety and helmet impact resistance. However, many of these materials are rendered unusable after one application. Phase-transforming cellular materials (PXCMs) utilize a reversible bistable mechanism to facilitate energy absorption from one-dimensional impacts and loads. These mechanisms have the added benefit over other cell structures of reusability. In this study, various PXCM designs are discussed and examined to determine their energy absorption capabilities.

Three different …

High Strain Rate Experiments Of Energetic Material Binder, Roberto Rangel Mendoza, Michael Harr, Weinong Chen

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Energetic materials, in particular HMX, is widely used in many applications as polymer bonded explosives (PBX) and rocket propellant. However, when damaged, HMX is known to be an unstable substance which renders it a hazardous material and in some cases unreliable. Finding critical mechanical conditions at high rates that render various forms of energetic materials as unreliable would be vital to understand the effects that vibrations and compression forces have on energetic materials. A better understanding would enable the ability to develop improvements in the manufacturing of PBX and rocker propellant. The method utilized to evaluate the mechanical properties of …

Characterization Of Suspension Polymerized Polyacrylamide And Poly(Sodium Acrylate-Acrylamide) Copolymer And Their Size Influence On The Properties Of Concrete, Cole R. Davis, Kendra A. Erk, Stacey L. Kelly

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Shrinkage leading to cracking and mechanical instability is a major problem for concrete due to the loss of water during the curing process. However, through the addition of Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) hydrogels, shrinkage can be prevented, increasing the strength of concrete. Characterization of suspension polymerized polyacrylamide (PAM) poly(sodium acrylate-polyacrylamide) (PANa-PAM) copolymer microsphere sizes, morphology and swelling behavior was conducted before adding them to concrete. Size was determined using microscopy paired with ImageJ analysis. Coulter Counter size characterization was also used to determine the particle size distribution. Swelling behavior was determined using the tea bag method as well as size analysis …

Characterization Of Superabsorbent Polymers In Aluminum Solutions, Nicholas D. Macke, Matthew J. Krafcik, Kendra A. Erk

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Over the past few decades, super absorbent polymers (SAPs) have been the topic of research projects all around the world due to their incredible ability to absorb water. They have applications in everything from disposable diapers to high performance concrete. In concrete, aqueous cations permeate the polymer network, reducing swelling and altering properties. One of these ions, aluminum, alters SAP properties by creating a stiff outer shell and greatly reducing absorbency, but these effects have not been well characterized. One method of characterizing the effects of aluminum on SAP hydrogels was performing gravimetric swelling tests to determine equilibrium water capacity …

Experimental Study Of Breakage Of Particles Under Compression, Haoze Zhou, Niranjan Parab, Weinong W. Chen

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Granular materials are used widely and can be seen in natural and industrial applications such as sand bags or pharmaceutical pills. During their manufacturing, processing, transport and use, granular materials are subjected to various kinds of loadings. If the amplitude of the loading is above the strength threshold, particles constituting granular materials may fracture. It is very important to understand the failure of particles under these loading conditions to prevent or control their failure during all stages of their manufacturing and use. Better characterization of the fracture behavior of particles composed of different materials and sizes will allow more precise …

Dna Bound Avicel Network: The Beginnings Of A Self-Healing Material, Emily R. Coleman, Michael R. Ladisch, Eduardo Ximenes, Marissa Karp, Kathleen Howell, Seockmo Ku, Nathan Mosier, Iman Beheshti Tabar

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Self-healing materials could potentially provide many improvements to engineering projects, including reduced maintenance and cost, and increased lifespan. It is desired to create a self-healing material proof of concept, which can then be altered for eventual application to the surfaces of small satellites with the goal of increasing material lifetimes. The intrinsic properties and abilities of DNA base pairing will be studied as a first test of proof of concept. The exploratory research reported in this short communication utilizes oxidation of small (50µm) particles of Avicel using TEMPO, followed by activation of Avicel particles via an EDC (1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride) …

Dislocation Engineering In Novel Nanowire Structures, Christopher Y. Chow, Samuel T. Reeve, Alejandro Strachan

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Leveraging defects is a cornerstone of materials science, and has become increasingly important from bulk to nanostructured materials. We use molecular dynamics simulations to explore the limits of defect engineering by harnessing individual dislocations in nanoscale metallic specimens and utilizing their intrinsic behavior for application in mechanical dampening. We study arrow-shaped, single crystal copper nanowires designed to trap and control the dynamics of dislocations under uniaxial loading. We characterize how nanowire cross-section and stacking-fault energy of the material affects the ability to trap partial or full dislocations. Cyclic loading simulations show that the periodic motion of the dislocations leads to …

Fast Diffusion Of Silver In Tio2 Nanotube Arrays, Wanggang Zhang, Yiming Liu, Diaoyu Zhou, Hui Wang, Wei Liang, Fuqian Yang

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Using magnetron sputtering and heat treatment, Ag@TiO₂ nanotubes are prepared. The effects of heat-treatment temperature and heating time on the evolution of Ag nanofilms on the surface of TiO₂ nanotubes and microstructure of Ag nanofilms are investigated by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Ag atoms migrate mainly on the outmost surface of the TiO₂ nanotubes, and fast diffusion of Ag atoms is observed. The diffusivity for the diffusion of Ag atoms on the outmost surface of the TiO₂ nanotubes at 400 °C is 6.87 × 10⁻¹⁸ m²/s, …

Study On Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch Bruise In Harvesting And Transportation To Quality, Andreas Wahyu Krisdiarto, Lilik Sutiarso

Makara Journal of Technology

There are losses of production due to oil palm field’s material handling. Activities that may raise the losses are harvesting and transportation, which may cause bruise and damage to fruit. This research was aimed to learn the bruise of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) phenomenon in harvesting and transportation. Method used in this research was measuring the bruise area resulted by FFB falling when harvested, loading (throwing up) FFB to truck bin, and transporting using truck. These data, coupled with weight of bruised fruit, were calculated to get FFB bruise index. Each FFB bruise index is related to potential free fatty …

Automatic Arrhythmia Beat Detection: Algorithm, System, And Implementation, Wisnu Jatmiko, I Md. Agus Setiawan, Muhammad Ali Akbar, Muhammad Eka Suryana, Yulistiyan Wardhana, Muhammad Febrian Rachmadi

Makara Journal of Technology

Cardiac disease is one of the major causes of death in the world. Early diagnose of the symptoms depends on abnormality on heart beat pattern, known as Arrhythmia. A novel fuzzy neuro generalized learning vector quantization for automatic Arrhythmia heart beat classification is proposed. The algorithm is an extension from the GLVQ algorithm that employs a fuzzy logic concept as the discriminant function in order to develop a robust algorithm and improve the classification performance. The algorithm is tested against MIT-BIH arrhythmia database to measure the performance. Based on the experiment result, FN-GLVQ is able to increase the accuracy of …

Optimization Of Electricity Generation Schemes In The Java-Bali Grid System With Co2 Reduction Consideration, Farizal Farizal, Wenty Eka Septia, Amar Rachman, Nasruddin Nasruddin, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia

Makara Journal of Technology

This research considers the problem of reducing CO2 emissions from the Java-Bali power grid system that consists of a variety of power-generating plants: coal-fired, natural gas, oil, and renewable energy (PV, geothermal, hydroelectric, wind, and landfill gas). The problem is formulated as linear programming and solved using LINGO 10. The model was developed for a nation to meet a specified CO2 emission target. Two carbon dioxide mitigation options are considered in this study, i.e. fuel balancing and fuel switching. In order to reduce the CO2 emissions by 26% in 2021, State Electric Supply Company (PLN) has to generate up to …

Apparent Porosity And Compressive Strength Of Heat-Treated Clay/Iron Sand/Rice Husk Ash Composites Over A Range Of Sintering Temperatures, M. Nizar Machmud, Zulkarnain Jalil, Mochammad Afifuddin

Makara Journal of Technology

Novel composites of clay/iron sand/rice husk ash (RHA) have been developed. Electric furnace was used to perform heat treatment on the composites to study the effect of sintering temperature on their apparent porosity and compressive strength. Two types of RHA with different bulk density were prepared to gain an understanding of the influence of apparent porosity on compressive strength of the heat-treated composites over a range of sintering temperatures. Heattreated composites, made of clay/iron sand and clay/RHA, were also prepared as a referenced material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was further performed to comprehensively discuss the role of iron sand on …

The Effect Of Irradiation Of Fe And Ar Ion On The Surface Morphology Of Diamond Thin Film Related To The Magnetoresistance Property, Salim Mustofa, Setyo Purwanto, Kenji Mishima

Makara Journal of Technology

The irradiation of Fe and Ar ion was applied on the surface of diamond/Si thin film to know its effect on the morphology of thin film.The magnetoresistance property was also studied. Ion irradiation treatment using Fe ion followed by argon ion at the energy of 70keV and a dose of 1 x 1015 ion/cm2 have been conducted on the surface of two types of thin film, diamond/Si (111) and diamond/Si (100). Both thin films were made by using a CVD method, and the thickness of the thin film is 1000-nm. From simulations using the software called Stopping and Range of …

Use Of Green Mussel Shell As A Desulfurizer In The Blending Of Low Rank Coal-Biomass Briquette Combustion, Mahidin Mahidin, Asri Gani, M. Reza Hani, Muhammad Syukur, Hamdani Hamdani, Khairil Khairil, Samsul Rizal, Abdul Hadi, T.M.I. Mahlia

Makara Journal of Technology

Calcium oxide-based material is available abundantly and naturally. A potential resource of that material comes from marine mollusk shell such as clams, scallops, mussels, oysters, winkles and nerites. The CaO-based material has exhibited a good performance as the desulfurizer or adsorbent in coal combustion in order to reduce SO2 emission. In this study, pulverized green mussel shell, without calcination, was utilized as the desulfurizer in the briquette produced from a mixture of low rank coal and palm kernel shell (PKS), also known as bio-briquette. The ratio of coal to PKS in the briquette was 90:10 (wt/wt). The influence of green …

The Knowledge-Based Analysis On Medium Resolution Images Of Remote Sensing To Extraction Information Land Use Type Scs-Cn, The Case Study On Grompol Watershed, Puguh Dwi Raharjo, Totok Gunawan, Mohammad Pramono Hadi

Makara Journal of Technology

Remote sensing imagery Landsat-8 is one image that has a good temporal resolution; in addition to the availability of data, this image can be obtained free of charge. Land cover type SCS-CN is part of a unit of land that affects runoff. The use of medium resolution imagery in reducing the SCS-CN land use type is considered relatively difficult, and it yields less good accuracy. Limitations on multispectral classification only rely on facts derived from spectral reflection, so that the two data are the same since different characteristic results are not so good. This study aims to determine the accuracy …

Sugarcane Bagasse As A Carrier For The Immobilization Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiaein Bioethanol Production, Sita Heris Anita, Wibowo Mangunwardoyo, Yopi Yopi

Makara Journal of Technology

Sugarcane bagasse was used as a carrier to immobilize Saccharomyces cerevisiae in bioethanol production. This research aims to study the potential use of sugarcane bagasse as an alternative carrier for cell immobilization and improvement in the production process of cell immobilization in bagasse. The results showed that the physical characteristics of sugarcane bagasse as a carrier were water content (7.77 ± 0.35%), water retention (4.80 ± 0.44 g/g), water absorption index (8.58 ± 0.22 g/g), and lignin content (24.40 ± 1.52 %). Determination of cell retention was performed in an inoculum volume of 50 mL yeast suspension with various carrier …

Modeling Fluid Interactions With The Rigid Mush In Alloy Solidification, Alexander J. Plotkowski

Open Access Dissertations

Macrosegregation is a casting defect characterized by long range composition differences on the length scale of the ingot. These variations in local composition can lead to the development of unwanted phases that are detrimental to mechanical properties. Unlike microsegregation, in which compositions vary over the length scale of the dendrite arms, macrosegregation cannot be removed by subsequent heat treatment, and so it is critical to understand its development during solidification processing. Due to the complex nature of the governing physical phenomena, many researchers have turned to numerical simulations for these predictions, but properly modeling alloy solidification presents a variety of …

Modeling Picking On Pharmaceutical Tablets, Shrikant Swaminathan

Open Access Dissertations

Tablets are the most popular solid dosage form in the pharmaceutical industry because they are cheap to manufacture, chemically and mechanically stable and easy to transport and fairly easy to control dosage. Pharmaceutical tableting operations have been around for decades however the process is still not well understood. One of the common problems faced during the production of pharmaceutical tablets by powder compaction is sticking of powder to the punch face, This is known as 'sticking'. A more specialized case of sticking is picking when the powder is pulled away form the compact in the vicinity of debossed features. In …

Study Of An All-Vanadium Photoelectrochemical Cell For High-Efficiency Solar Energy Storage, Zi Wei

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

In an attempt to explore a clean and renewable alternative to existing energy sources such as fossil fuel, we studied the feasibility of using vanadium redox species to store the inexhaustible solar energy via photoelectrochemical (PEC) reactions with photogenerated charge carriers from semiconductor photocatalysts such as TiO2. Based on our fundamental study of the compatibility of vanadium redox and TiO2, modification of TiO2 such as carbon coating and geometry enhancement, and development of a continuous-flow solar energy storage cell, we demonstrated high-efficiency solar energy storage cell.The research focuses on the following four directions. Firstly, a highly-efficient all-vanadium (all-V) PEC storage …

Gold-Nanoparticle-Based Theranostic Agents For Radiotherapy Of Malignant Solid Tumors, Sina Moeendarbari

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Radiation therapy is one of the three major methods of cancer treatment. The fundamental goal of radiotherapy is to deliver high radiation doses to targets while simultaneously minimizing doses to critical structures and healthy normal tissues. The aim of this study is to develop a general, practical, and facile method to prepare nanoscale theranostic agents for more efficacious radiation therapy with less adverse side effects. First, a novel type of gold nanoparticle, hollow Au nanoparticles (HAuNPs) which was synthesized using the unique bubble template synthesis method developed in our lab, are studied in vitro and in vivo to investigate their …

Osteogenic Differentiation In Preosteoblast Mc3t3-E1 Cells Induced By Beta Tricalcium Phosphate Bioglass Composite, Chien-Ning Yao

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

The use of bioactive material from bioceramic and composite components to support bone cell and tissue growth is an interesting area of medical field. Calcium phosphate ceramics are biocompatible and may develop interactions with human living bone tissues. Bioactive calcium phosphates, beta -tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), have been intensively investigated as the cell scaffold for bone tissue engineering because it is well recognized that they are compatible to natural bone tissue and osteoconductive. In this research we will discuss two types of biomaterial with different kind of composition—(a) a cement type and (b)a scaffold type of biomaterial that can be applied …

Mechanism Of Wear And Tribofilm Formation With Ionic Liquids And Ashless Antiwear Additives, Vibhu Sharma

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Increasingly stringent government regulation on emissions (EPA Emissions Standard Reference Guide and latest CAFE standards requiring an average fuel economy of 54.5 mpg (combined cars and trucks) by 2025) impose significant challenges to the automotive and lubricant industries calling for the development and implementation of lower viscosity ILSAC GF-5&6 and API-CJ4&5 oils which further limit the amount of SAPS and deposits in engines. Development of additives that result in lower ash content, volatility and anti-wear property plays a crucial role in being able to reach these standards. The current industrial additive technology i.e. zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) forms harmful deposits on …

Nanoparticle-Based Electrochemical Sensors For The Detection Of Lactate And Hydrogen Peroxide, Aytekin Uzunoglu

Open Access Dissertations

In the present study, electrochemical sensors for the detection of lactate and hydrogen peroxide were constructed by exploiting the physicochemical properties of metal ad metal oxide nanoparticles. This study can be divided into two main sections. While chapter 2, 3, and 4 report on the construction of electrochemical lactate biosensors using CeO2 and CeO2-based mixed metal oxide nanoparticles, chapter 5 and 6 show the development of electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensors by the decoration of the electrode surface with palladium-based nanoparticles. First generation oxidase enzyme-based sensors suffer from oxygen dependency which results in errors in the response current of the sensors …

The Characterization Of Secondary Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation When Operating Complex, Ultra-High Power Pulsed Loads, Derek N. Wong

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The US Navy is actively developing all electric fleets, raising serious questions about what is required of onboard power supplies in order to properly power the ship’s electrical systems. This is especially relevant when choosing a viable power source to drive high power propulsion and electric weapon systems in addition to the conventional loads deployed aboard these types of vessels. Especially when high pulsed power loads are supplied, the issue of maintaining power quality becomes important and increasingly complex. Conventionally, a vessel’s electrical power is generated using gas turbine or diesel driven motor-generator sets that are very inefficient when they …

Preface To The Special Issue On Advanced Microstructural Characterization Of Materials, Haiming Wen

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Microstructural characterization is a vital part in materials science, as it plays a key role in understanding the structure-property relationship in materials. Various advanced microstructural characterization techniques have emerged, for example, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, high resolution (scanning) transmission electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, precession electron diffraction, energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography. The applications of these techniques have greatly advanced the understanding of material microstructures on different scales from micrometer to atomic scale. Advanced microstructural characterization can be applied to a variety of …

Stability Of The M2 Phase Of Vanadium Dioxide Induced By Coherent Epitaxial Strain, N. F. Quackenbush, Yijia Gu, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Tensile strain along the cR axis in epitaxial VO₂ films raises the temperature of the metal insulator transition and is expected to stabilize the intermediate monoclinic M2 phase. We employ surface-sensitive x-ray spectroscopy to distinguish from the TiO₂ substrate and identify the phases of VO₂ as a function of temperature in epitaxial VO₂/TiO₂ thin films with well-defined biaxial strain. Although qualitatively similar to our Landau-Ginzburg theory predicted phase diagrams, the M2 phase is stabilized by nearly an order of magnitude more strain than expected for the measured temperature window. Our results reveal that the …

A Dissolution-Precipitation Mechanism Is At The Origin Of Concrete Creep In Moist Environments, Isabella Pignatelli, Aditya Kumar, R. Alizadeh, Yann Le Pape, Mathieu Bauchy, Gaurav Sant

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Long-term creep (i.e., deformation under sustained load) is a significant material response that needs to be accounted for in concrete structural design. However, the nature and origin of concrete creep remain poorly understood and controversial. Here, we propose that concrete creep at relative humidity ≥ 50%, but fixed moisture content (i.e., basic creep), arises from a dissolution-precipitation mechanism, active at nanoscale grain contacts, as has been extensively observed in a geological context, e.g., when rocks are exposed to sustained loads, in liquid-bearing environments. Based on micro-indentation and vertical scanning interferometry data and molecular dynamics simulations carried out on calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H), …