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Full-Text Articles in Materials Science and Engineering

An Examination Of The Relationship Between Academic Dishonesty And Professional Behavior, Trevor S. Harding, Honor J. Passow, Donald D. Carpenter, Cynthia J. Finelli Nov 2003

An Examination Of The Relationship Between Academic Dishonesty And Professional Behavior, Trevor S. Harding, Honor J. Passow, Donald D. Carpenter, Cynthia J. Finelli

Materials Engineering

A number of recent studies have found correlations between academic dishonesty in higher education and unethical behavior in the work settings. However, these studies have not explored the causal relationship between the underlying factors that lead to this dishonesty. This realization, and apparently high levels of cheating among engineering students, has lead us to a research hypothesis that decision making patterns about academic cheating among engineering students are positively correlated with those individuals' decision making patterns about work place ethics and responsibility. To test our hypothesis, we have developed an exploratory survey that asks questions about the respondent's decisions during …

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Effects Of Intermetallic Morphology At The Metallic Particle/Solder Interface On Mechanical Properties Of Sn-Ag-Based Solder Joints, H. Rhee, F. Guo, J. G. Lee, Katherine C. Chen, K. N. Subramanian Nov 2003

Effects Of Intermetallic Morphology At The Metallic Particle/Solder Interface On Mechanical Properties Of Sn-Ag-Based Solder Joints, H. Rhee, F. Guo, J. G. Lee, Katherine C. Chen, K. N. Subramanian

Materials Engineering

Mechanical incorporation of metallic particles in the Sn-Ag-based solder resulted in various intermetallic compound (IMC) morphologies around these particles during reflow. Unlike with the Ni particles, the IMCs formed around Cu and Ag particles are relatively insensitive to reflow profiles employed. The IMC formed around the Ni particles ranges from “sunflower” morphology to “blocky” morphology with increasing time and temperature above liquidus during the heating part of the reflow profile. Mechanical properties, such as simple shear strength and creep behavior, of these composite solders were affected by the IMC morphologies in the composite solders investigated. Sunflower-shaped IMC formed around an …

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Formation And Growth Of Intermetallics Around Metallic Particles In Eutectic Sn-Ag Solder, J. G. Lee, Katherine C. Chen, K. N. Subrmanian Nov 2003

Formation And Growth Of Intermetallics Around Metallic Particles In Eutectic Sn-Ag Solder, J. G. Lee, Katherine C. Chen, K. N. Subrmanian

Materials Engineering

Incorporation of metallic particulate reinforcements in eutectic Sn-Ag solder results in the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) along particulate/ solder interfaces with different morphologies. For instance, “sunflower” and “blocky faceted” IMC shapes have been observed around Ni particle reinforcements incorporated in the eutectic Sn-Ag solder matrix. The time and temperature above solder liquidus during the heating stage of the reflow process has been found to play a significant role in determining the IMC morphology in these Ni particulate-reinforced solders. Similar studies were carried out with Cu and Ag particulate reinforcements using the same solder matrix. The amount of heat input …

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Semiconductor Wafer Processing System With Vertically-Stacked Process Chambers And Single-Axis Dual-Wafer Transfer System, Richard N. Savage, Frank S. Menagh, Helder R. Carvalheira, Philip A. Troiani, Dan L. Cossentine, Eric R. Vaughan, Bruce E. Mayer Aug 2003

Semiconductor Wafer Processing System With Vertically-Stacked Process Chambers And Single-Axis Dual-Wafer Transfer System, Richard N. Savage, Frank S. Menagh, Helder R. Carvalheira, Philip A. Troiani, Dan L. Cossentine, Eric R. Vaughan, Bruce E. Mayer

Materials Engineering

A semiconductor wafer processing system including a multi-chamber module having vertically-stacked semiconductor wafer process chambers and a loadlock chamber dedicated to each semiconductor wafer process chamber. Each process chamber includes a chuck for holding a wafer during wafer processing. The multi-chamber modules may be oriented in a linear array. The system further includes an apparatus having a dual-wafer single-axis transfer arm including a monolithic arm pivotally mounted within said loadlock chamber about a single pivot axis. The apparatus is adapted to carry two wafers, one unprocessed and one processed, simultaneously between the loadlock chamber and the process chamber. A method …

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Niti - Magic Or Phase Transformation?, Katherine C. Chen Jun 2003

Niti - Magic Or Phase Transformation?, Katherine C. Chen

Materials Engineering

NiTi alloys possess exciting properties and are staples in materials demonstrations. The shape memory effect and superelasticity property of NiTi fascinate people, but actually require significant materials knowledge to fully understand the phenomena. A laboratory dealing with phase transformations was thus developed to capitalize on the allure of NiTi for a junior/senior level “Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Materials” course. Students examine and characterize the shape memory and superelastic properties of NiTi wire, and then realize the difference is in the transformation temperature (i.e., Af - the austenitic finish temperature). They then use the phase diagram and TTT diagram to develop …

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How We Learned To Love The Phase Diagram With A Ti-Cr Alloy Characterization Lab, Katherine C. Chen Jun 2003

How We Learned To Love The Phase Diagram With A Ti-Cr Alloy Characterization Lab, Katherine C. Chen

Materials Engineering

While many students learn how to read and use a phase diagram in introductory materials courses, greater appreciation for such a tool can be garnered through the laboratory setting. A laboratory module for a “Structures of Materials” class (a “core class” for materials majors) has been developed to demonstrate the usefulness of phase diagrams, as well as, to emphasize the connections among processing, structure, and properties. Competence in determining stable phases, phase compositions, and mass fractions of phases are not the end goal, per se, but transpire since the skills are required to help solve a puzzle. Students are given …

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Students' Perceptions Of Both The Certainty And The Deterrent Effect Of Potential Consequences Of Cheating, Cynthia J. Finelli, Trevor S. Harding, Donald D. Carpenter, Honor J. Passow Jun 2003

Students' Perceptions Of Both The Certainty And The Deterrent Effect Of Potential Consequences Of Cheating, Cynthia J. Finelli, Trevor S. Harding, Donald D. Carpenter, Honor J. Passow

Materials Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Physical Metallurgy: Providing Unifying Principles In Diverse Areas Of Materials Engineering, Katherine C. Chen, Vilupanur A. Ravi May 2003

Physical Metallurgy: Providing Unifying Principles In Diverse Areas Of Materials Engineering, Katherine C. Chen, Vilupanur A. Ravi

Materials Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Structural And Diffusional Effects Of Hydrogen In Tini, Alan R. Pelton, Christine Trépanier, Xiao-Yan Gong, Andreas Wick, Katherine C. Chen May 2003

Structural And Diffusional Effects Of Hydrogen In Tini, Alan R. Pelton, Christine Trépanier, Xiao-Yan Gong, Andreas Wick, Katherine C. Chen

Materials Engineering

Hydrogen can be inadvertently added to Nitinol medical devices through electropolishing, caustic cleaning, or exposure to other acidic or basic solutions. Moderately high hydrogen concentrations can lead to embrittlement characterized by lowered ductility and changes in transformation behavior. The purpose of the present report is to discuss recent results on the effects of hydrogen in annealed TiNi. Samples are charged with hydrogen and analyzed with x-ray diffraction; these data indicate that even relatively small amounts of hydrogen can affect the crystal structure. Additions of up to 1000 wppm hydrogen increase the atomic volume by more than 2%, decrease peak intensity …

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Student Perceptions Of Institutional And Instructor Based Techniques For Dealing With Academic Dishonesty, Donald D. Carpenter, Trevor S. Harding, Susan M. Montgomery, Nicholas H. Steneck, Eric Dey Nov 2002

Student Perceptions Of Institutional And Instructor Based Techniques For Dealing With Academic Dishonesty, Donald D. Carpenter, Trevor S. Harding, Susan M. Montgomery, Nicholas H. Steneck, Eric Dey

Materials Engineering

Research suggests that a large percentage of engineering students engage in some form of academic dishonesty. To investigate this very serious concern, the authors have undertaken a research project on the Perceptions and Attitudes toward Cheating among Engineering Students (PACES). The premise of this research is that a combination of pressures, rather than malicious motivations, account for most student cheating. This paper focuses on a portion of the PACES survey; student opinions on what actions might prevent cheating. The authors examined data collected from approximately 350 engineering and pre-engineering undergraduate students at 5 institutions. In the survey, the students were …

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A Comparison Of The Role Of Academic Dishonesty Policies Of Several Colleges On The Cheating Behavior Of Engineering And Pre-Engineering Students, Trevor S. Harding, Donald D. Carpenter, Susan M. Montgomery, Nicholas H. Steneck Nov 2002

A Comparison Of The Role Of Academic Dishonesty Policies Of Several Colleges On The Cheating Behavior Of Engineering And Pre-Engineering Students, Trevor S. Harding, Donald D. Carpenter, Susan M. Montgomery, Nicholas H. Steneck

Materials Engineering

While universities take a variety of approaches in dealing with academic dishonesty, current evidence suggests that institutions with honor codes have a significantly lower level of self-reported cheating as compared to nonhonor code institutions. This paper focuses on five institutions and their effectiveness in dealing with cheating, specifically among engineering or pre-engineering students. The authors' goal is to provide greater understanding of what institutional approaches appear to be most effective in minimizing cheating among this specific sub-group. The paper presents a predictive model of the extent of cheating among engineering students at these institutions using a variety of variables, including …

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Damage Accumulation Under Repeated Reverse Stressing Of Sn-Ag Solder Joints, Katherine C. Chen, A. Telang, J. G. Lee, K. N. Subramanian Nov 2002

Damage Accumulation Under Repeated Reverse Stressing Of Sn-Ag Solder Joints, Katherine C. Chen, A. Telang, J. G. Lee, K. N. Subramanian

Materials Engineering

To better understand the effect of repeated reverse stress in solder joints, a new testing method was developed. Tin-silver solder joints were fabricated, constrained between Cu blocks, and then subjected to repeated shear loading in a tensile tester. Constant strain amplitudes were applied to simulate service conditions. However, large loads were used to accelerate the damage accumulation. Microstructural features of the damage were very similar to those found with studies on thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) of small, single shear lap samples. Concentrated-shear banding or striations were observed to form along Sn dendrites. The load behavior of the solder with each cycle …

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Fatigue Thresholds Of Cracks Resulting From Impact Damage To Γ-Tial, Trevor S. Harding, J. Wayne Jones Sep 2002

Fatigue Thresholds Of Cracks Resulting From Impact Damage To Γ-Tial, Trevor S. Harding, J. Wayne Jones

Materials Engineering

Significant research has been conducted in recent years on the γ-based titanium aluminide alloys. The low density of γ-TiAl relative to current nickel-based superalloys, has made it an attractive candidate for use in the low-pressure turbine blades of gas turbine engines . In addition to weight savings, the lower density leads to higher specific stiffness and good high temperature strength retention [1, 2 and 3]. However, the ordered crystal structure, typical of intermetallics, leads to inherently low room temperature ductility and fracture toughness. This raises serious concerns about the ability of this material to resist the formation of cracks at …

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Suggestions For Establishing Centers For Engineering Education, Trevor S. Harding, Cynthia J. Finelli Jun 2002

Suggestions For Establishing Centers For Engineering Education, Trevor S. Harding, Cynthia J. Finelli

Materials Engineering

No abstract provided.

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P.A.C.E.S. - A Study On Academic Integrity Among Engineering Undergraduates (Preliminary Conclusions), Donald D. Carpenter, Trevor S. Harding, Susan M. Montgomery, Nicholas H. Steneck Jun 2002

P.A.C.E.S. - A Study On Academic Integrity Among Engineering Undergraduates (Preliminary Conclusions), Donald D. Carpenter, Trevor S. Harding, Susan M. Montgomery, Nicholas H. Steneck

Materials Engineering

Student academic dishonesty, commonly referred to as cheating, has become a serious problem at institutions of higher education. This is particularly true of engineering students who, according to previous research, are among the most likely to cheat in college. To investigate this concern, the authors have undertaken a research project on the Perceptions and Attitudes toward Cheating among Engineering Students (P.A.C.E.S.). The premise of this research is that a combination of pressures, rather than malicious motivations, account for most student cheating. The P.A.C.E.S study consists of a seven page, self-reported survey that investigates: (1) student definitions of academic dishonesty; (2) …

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Integrating Manufacturing, Design And Teamwork Into A Materials And Process Selection Course, Trevor S. Harding, G. Y. Lai, B. L. Tuttle, C. V. White Jun 2002

Integrating Manufacturing, Design And Teamwork Into A Materials And Process Selection Course, Trevor S. Harding, G. Y. Lai, B. L. Tuttle, C. V. White

Materials Engineering

No abstract provided.

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The Effect Of Alloying On The Properties Of (Nb, Ti)Cr2 C15 Laves Phases, Dan J. Thoma, K. A. Nibur, Katherine C. Chen, J. C. Cooley, L. B. Dauelsberg, W. L. Hults, Paul G. Kotula Jun 2002

The Effect Of Alloying On The Properties Of (Nb, Ti)Cr2 C15 Laves Phases, Dan J. Thoma, K. A. Nibur, Katherine C. Chen, J. C. Cooley, L. B. Dauelsberg, W. L. Hults, Paul G. Kotula

Materials Engineering

The effect of composition on the ternary (NbCr2–TiCr2) C15 phase properties has been investigated, focusing upon the defect structure, elastic properties, and mechanical behavior. The C15 phase field is continuous between NbCr2–TiCr2, with a maximum phase field width of at least 7 at.% solubility. The defect mechanism is governed by anti-site constitutional defects for all alloys. Mechanically, the alloys display a maximum in hardness in the center of the ternary phase field (and a minimum of toughness). The ternary phase field has features that are characteristic of solid-solution strengthening mechanisms. …

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Phase Changes In Ni-Ti Under Laser Shock Loading, R. E. Hackenberg, D. C. Swift, J. C. Cooley, Katherine C. Chen, D. J. Thoma, D. L. Paisley, A. Hauer May 2002

Phase Changes In Ni-Ti Under Laser Shock Loading, R. E. Hackenberg, D. C. Swift, J. C. Cooley, Katherine C. Chen, D. J. Thoma, D. L. Paisley, A. Hauer

Materials Engineering

Near-equiatomic Ni-Ti, known for its shape memory behavior, can decompose to martensitic phases and/or second phase compounds. This phase competition is investigated in NixTi100-x (494Ti3 but no martensite in the AQ state, consistent with resistivity and dilatometry results which showed no hysteresis indicative of first order phase changes over 1.9 K4Ti3 amounts (present in the AQ state) did change upon loading, indicating the importance of shock-induced heating. A thermodynamically complete equation of state (EOS) for NiTi in its B2 (CsCl) structure was generated by ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. This was tested by …

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Evaluation Of A Threshold-Based Model Of The Elevated-Temperature Fatique Of Impact-Damaged Γ-Tial, Trevor S. Harding, J. Wayne Jones Dec 2001

Evaluation Of A Threshold-Based Model Of The Elevated-Temperature Fatique Of Impact-Damaged Γ-Tial, Trevor S. Harding, J. Wayne Jones

Materials Engineering

Step-loading fatigue tests have been conducted on two γ-TiAl alloys with differing microstructures following quasi-static indentations intended to simulate assembly-related impact damage to low-pressure turbine blades. Fatigue tests were conducted at 600 °C using computer-controlled servohydraulic loading at a frequency of 20 Hz. Reasonably good agreement was achieved between the fatigue data and calculated fatigue strength based on the fatigue threshold and measured impact severity. In certain cases, the fatigue threshold model fails to completely describe the data. These discrepancies may be related to residual stresses, variations in crack-shape morphology, and small-crack effects. Residual stresses could not be directly measured, …

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The Current State Of Research On Academic Dishonesty Among Engineering Students, Trevor S. Harding, Donald D. Carpenter, Susan M. Montgomery, Nicholas H. Steneck Oct 2001

The Current State Of Research On Academic Dishonesty Among Engineering Students, Trevor S. Harding, Donald D. Carpenter, Susan M. Montgomery, Nicholas H. Steneck

Materials Engineering

Academic dishonesty, or cheating, has become a serious problem at colleges and universities. This is particularly true of engineering students who, are among the most likely to cheat in college. The present paper reviews the literature as a basis of broadly understanding academic dishonesty. This discussion focuses on three primary issues: (1) perceptions of and attitudes towards cheating, (2) reasons for student cheating, and (3) methods of promoting academic integrity. A current research project being developed by the authors is also discussed. The premise of this research is that students are constantly making ethical judgements between the pressure to cheat …

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Hfco2 Laves Phas Intermetallics - Part I: Solubility Limits And Defect Mechanisms, Katherine C. Chen, Eric J. Peterson, Dan J. Thoma Sep 2001

Hfco2 Laves Phas Intermetallics - Part I: Solubility Limits And Defect Mechanisms, Katherine C. Chen, Eric J. Peterson, Dan J. Thoma

Materials Engineering

Solubility limits and constitutional defects in Laves phase intermetallics are investigated with the C15 HfCo2 system. Several binary alloy compositions based on HfCo2 are characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron microprobe analysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and density measurements. Rietveld refinements of XRD scans are used to determine lattice constants, anisotropic strain parameters, and atomic occupancies. Compositional trends are compared against predicted or calculated trends due to an anti-site substitution or vacancy defect mechanism. Geometric models and atomic size factors are used to establish solubility limits and to give insight into defect mechanisms. Results from …

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Hfco2 Laves Phase Intermetallics - Part Ii: Elastic And Mechanical Properties As A Function Of Composition, Katherine C. Chen, Fuming Chu, Paul G. Kotula, Dan Thoma Sep 2001

Hfco2 Laves Phase Intermetallics - Part Ii: Elastic And Mechanical Properties As A Function Of Composition, Katherine C. Chen, Fuming Chu, Paul G. Kotula, Dan Thoma

Materials Engineering

In efforts to establish and understand structure–property relationships in Laves phase intermetallics, elastic and mechanical properties are studied as a function of composition in the C15 HfCo2 system. Elastic constants and Debye temperatures are determined by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) at room temperature. A maximum near the stoichiometric Laves composition is revealed with the Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and Poisson's ratio. In addition, a slight drop in shear modulus is found with Co-rich compositions, and the Debye temperature increases with Co-content. Room temperature Vickers indentation is performed to assess the microhardness and fracture toughness of the HfCo2 alloys. …

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Asee Student Chapters: From Student Members To Faculty, Jennifer Kadlowec, Kurt Degoede, Trevor S. Harding, Christian Lorenz Jun 2001

Asee Student Chapters: From Student Members To Faculty, Jennifer Kadlowec, Kurt Degoede, Trevor S. Harding, Christian Lorenz

Materials Engineering

The University of Michigan Student Chapter of the American Society for Engineering Education has grown from a small core group of founding members, who organized panel discussions for the graduate student community, into a flourishing student organization, which continues to grow in membership and events. The purpose of this paper is to promote graduate student chapters of the ASEE and demonstrate the positive impact that student member participation has had, particularly for those who have recently entered academia. Many events and activities of the University of Michigan Student Chapter of the American Society for Engineering Education (UM-ASEE Student Chapter) will …

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The Foundation Series On Corrosion: Integrating Science, Math, Engineering & Technology In A Lab Setting, Linda Vanasupa, Heather Smith, Blair London, Katherine C. Chen, David Niebuhr, Lanny Griffin, Jeff Jones Jun 2001

The Foundation Series On Corrosion: Integrating Science, Math, Engineering & Technology In A Lab Setting, Linda Vanasupa, Heather Smith, Blair London, Katherine C. Chen, David Niebuhr, Lanny Griffin, Jeff Jones

Materials Engineering

We have developed a laboratory module focusing on the subject of corrosion. The module itself is designed to be completed in one three-hour session. It consists of three parts: I. The Impact of Corrosion Media, II. The Impact of Corroding Materials, III. The Impact of Anode/Cathode Sizes. Our objectives in developing this module were to address the need for clear bridges between math, science and technology in the engineering curriculum and to provide a means of faculty development primarily at community colleges. As a result, it was designed to allow the engineering student to experience the synergy of science, math …

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Useful Approaches To Preventing Academic Dishonesty In The Classroom, Trevor S. Harding Jun 2001

Useful Approaches To Preventing Academic Dishonesty In The Classroom, Trevor S. Harding

Materials Engineering

Over the past three decades, academic dishonesty (a.k.a. cheating) has become an increasingly common occurrence among college-aged students, and engineering students are known to be among the most frequent culprits. At most universities, cheating is dealt with after the fact. Few institutions go beyond drafting an academic integrity policy to prevent cheating before it happens. The same situation exists in the classroom. The majority of college professors report doing little or nothing to reduce the frequency of cheating in their classes, usually because of a lack of awareness of its occurrence. And when cheating is observed, faculty overwhelmingly choose to …

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On The Frequency And Causes Of Academic Dishonesty Among Engineering Students, Trevor S. Harding Jun 2001

On The Frequency And Causes Of Academic Dishonesty Among Engineering Students, Trevor S. Harding

Materials Engineering

According to studies of self-reported academic dishonesty conducted over time, cheating among college students has been on the increase since at least the 1940’s. This is especially true for engineering students who are now among the most likely to cheat compared to other disciplines. This paper will present a synopsis of the literature on academic dishonesty. In addition, the results of a pilot study on cheating among engineering students conducted at a small mid-western private engineering school are described. Engineering students in an introductory engineering materials course were asked to complete a survey on their perceptions of cheating; therefore, all …

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Plasma Deposition Of Spin Chucks To Reduce Contamination Of Silicon Wafers, Richard N. Savage, Emir Gurer, Ed C. Lee Jun 2001

Plasma Deposition Of Spin Chucks To Reduce Contamination Of Silicon Wafers, Richard N. Savage, Emir Gurer, Ed C. Lee

Materials Engineering

An apparatus for delivering a fluidic media to a wafer includes a housing defining a process chamber. A fluidic media delivery member is coupled to the process chamber. A rotatable chuck is positioned in the process chamber. The rotatable chuck has a wafer support surface coated with a coating material. A vacuum supply line is coupled to the rotatable chuck.

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Heat Treatment Of Gamma Titanium Aluminide Alloys, Thomas J. Kelly, Michael J. Weimer, Curtiss M. Austin, Blair London, Donald E. Larson Jr., Dean A. Wheeler May 2001

Heat Treatment Of Gamma Titanium Aluminide Alloys, Thomas J. Kelly, Michael J. Weimer, Curtiss M. Austin, Blair London, Donald E. Larson Jr., Dean A. Wheeler

Materials Engineering

A gamma titanium aluminide alloy article, is prepared using a piece of a gamma titanium aluminide alloy having a composition capable of forming alpha, alpha-2, and gamma phases. The alpha transus temperature of the gamma titanium aluminide alloy piece is determined. The gamma titanium aluminide alloy piece is consolidated by hot isostatic pressing at a temperature of from about 50 F. to about 250 F. below the alpha transus temperature and at a pressure of from about 10,000 to about 30,000 pounds per square inch, for a duration of from about 1 to about 20 hours. The piece is heat …

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Method And Apparatus For Adaptive Process Control Of Critical Dimensions During Spin Coating Process, Richard N. Savage, Emir Gurer Jan 2001

Method And Apparatus For Adaptive Process Control Of Critical Dimensions During Spin Coating Process, Richard N. Savage, Emir Gurer

Materials Engineering

A spin coating process for controlling the mean thickness of photoresist on the surface of a semiconductor wafer. The wafer surface has a central axis normal to the surface. The process comprises the steps of applying the solution to the wafer surface and spinning the wafer about the central axis at a spindle speed until the solution has dried. The spindle speed is a function of the desired mean thickness of the photoresist, the barometric pressure and the relative humidity. The spindle speed is determined from a statistical model described by the equation: MT=A+BxRH+CxBP+D/SS1/2 wherein: MT is mean thickness …

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Cheating: Student Attitudes And Practical Approachs To Dealing With It, Trevor S. Harding Oct 2000

Cheating: Student Attitudes And Practical Approachs To Dealing With It, Trevor S. Harding

Materials Engineering

The preliminary results of educational research conducted at Kettering University is described in which students in an introductory engineering materials course (MFGE-370) were asked to complete a survey on their perceptions of cheating. The overall objective of the research was to determine those things students believed constituted cheating, the frequency to which they cheat and their attitudes about what steps could be taken to curtail cheating within a course. Practical approaches to effectively dealing with cheating are also discussed including using learning objectives for writing fair tests, promoting group work through cooperative learning teams, holding review sessions before tests and …

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