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Articles 91 - 120 of 220
Full-Text Articles in Materials Science and Engineering
Characterization Of Dispersion And Residual Stress In Nanoparticle Reinforced Hybrid Carbon Fiber Composites, Alex Selimov
Characterization Of Dispersion And Residual Stress In Nanoparticle Reinforced Hybrid Carbon Fiber Composites, Alex Selimov
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Hybrid carbon fiber reinforced composites are a new breed of materials that are currently being explored and characterized for next generation aerospace applications. Through the introduction of secondary reinforcements, such as alumina nanoparticles, hybrid properties including improved mechanical properties and stress sensing capabilities can be achieved. In order to maximize these properties, it is necessary to achieve a homogeneous dispersion of particulate filler. Utilizing the photoluminescent properties of alumina, it is possible to compare local levels of particle concentration through emission intensities as a way to determine the effectiveness of the tested manufacturing parameters in increasing material homogeneity. Parameters of …
Stress-Induced Phase Change Sintering: A Novel Approach To The Fabrication Of Barium Chloride Transparent Ceramic Scintillators, William Shoulders
Stress-Induced Phase Change Sintering: A Novel Approach To The Fabrication Of Barium Chloride Transparent Ceramic Scintillators, William Shoulders
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
For the precise in-field identification of dangerous radioisotopes, the desire for higher resolution, cheaper, and more rugged gamma-ray scintillator detectors has pushed the materials science community to investigate new compounds and processing techniques. One particular solution is Eu:BaCl2 transparent ceramics processed by the novel phase-change sintering technique. Typically, optical transparency in BaCl2 would be limited by birefringence scattering at grain boundaries due to mismatch in refractive index. Traditional ceramic processing routes would also predispose this volatile and hygroscopic material to the formation of defects, which interrupt the energy transfer in the scintillation process. Literature shows that these challenges have prevented …
Interdiffusion, Crystallography And Mechanical Properties Of Nickel Manganese Gallium Alloys, Le Zhou
Interdiffusion, Crystallography And Mechanical Properties Of Nickel Manganese Gallium Alloys, Le Zhou
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
NiMnGa Heusler alloys, functioning as either ferromagnetic shape memory alloys or mangetocaloric materials, have both practical applications and fundamental research value. The functional properties of NiMnGa alloys are closely related to the martensitic transformation from high temperature austenitic phase to low temperature martensitic phase. Alloys can be used for room temperature or high temperature applications, depending on the martensitic transformation temperature, which is compositional sensitive. The microstructure and crystallography of the martensites can be very complex but are crucial to the optimization of the material performance. In this study, for the first time, a combinatorial study by combining solid-to-solid diffusion …
Nanoengineered Energy Harvesting And Storage Devices, Chao Li
Nanoengineered Energy Harvesting And Storage Devices, Chao Li
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Organic and perovskite solar cells have recently attracted significant attention due to its flexibility, ease of fabrication and excellent performance. In order to realize even better performance for organic and perovskite solar cells, rejuvenated effort towards developing nanostructured electrodes and high quality active layer is necessary. In this dissertation, several strategic directions of enhancing the performance of organic and perovskite solar cells are investigated. An introduction and background of organic and perovskite solar cells, which includes motivation, classification and working principles, nanostructured electrode materials and solvent effect on active materials, and devices fabrication, are presented. A facile method, called Spin-on …
Electrical Properties Of Polymer-Derived Silicoaluminum Carboxide Ceramics (Sialco) And Their Applications In Micro-Sensors, Yejie Cao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) is a new kind of material which is directly synthesized by the thermal decomposition of polymer precursors. Due to their unique structure, which consists of the amorphous matrix phase and free-carbon phase, PDCs exhibit many distinguished properties even at high-temperature environment such as oxidation and creep resistance, amorphous semiconducting behavior as well as piezoresistive behavior. These outstanding properties make PDCs become promising candidates for various applications especially for high-temperature microsensors. However, most common used PDCs in the market now are SiC, SiCN and Si(M)CN ceramics, the high price and toxicity of their raw materials as well as …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Stable And Metastable Phases In Ni- And Fe-Based Alloy Systems By Mechanical Alloying, Ahmed Al-Joubori
Synthesis And Characterization Of Stable And Metastable Phases In Ni- And Fe-Based Alloy Systems By Mechanical Alloying, Ahmed Al-Joubori
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mechanical Alloying (MA) is a process that involves repeated cold welding, fracturing and rewelding of powder particles in a high-energy ball mill and has been used extensively to synthesize both stable (equilibrium) and metastable phases in a number of alloy systems. This is due to its ability to achieve many effects simultaneously, viz., reduction in grain size, introduction of a variety of crystal defects, disordering of the lattice, and modifying the crystal structures of materials; all these allowing alloying and phase transformations to occur in powders. In this Dissertation, we have synthesized a number of different alloy phases in Ni- …
A Study Of Crystallization Behavior In Phase Separated Chalcogenide Glasses, Andrew Buff
A Study Of Crystallization Behavior In Phase Separated Chalcogenide Glasses, Andrew Buff
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Chalcogenide glasses (ChG) are known for their wide transmission ranges in the infrared and for their high refractive indices. However, applications for ChG are often limited by their poor thermal/mechanical properties. Precipitating a secondary crystalline phase in the glass matrix can improve these properties, but too much crystallization and/or large or multiple phase crystallites can lead to a loss in infrared (IR) transmission. Controlled crystallization can be used to tune the properties of these glasses. This work examines the crystallization behavior in phase separated chalcogenide glasses in the GeSe2-As2Se3-PbSe glass system. Specifically, the research presented in this thesis work has …
Fabrication And Investigation Of An Enzyme-Free, Nanoparticle-Based Biosensor For Hydrogen Peroxide Determination, Craig Neal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Electrochemical biosensors often employ enzymes as detection elements. These sensors are highly selective towards target analytes, however the scope of their application is limited by the poor stability of the enzyme. In this study, multi-valent inorganic cerium oxide nanoparticles were used as detection elements for the analysis of hydrogen peroxide. The electrochemical response of the cerium oxide towards hydrogen peroxide analyte is defined through cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. This response was found to be dependent on nanoparticle Ce3+:Ce4+ redox state ratio and this property is exploited to fabricate a biosensor. As produced, the biosensor demonstrated sensitivity at picomolar analyte concentrations. …
Nanoarchitectured Energy Storage Devices, Zenan Yu
Nanoarchitectured Energy Storage Devices, Zenan Yu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Supercapacitors, the devices that connect the gap between batteries and conventional capacitors, have recently attracted significant attention due to their high specific capacitance, substantially enhanced power and energy densities, and extraordinary cycle life. In order to realize even better performance with supercapacitors, rejuvenated effort towards developing nanostructured electrodes is necessary. In this dissertation, several strategic directions of nanoarchitecturing the electrodes to enhance the performance of supercapacitors are investigated. An introduction and background of supercapacitors, which includes motivation, classification and working principles, recent nanostructured electrode materials studies, and devices fabrication, are initially presented. A facile method, called Spin-on Nanoprinting (SNAP), to …
Adsorption Behaviour Of Polyacrylic Acid On Cerium Oxide Nanostructures: Experimental And Predictive Model, Ali Haghighat Mesbahi
Adsorption Behaviour Of Polyacrylic Acid On Cerium Oxide Nanostructures: Experimental And Predictive Model, Ali Haghighat Mesbahi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cerium oxide-based slurries are crucial for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) in electronic industry. For these slurry systems, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is heavily utilized to provide colloidal stability. Some of the important parameters in the colloid stability are molecular weight (MW) and concentration of stabilizer, size of the nanoparticle in the slurry and the pH of system. By determining the colloidal stability of a discrete number of slurry formulations and relating these to certain slurry component parameters, a possible model can be produced to predict the influence of these parameters on the particle stability. Direct quantification of colloidal stability is difficult, …
Porosity Removal Of Cm247 Ni-Base Superalloy Using Thermal Heat Treatment Without Applied Pressure, Chad Heinrich
Porosity Removal Of Cm247 Ni-Base Superalloy Using Thermal Heat Treatment Without Applied Pressure, Chad Heinrich
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Blade and vane components made with Ni-base superalloys play a vital role in hot section of gas turbine engines. Removal of porosity in cast Ni-base superalloys is a critical process consideration since porosity from casting process can have deleterious effects on the performance and integrity of superalloy component. Still, the cost-efficient processing of Ni-base superalloys that are technologically acceptable, or superior, can contribute significantly to the life-cycle cost of gas turbine engines. The purpose of this thesis was to explore the possibility of eliminating the hot isostatic pressing cycle in a CM247 Ni-base superalloy processing. For cast CM247, conventional processing …
Phase Transformations And Microstructural Evolution In The U-10 Wt.% Mo Alloy With Various Zr Additions At 900c And 650c, Nicholas Eriksson
Phase Transformations And Microstructural Evolution In The U-10 Wt.% Mo Alloy With Various Zr Additions At 900c And 650c, Nicholas Eriksson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactor (RERTR) now known as the Material Minimization and Management Reactor Control program (MMMRC) seeks to replace the use of highly enriched uranium (HEU) fuels used in research and test nuclear reactors around the world. The low enriched uranium (LEU) fuels must have fissionable uranium densities comparable to the HEU fuels. After extensive investigation by various researchers around the world, the U-Mo alloys were selected as a promising candidate. The Mo alloyed with U allows for the stabilization of the face-centered cubic ?-U phase, which demonstrated favorable irradiation behavior. However, deleterious diffusional interaction …
Real Time Monitoring Of Cell-Nanoparticles Interaction And Tracking Internalization Process By Mechanical Probing Using Atomic Force Microscopy, Anh Ly
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
With extensive development of nanotechnology in last few years, scientists have discovered that nanoparticles (NPs) can be used as an efficient Drug Delivery System (DOS). In order to develop better NPs based drug delivery tool, it is imperative to understand the interaction between the NPs and the cell membrane. In our earlier studies, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) have been reported to have therapeutic properties, specifically against abnormalities associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, CNPs with different sizes and morphology were selected to understand the interaction with cell. We analyzed the mechanical property of human nasal septum tumor cells membranes using Atomic …
An Uncooled Mid-Wave Infrared Detector Based On Optical Response Of Laser-Doped Silicon Carbide., Geunsik Lim
An Uncooled Mid-Wave Infrared Detector Based On Optical Response Of Laser-Doped Silicon Carbide., Geunsik Lim
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on an uncooled Mid-Wave Infra-Red (MWIR) detector was developed by doping an n-type 4H-SiC with Ga using the laser doping technique. 4H-SiC is one of the polytypes of crystalline silicon carbide, a wide bandgap semiconductor. The dopant creates an energy level of 0.30 eV, which was confirmed by optical spectroscopy of the doped sample. This energy level corresponds to the MWIR wavelength of 4.21 µm. The detection mechanism is based on the photoexcitation of electrons by the photons of this wavelength absorbed in the semiconductor. This process modifies the electron density, which changes the refraction index and, …
Electroplated Micro- And Nanoscale Structures For Emitters And Sensors, Xiaochen Wang
Electroplated Micro- And Nanoscale Structures For Emitters And Sensors, Xiaochen Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the electroplating process, dissolved metal cations are reduced by electrical current to a form a coherent metal coating on an electrode. Therefore, electroplating is primarily applied to modify the surface properties of an object (e.g. abrasion and wear resistance, corrosion protection, lubricity, aesthetic qualities, etc.), but also be applied to build up high aspect ratio structures on undersized parts or to form devices by electroforming. Compared with other common MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) metal device fabrication techniques, such as vapor depositions, electroplating has several outstanding advantages. First, the fabrication process is cost-efficient because electroplating process can be set up easily …
Microstructure And Chemistry Evaluation Of Direct Metal Laser Sintered 15-5 Ph Stainless Steel, Kevin Coffy
Microstructure And Chemistry Evaluation Of Direct Metal Laser Sintered 15-5 Ph Stainless Steel, Kevin Coffy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
15-5PH stainless steel is an important alloy in the aerospace, chemical, and nuclear industries for its high strength and corrosion resistance at high temperature. Thus, this material is a good candidate for processing development in the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) branch of additive manufacturing. The chemistry and microstructure of this alloy processed via DMLS was compared to its conventionally cast counterpart through various heat treatments as part of a characterization effort. The investigation utilized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) and glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (GDS) …
Graphene Oxide Reinforcement In Plasma Sprayed Nickel-5%Aluminum Coatings, David Ward
Graphene Oxide Reinforcement In Plasma Sprayed Nickel-5%Aluminum Coatings, David Ward
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Metallic plasma sprayed coatings are widely used in the aerospace industry for repair on worn engine components. However, the inherent defects in these coatings limit the variety of repairs and reduce the service life of the repaired parts. A potential solution to overcome this problem is to mix small amounts of inexpensive graphene oxide in the powder feedstock. The incredible strength to weight ratio of graphene oxide makes it a viable additive to improve mechanical properties of metallic plasma sprayed coatings. The powder system chosen for this research is Nickel-5Aluminum since it is a common coating for such repairs. The …
Processing And Characterization Of Multifunctional Thermoplastic Nanocomposite Films, Xin Wang
Processing And Characterization Of Multifunctional Thermoplastic Nanocomposite Films, Xin Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nanoparticles reinforced polymer composite films have been widely studied for their enhanced mechanical, electrical and thermal properties compared with host polymer matrix. However, most research was conducted on incorporation of nanoparticles in polymer films to improve single property and there is a lack of research on the multifunctional polymer nanocomposite films. In this work, a scalable and continuous spray deposition process was developed for the production of nanoparticles reinforced multifunctional thermoplastic nanocomposite films. This process is capable of making a thin sheet of thermoplastic nanocomposites with high nanoparticle loadings. The smallest thickness can be 40um. The objective of this study …
Processing And Characterization Of Continuous Basalt Fiber Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites Using Polymer Derived Ceramics, Sarah Cox
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The need for high performance vehicles in the aerospace industry requires materials which can withstand high loads and high temperatures. New developments in launch pads and infrastructure must also be made to handle this intense environment with lightweight, reusable, structural materials. By using more functional materials, better performance can be seen in the launch environment, and launch vehicle designs which have not been previously used can be considered. The development of high temperature structural composite materials has been very limited due to the high cost of the materials and the processing needed. Polymer matrix composites can be used for temperatures …
Non-Oxide Porous Ceramics From Polymer Precursor, Xueping Yang
Non-Oxide Porous Ceramics From Polymer Precursor, Xueping Yang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Non-oxide porous ceramics exhibit many unique and superior properties, such as better high-temperature stability, improved chemical inertness/corrosive resistance, as well as wide band-gap semiconducting behavior, which lead to numerous potential applications in catalysis, high temperature electronic and photonic devices, and micro-electromechanical systems. Currently, most mesoporous non-oxide ceramics (e.g. SiC) are formed by two-step templating methods, which are hard to adjust the pore sizes, and require a harmful etching step or a high temperature treatment to remove the templates. In this dissertation, we report a novel technique for synthesizing hierarchically mesoporous non-oxide SiC ceramic from a block copolymer precursor. The copolymer …
X-Ray Scattering Investigations Of Metallic Thin Films, Andrew Warren
X-Ray Scattering Investigations Of Metallic Thin Films, Andrew Warren
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nanometric thin films are used widely throughout various industries and for various applications. Metallic thin films, specifically, are relied upon extensively in the microelectronics industry, among others. For example, alloy thin films are being investigated for CMOS applications, tungsten films find uses as contacts and diffusion barriers, and copper is used often as interconnect material. Appropriate metrology methods must therefore be used to characterize the physical properties of these films. Xray scattering experiments are well suited for the investigation of nano-scaled systems, and are the focus of this doctoral dissertation. Emphasis is placed on (1) phase identification of polycrystalline thin …
Development And Characterization Of Nanoparticlee Enhancements In Pyrolysis-Derived High Temperature Composites, James Mckee
Development And Characterization Of Nanoparticlee Enhancements In Pyrolysis-Derived High Temperature Composites, James Mckee
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Thermal protection systems, which are commonly used to protect spacecraft during atmospheric entry, have traditionally been made of materials which are traditionally high in manufacturing costs for both the materials needed and the manufacturing complexity, such as carbon-carbon composites and aerogels. [1] In addition to their manufacturing costs, these materials are also limited in their strength, such as PICA, in a way that necessitate the use of tiles as opposed to single structures because they are not capable of supporting larger structures. [2] The limitations of polymer reinforced composites have limited their entry into these applications, except for pyrolyzed composite …
Development Of Polymer Derived Sialcn Ceramic And Its Applications For High-Temperature Sensors, Gang Shao
Development Of Polymer Derived Sialcn Ceramic And Its Applications For High-Temperature Sensors, Gang Shao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) is the name for a class of materials synthesized by thermal decomposition of polymeric precursors which excellent thermomechanical properties, such as high thermal stability, high oxidation/corrosion resistance and high temperature multifunctionalities. Direct polymer-to-ceramic processing routes of PDCs allow easier fabrication into various components/devices with complex shapes/structures. Due to these unique properties, PDCs are considered as promising candidates for making high-temperature sensors for harsh environment applications, including high temperatures, high stress, corrosive species and/or radiation. The SiAlCN ceramics were synthesized using the liquid precursor of polysilazane (HTT1800) and aluminum-sec-tri-butoxide (ASB) as starting materials and dicumyl peroxide (DP) as …
Barium Based Halide Scintillator Ceramics For Gamma Ray Detection, William Shoulders
Barium Based Halide Scintillator Ceramics For Gamma Ray Detection, William Shoulders
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As our understanding of ceramic processing methods for the purpose of fabricating polycrystalline optical materials has increased over the past few decades, the race is on to bring ceramic technology to markets where single crystalline materials have traditionally been used. One such market is scintillators. This Master’s thesis focuses specifically on a class of materials attractive for use as gamma-ray scintillators. These barium based halides can potentially be utilized in applications ranging from ionizing radiation detection in the field to high-energy physics experimentation. Barium bromide iodide and barium chloride single crystals have already showed high light yield, fast scintillation decay, …
Self-Assembled Two-Component Organic Tubes: Structures And Applications, Wenlang Liang
Self-Assembled Two-Component Organic Tubes: Structures And Applications, Wenlang Liang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Bile acids are physiologically important metabolites, which are synthesized in liver as the end products of cholesterol metabolism and then secreted into the intestines. They play a critical role in the digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins through emulsifications. The amphipathic and chiral nature of bile acids makes their unique building blocks for assembling supramolecular structures including vesicles, fibers, ribbons and hollow tubes. Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a secondary bile acid. Our studies show LCA can selfassemble into helical tubes in aqueous solution by the linear aggregation and fusion of vesicles. The objective of this dissertation is to …
Interdiffusion Study Of Mg-Aa6061 System, Mian Fu
Interdiffusion Study Of Mg-Aa6061 System, Mian Fu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Magnesium (Mg) is a light-weight metal that has extraordinary physical and chemical properties for many potential applications in automobile, military, and electronics. Aluminum alloys, because of its light-weight, high strength and corrosion resistance have a wide range of commercial applications. Given these two, sometime competing, alloy systems, there are now many applications where the metallurgical compatibility of Mg- and Al-alloys are required for engineering applications. One such case is the development of diffusion barrier for U-Mo metallic fuel in Al-alloy cladding, where Mg, with its complete immiscibility with U and Mo is being considered as the diffusion barrier. While negligible …
Novel Nanostructures And Processes For Enhanced Catalysis Of Composite Solid Propellants, Robert Draper
Novel Nanostructures And Processes For Enhanced Catalysis Of Composite Solid Propellants, Robert Draper
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to examine the burning behaviour of composite solid propellants (CSP) in the presence of nanoscale, heterogenous catalysts. The study targets the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) as a key component in the burning profile of these propellants, and seeks to identify parameters of AP decomposition reaction that can be affected by catalytic additives. The decomposition behavior of AP was studied in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in varying configurations, surface conditions, dopants, morphology, and synthesis parameters with the AP crystals. The catalytic nanoparticles were found to enhance the decomposition rate of the ammonium …
Scandia And Ceria Stabilized Zirconia Based Electrolytes And Anodes For Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Manufacturing And Properties, Yan Chen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mesoscale optical phenomena occur when light interacts with a number of different types of materials, such as biological and chemical systems and fabricated nanostructures. As a framework, mesoscale optics unifies the interpretations of the interaction of light with complex media when the outcome depends significantly upon the scale of the interaction. Most importantly, it guides the process of designing an optical sensing technique by focusing on the nature and amount of information that can be extracted from a measurement. Different aspects of mesoscale optics are addressed in this dissertation which led to the solution of a number of problems in …
The Study Of Photo-Reduction Of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles In Presence Of Dextran: An Attempt In Understanding The Functionality Of The System, Swetha Barkam
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Malignant melanoma cancer is the sixth common cancer diagnosed in the United States. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation are some of the successful techniques in killing tumor cells. However, in these techniques, it is not easy to distinguish tumor cells from the healthy once which inadvertently get exposed to chemical agent/radiation. Therefore it is required to develop an anticancer agent which selectively kills the cancer cells, while still protecting the normal tissues. In our preliminary work, we have shown that Dextran (1000Da) coated Cerium oxide nanoparticles (Dex-CNPs) selectively kills the cancer cells (50% killing at a concentration of 150μM) without inducing …
Tailoring The Properties Of Polyelectrolyte Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles As A Function Of Molecular Weight, Shashank Saraf
Tailoring The Properties Of Polyelectrolyte Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles As A Function Of Molecular Weight, Shashank Saraf
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The application of Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) for therapeutic purposes requires a stable dispersion of nanoparticles in biological environment. The objective of this study is to tailor the properties of polyelectrolyte coated CNPs as a function of molecular weight to achieve a stable and catalytic active dispersion. This was achieved by coating CNPs with polyacrylic acid (PAA) which increased the dispersion stability of CNPs and enhanced the catalytic ability. The stability of PAA coating was analysed using the change in the Gibbs free energy computed by Langmuir adsorption model. The adsorption isotherms were determined using soft particle electrokinetics which overcomes …