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Articles 31 - 60 of 220
Full-Text Articles in Materials Science and Engineering
Synchronous Raman Microspectroscopy And Laser Beam Induced Current Measurements As A Metrology Tool For Solar Cells And Optoelectronic Devices, Jeya Prakash Ganesan
Synchronous Raman Microspectroscopy And Laser Beam Induced Current Measurements As A Metrology Tool For Solar Cells And Optoelectronic Devices, Jeya Prakash Ganesan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
This works developed synchronous Raman microspectroscopy with laser beam induced current (LBIC) measurements to generate insights into structure-property correlations in finished solar cell modules. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful, non-destructive technique to examine phase and composition of materials where a laser beam excites characteristic vibrational modes of chemical bonds in a material. Conducting Raman spectroscopy under a microscope (i.e., Raman microspectroscopy) with confocal capabilities allows the chemical constituents to be mapped with high spatial resolution in the x, y and z directions. Simultaneously, the excitation laser from Raman can also generate photocarriers in a semiconductor. In a solar cell, these …
Davydov-Split Aggregates Of Cyanine Dyes For Bovine Serum Albumin Detection, Yiping Ma
Davydov-Split Aggregates Of Cyanine Dyes For Bovine Serum Albumin Detection, Yiping Ma
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
The p-conjugated supramolecular aggregates have gained significant interest in recent years. The cyanine dye aggregates are particularly interesting due to their unique optical and excitonic properties, which cannot be found in individual molecules. Cyanine dyes can form different kinds of aggregates. H-aggregates are formed when dye molecules are packed in a face-to-face fashion, which gives rise to a blue-shift absorption band and strong emission quenching compared to the monomer. J-aggregates are composed of individual dye molecules in a head-to-tail stacking, which leads to a red-shift absorption band and a sharp intense emission band with a small Stoke shift compared with …
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy And Ab Initio Study Of The Electrochemomechanical Effect Of Lithium Penetration In Electrolytes For All-Solid-State Batteries, Megan Diaz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Although the past twenty years have seen dramatic advancement in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), these batteries are nearing their theoretical limit. Next generation energy storage technologies must therefore be developed to meet the ever-increasing demands for batteries with higher capacity, longer cycle lifetime, and increased safety. All-solid-state lithium battery (ASSLIB) technology is one of the promising candidates. It is equipped with a solid-state electrolyte (SSE) replacing the flammable organic liquid electrolyte used in current LIBs. The SSE's high modulus is expected to prevent lithium dendrites and enables the use of a lithium metal anode to contribute to its high capacity without …
Influence Of Growth Parameters On The Synthesis Of Mos2 Films, Victor Okonkwo
Influence Of Growth Parameters On The Synthesis Of Mos2 Films, Victor Okonkwo
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Information processing is crucial in modern society, placing a great emphasis on the performance of optoelectronic devices to match ever increasing processing and memory needs. Within these devices, MoS2 has demonstrated great potential as transistors due to its enhanced electrostatic control. As increased layer thickness of quality MoS2 films have been shown to boost the performance of its transistors, growth parameters for the synthesis of ideally uniform and large area multilayered films via chemical vapor deposition were investigated. By increasing the flow pressure in the system and the growth time, increasing levels of thickness and nucleation density was …
Engineering The Electrode Properties For Developing High Performance Supercapacitors, Kowsik Sambath Kumar
Engineering The Electrode Properties For Developing High Performance Supercapacitors, Kowsik Sambath Kumar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Rising global warming concern demands the need for a rapid transition to renewable energy sources. The intermittent nature of these sources emphasizes the requirement of developing highly efficient electrochemical energy storage devices like supercapacitors and batteries. Supercapacitors are at the forefront of powering various devices spanning from electric cars to aircraft. Here, we have engineered the electrode material properties for developing supercapacitors with high capacitance, energy density and cycle life. Among the electrode materials, we have focused on improving the energy storage performance of 2D materials like graphene oxide (GO) and tungsten disulfide (WS2), in addition to metal oxides such …
Processing-Microstructure-Property Correlation For 316l Stainless Steel Manufactured By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Nathalia Diaz Vallejo
Processing-Microstructure-Property Correlation For 316l Stainless Steel Manufactured By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Nathalia Diaz Vallejo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
The microstructural development of 316L stainless steel (316L SS) was investigated over a wide range of systematically varied laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) parameters, such as laser power, laser scan speed, hatch distance, and volumetric energy density. The use of volumetric energy density between 46 and 127 J/mm3 produced samples with relative density above 99.8% demonstrating that even in the optimized range of processing parameters the pores are unavoidable. Shifting from this range through a variation of laser scan speed produced two types of flaws, lack of fusion (LoF) and keyhole (KH) porosity leading to a decrease in the relative …
From Field To Failure: Detecting And Understanding Reliability Defects In Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics, Dylan Colvin
From Field To Failure: Detecting And Understanding Reliability Defects In Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics, Dylan Colvin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Severe pollution levels and the growing influence of climate change have shown that dirty energy sources need renewable and sustainable replacements. The field of photovoltaics (PV) has grown substantially over the years from a niche space solar market to a commodity in large part due to improvements in reliability. Reliability of all materials in a PV module must be considered. The industry has seen an explosion of innovation in cell interconnection technologies with significant market penetration in the past several years. These emerging, less mature technologies require more reliability information to guide improvements. Degradation studies of long-term outdoor exposure and …
Designing Physical And Chemical Confinement In Lithium Sulfur Battery Cathode For Suppression Of Shuttle Effect, Saisaban Fahad
Designing Physical And Chemical Confinement In Lithium Sulfur Battery Cathode For Suppression Of Shuttle Effect, Saisaban Fahad
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs) are attracting attention as a next generation energy storage device because of their high energy density (2670WhKg-1), high specific capacity (1675 mAhg-1), low cost and environmental friendliness. However, there are several challenges that need to be overcome before LSBs can be implemented in general applications. This is due to the low electric conductivities of sulfur and lithium sulfide and large volume changes during charge/discharge cycling. Also, most importantly, the dissolution of lithium polysulfides into the electrolyte during cycling leads to capacity decay and low coulombic efficiency. Additionally, these lithium polysulfides can diffuse to the lithium anode …
Designing The Electrochemical Interface To Enable Lithium Metal Batteries, Supriya Koul
Designing The Electrochemical Interface To Enable Lithium Metal Batteries, Supriya Koul
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Although Li-ion battery is one of the most widely used energy storage devices, there have been extensive efforts to push its limit to meet the ever-increasing demands to improve its energy density for applications such as electric vehicles, portable electronics, and grid storages. Here, Li metal anode plays a key role in the next generation energy storage devices, ultimately enabling the anode-free configuration. However, there are major challenges that need to be overcome for a successful deployment of anode-free batteries. These include designing a competitive SEI, low Coulombic efficiency, and the formation of dendrites. To realize an effective anode-free configuration …
The Effect Of Heat Transfer On Microstructural Development For Inconel718 Nickel-Based Superalloy In Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Erica Drobner
The Effect Of Heat Transfer On Microstructural Development For Inconel718 Nickel-Based Superalloy In Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Erica Drobner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Inconel 718 (IN718) is a superalloy with excellent corrosion resistance and high temperature stability, giving rise to its popular use in the aerospace industry as well as other high performing applications. This study utilizes the relatively low conductivity of IN718 to focus in on the heat transfer procedures in which occur during the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) manufacturing process of metals. Cylindrical samples of constant geometry with varying dimensions of thermal supports were fabricated using a compatible IN718 build plate. As thermal support size increased, heat dissipation to the build plate consequently increased. Theoretically, this modification of heat transfer …
Structural Dynamics And Encapsulation Properties Of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles, Sachit Shah
Structural Dynamics And Encapsulation Properties Of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles, Sachit Shah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Charged therapeutics such as nucleic acids and proteins can treat a vast range of human diseases that are traditionally undruggable. Their broadness in treating disease is due to their ability to influence cellular function. However, their high charge density and physiological barriers such as enzymatic degradation, hinder the deliverability of these molecules to the sites of disease. Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) micelles are core-corona nanostructures that can encapsulate charged molecules and offer a platform for delivery. PECs form the core, when two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes are mixed in an aqueous solution, and the micelle corona is a neutral hydrophilic polymer that …
Using Peptide Design To Engineer Polyelectrolyte Complex Biomaterials, Sara Tabandeh
Using Peptide Design To Engineer Polyelectrolyte Complex Biomaterials, Sara Tabandeh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
The self-assembly of oppositely charged polymers provides a versatile platform to design materials for diverse applications in biology and medicine. Electrostatically-driven phase separation of oppositely charged polymers in aqueous solution gives rise to the formation of a polymer-rich phase called a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC). PECs can be in the form of liquid droplets (complex coacervates) or amorphous solid precipitates. Unlike synthetic polymers, peptides are good candidates for developing tailor-made formulations and structure-property relationships due to their biocompatibility, precise control over sequences, and ability to program hydrogen bonding interactions. However, little is known about the effect of combining additional molecular interactions …
Surface Engineering Of Cerium Oxide Nanocyrstal Dispersions: Colloidal Properties, Ageing Effects, & Electroanalysis, Craig Neal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Colloidal materials are highly diverse and present complex physicochemical properties which define their utilities in applications spanning diverse industries. In particular, nano-scale colloids have received tremendous attention due to their unique, specific activities as compared to larger-sized preparations. Within the biomedical sciences, nano-colloids are routinely used as inert carriers of therapeutics and/or diagnostic agents. Beyond this, researchers have developed functional colloids which demonstrate bio-active or diagnostic properties themselves: often related to an optimized, or tuned, surface character. Among these, nanoscale cerium oxide (nanoceria) has shown great promise as a bi-functional, therapeutic material: producing pro- or anti- oxidative chemical response in …
Atomic-Scale Simulation Of Dissipation And Adhesion During Interactions Between Mineral Surfaces, Baochi Doan
Atomic-Scale Simulation Of Dissipation And Adhesion During Interactions Between Mineral Surfaces, Baochi Doan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Adhesion and dissipation during surface interactions are important phenomena with wide applications in materials science, including cold-spray technology for additive manufacturing and stiction in MEMS (Mircro ElectroMechanical Systems). In planet formation theories, energy dissipation in collisions between mineral grains is important to the formation of dust-grain aggregates and planetesimals. Early contact mechanics theories such as Hertz and Johnson-Kendall-Roberts have laid theoretical foundations for understanding these phenomena. Recently, there are breakthroughs in using non-equilibrium thermodynamics methods to elucidate dissipation. For example, the Green-Kubo method can calculate transport coefficients based on the Fluctuation-Dissipation theorem, and Jarzynski equality can be used to determine …
Processing Of 3d Porous Biomaterial Scaffolds To Enhance The In Vitro Breast Cancer Tumor Microenvironment, Zi Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Tumors contain heterogeneous cell populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME). TME supports tumor progression and development via the function of multiple cell types and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. 3D porous biomaterial scaffolds can be a type of in vitro tumor models to mimic TME ECM. Current tumor models lack structural complexity replicating tumor ECM, tunable mechanical properties, and have limited mass exchange between cells and their microenvironment. In this work, we firstly developed scaffolds with a hierarchical pore structure via the Freeze-FRESH(FF) fabrication technique that combines 3D printing and freeze-casting. Later, we studied the effect of varying processing parameters and …
Solidification Cracking In Binary Al-Cu Alloys Additively Manufactured Through Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Keegan Muller
Solidification Cracking In Binary Al-Cu Alloys Additively Manufactured Through Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Keegan Muller
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing technique with growing relevance in industry. However, alloys with a high susceptibility to micro-cracking during solidification cannot be feasibly manufactured through LPBF, such as in selected high-strength Al-alloys. The cracking susceptibility (CS) of Al-alloys varies with composition, so modeling CS with respect to composition is crucial in designing compatible alloys for LPBF. In a theoretical modeling of solidification cracking based on the Scheil equation, the relative CS is taken as the maximum value of |dT/d(fs^1/2)| when solidification is near completion. However, experimental observations of the crack density in Al-alloys suggest that …
Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics And Organization Modulated By Macromolecular Crowding, Cation Interaction, And Nanomaterials, Jinho Park
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
The assembly of actin, the essential cytoskeleton protein, into filaments and bundles/networks is important in various cellular processes including cell movement and morphogenesis. Actin bundle formation occurs in crowded intracellular environments with the aid of actin-crosslinking proteins. The role of actin-crosslinking proteins such as fascin and a-actinin in bundle formation has been investigated, however, how intracellular environments affect actin crosslinker-induced bundle formation is unknown. In the first two parts of this dissertation, we explore the effects of macromolecular crowding and cation interactions on the organization and mechanics of actin crosslinker-induced bundles. To determine how changing environmental conditions modulate actin bundling, …
Uv-Ozone Oxide Treatments For High-Efficiency Silicon Photovoltaic Devices, Munan Gao
Uv-Ozone Oxide Treatments For High-Efficiency Silicon Photovoltaic Devices, Munan Gao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Fabrication of solar cells with higher efficiency, simpler processes and lower cost is largely perceived as the ultimate goal for photovoltaic research. To reach such a goal each step needs to be refined and optimized. In this dissertation, a UV-ozone treatment is proposed as a simple and versatile process that can be applied to multiple fabrication steps for improvement. The UV-ozone cleaning method provides comparable surface cleaning quality to more expensive and hazardous industrial standard RCA clean with less chemical used. A good passivation quality was achieved on both n-type and p-type silicon wafer by a silicon oxide/aluminum oxide passivation …
Microstructural Development Of Inconel 625 Nickel-Based Superalloy As Function Of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Parameters, Sofia Nucci
Microstructural Development Of Inconel 625 Nickel-Based Superalloy As Function Of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Parameters, Sofia Nucci
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Additive manufacturing (AM) allows fabrication of complex components with features that are impractical or impossible to achieve through conventional methods. Selective laser melting (SLM) powder bed fusion AM technology was selected for this study on Inconel 625, a widely utilized high-temperature alloy that is hard to machine. The present work investigates impact of laser power and scanning speed variations on the resulting characteristics of fabricated IN625 samples. Gas atomized metallic alloy powders were acquired and analyzed through laser diffraction to verify acceptable size distribution. Cubic samples were built with a range of laser scan speeds in 200 mm/s intervals for …
Cerium Oxide Based Nanocomposites For Supercapacitors, Aadithya Jeyaranjan
Cerium Oxide Based Nanocomposites For Supercapacitors, Aadithya Jeyaranjan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Access to clean, and sustainable energy is one of the biggest challenges of our generation. With the rapid growth of renewable energy harvesters, developing electrochemical energy storage devices (EEDs) that respond well to them is of significant interest. Supercapacitors are a class of EEDs with exceptional power densities and ultra-long cycle life. These properties make them an attractive candidate as a replacement, or to be used in combination with batteries and other EEDs. In this dissertation, nano cerium oxide (nano CeO2) based materials are examined as an active material for supercapacitor applications. The first part of this work details how …
Optimization Studies For The Gas Atomization And Selective Laser Melting Processes Of Al10simg Alloy, Sharon Park
Optimization Studies For The Gas Atomization And Selective Laser Melting Processes Of Al10simg Alloy, Sharon Park
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technology that can fabricate complex engineering components using a scanning laser beam to melt consecutive layers of powders with characteristics that significantly influence material properties. Present work investigates both the gas atomization and SLM processes for the Al10SiMg alloy with a focus on establishing the relationships among atomization parameters, powder characteristics, SLM parameters and materials properties. Al10SiMg alloy powders (Al-10wt.%Si-0.5wt.%Mg) were batch-produced through gas atomization by systematically varying the melt flow rate (0.012 - 0.037 kg/s), gas pressure (1.4 - 3.1 MPa), and melt temperature (850C -1000C). The highest yield of 80 …
The Reliability Of Through Glass Vias And Solder Joints For Three Dimensional Multi Functional Integrated Systems, Omar Ahmed
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Three-dimensional (3D) integration technologies, including interposer-based integration, are among the most promising solutions to meet the increased demand for high performance computing, high chip density, and small form factor. Key technologies that enable 3D integration include through-substrate vias and solder joints. Glass is considered as a promising substrate material for interposer-based 3D integration technology especially in radio frequency applications because of glass's high resistivity, low dielectric constant, low electrical loss, and the adjustable coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). However, during fabrication or service, through-glass vias can suffer from interface delamination and substrate cracking. The problem of copper protrusion is also …
Investigation Of Via Extrusion And The Effect Of Cap Layer For 3d Integrated Circuits, Golareh Jalilvand
Investigation Of Via Extrusion And The Effect Of Cap Layer For 3d Integrated Circuits, Golareh Jalilvand
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Copper (Cu) through-silicon via (TSV) is an essential structural and functional element in three-dimensional integration circuits (3D ICs), which offers substantial improvements in integration density, form factor, device performance, and power efficiency. However, Cu-filled TSVs are exposed to multiple thermal cycles during fabrication, test and operation, which lead to the development of considerable thermal stresses, in and around the vias, due to the large mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between Cu and silicon (Si). The stress subsequently raises reliability concerns, among which, via extrusion is an important one. Via extrusion can damage the adjacent components, in particular …
Enhancement Of Absorptance By Ultrafast Laser Pulse Shaping For Efficient Laser Processing Of Thin Polymers, Arifur Rahaman
Enhancement Of Absorptance By Ultrafast Laser Pulse Shaping For Efficient Laser Processing Of Thin Polymers, Arifur Rahaman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Ultrashort-pulsed lasers have been used for high precision processing of a wide range of materials including dielectrics, semiconductors, metals, and polymers/polymer composites, enabling numerous applications ranging from micromachining, photonics to life sciences. However, there are challenges when applying this technology in the industry, which requires scale and throughput different from lab use. The goal of this research is to understand how ultrafast laser pulses interact with thin polymers/polymer composite materials and develop a method that is efficient for ultrafast laser processing of these materials. It is a common practice in industrial applications to run the laser at a high repetition …
Integrating Graphene Into Polymer Derived Ceramics Towards The Development Of New Thermoelectric Materials, Elizabeth Barrios
Integrating Graphene Into Polymer Derived Ceramics Towards The Development Of New Thermoelectric Materials, Elizabeth Barrios
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) have been an enabling technology for the exploration of deep space since the dawn of the Space Age. Since its first deployment in a meteorological satellite in the late 1960's, RTGs have been used to provide solid-state, maintenance-free power to 27 American spacecraft and scientific instruments. While showing great success in the past, the future usage of thermoelectric devices is limited by the low operating efficiencies and the use of hazardous or expensive materials, limiting the use of thermoelectric technologies to niche applications such as space exploration. Current research efforts that address these disadvantages have focused …
Development Of 3d Porous Chitosan-Based Platform For In Vitro Culture, Kailei Xu
Development Of 3d Porous Chitosan-Based Platform For In Vitro Culture, Kailei Xu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have been widely used in biological research since two-dimensional (2D) cultures have many limitations including alteration of cell morphology, metabolic pathways and gene expression. Therefore, the application of 2D cell cultures in pharmaceutical companies for drug screening causes reproducibility issues in animal studies, which strongly influences the efficiency of drug development. The aim of my studies is to develop 3D cell culture models to better mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumor microenvironment, not only for deeper understanding of interaction between cells and ECM, but also for the application in drug screening. Three different compositions of …
Characterization Of Contact Resistance Properties Of Different Tlm Structure Designs, Nicole A. Karam Pannaci
Characterization Of Contact Resistance Properties Of Different Tlm Structure Designs, Nicole A. Karam Pannaci
Digital Repository: Showcase of Undergraduate Research Excellence
No abstract provided.
Non-Linear Inverse Liquid-Solid Chromatography As A Methodology To Characterize Drug Concentration Losses To Polymeric Materials Used In Body-On-A-Chip Devices For Drug Discovery, Mark Schnepper
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Body-on-a-chip and human-on-a-chip systems are currently being used to augment and could eventually replace animal models in drug discovery and basic biological research. However, hydrophobic molecules, especially therapeutic compounds, tend to adsorb to the polymer materials used to create these microfluidic platforms, which may distort the dose-response curves that feed into Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models which translate preclinical data into predictions of clinical outcomes. Adsorption of hydrophobic molecules to these polymer materials needs better characterization. Inverse Liquid-Solid Chromatography paired with a numerical optimization based on the Langmuir model of adsorption was used to characterize the adsorption isotherm parameters of selected drugs …
Development Of Facile Microfabrication Technologies For The Fabrication And Characterization Of Multimodal Impedimetric, Plasmonic, And Electrophysiological Biosensors, Cacie Hart
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
The objective of this dissertation was to develop novel methods of patterning inorganic and organic materials, develop biocompatibility evaluations, and subsequently apply these methods toward developing biosensors and lab-on-a-chip devices, such as Interdigitated Electrodes (IDEs) and Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) on non-traditional (such as nanostructured and plasmonic) polymer substrates or deploy these methods to enhance precision cellular placement on traditional (glass) MEA substrates. It was hypothesized that a combination of such facile microfabrication techniques and patterning technologies on traditional and non-traditional substrates would increase the sensitivity and selectivity of such sensor platforms by several orders of magnitude, and potentially introduce new …
Diffusion Of Fission Products In Nuclear Graphite, Kevin Graydon
Diffusion Of Fission Products In Nuclear Graphite, Kevin Graydon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
The next generation of nuclear reactors (Generation IV) are specified to use graphite as the choice material for neutron moderation and structural components. For this reason, study of diffusion behavior of the fission product, ruthenium (Ru), in the candidate graphite grades, POCO AXF-5Q & ZXF-5Q, IG-110, NBG-18 and PCEA, is necessary. Diffusion data for Ru in these grades is absent due to the lack of prior studies and this work aims to fill this void and begin the study of this metallic fission product's diffusion behavior. By utilizing physical vapor deposition (PVD), dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and the …