Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Ceramic Properties Of The Clays Of The Polo Gas Field, Clarence Arthur Lambelet

Masters Theses

"In Western and Northwestern Missouri there exist many natural gas fields of such limited size and of such great dispersion that it is not economical to utilize their products by the construction of pipe lines to consuming centers. Thus a large source of natural wealth is lying idle. This wealth could be utilized, however, if some manufacturing process requiring large amounts of fuel were located in the vicinity...The availability of fuel is the reason for interest in the area, though an investigation should be made to assure the quality and quantity of the fuel in any selected area. the adequacy …

Flotation Of The Oxidized Ores Of Zinc, Fred Henry Bunge

Masters Theses

"There is no satisfactory method of concentrating the finely disseminated oxide ores of zinc. Gravity methods of concentrating such ores may be used for coarsely crystalline materials in which the zinc material is free at approximately 10- to 35-mesh or coarser. In addition, gravity methods of concentration do not give a satisfactory separation on those ores in which the gangue mineral is small. As a result there is need for a method of beneficiating various deposits of oxidized zinc ores. The two commercially important oxidized zinc minerals under consideration are smithsonite, the zinc carbonate and hemimorphite, frequently referred to as …

The Examination And Treatment Of Industrial Magnesium Foundry Wastes, Oden Cass Garst

Professional Degree Theses

"The principle forms of magnesium foundry wastes not recovered by industry are fine dusts, such as, sawdust, rotary filings and grindings, and the melting- and refining-pot drosses. The Bureau of Mines has studied waste generation and has developed processes for the treatment of dresses for the recovery of secondary ingot metal and has also developed processes for the mechanical beneficiation of fine dusts. The studies on fine dusts were continued until suitable melting methods for the recovery of ingot metal, approximately meeting the applicable specifications, were developed...Recommendations are made for improved melting methods for magnesium sawdust that increase greatly the …

A Study Of The Separation Of Feldspar From Missouri Granite, Vernon Louis Kasten

Masters Theses

"The greatest use of feldspar is as a flux in the Ceramic Industry where it is used in the manufacture of abrasives, floor tile, terra cotta, china, and earthenware of all types. It is also used in the manufacture of glass and enamels, and much is used as grinding medium in powdered form because it is softer than the common abrasive, quartz...Missouri Granites are composed of feldspar, quartz, mica, and other materials, which may or may not occur in all the samples. It is the purpose of this investigation to attempt a separation of the feldspar from these other components …

A Study Of The Flow Properties Of Concentrated Clay-Water Mixtures, William Joseph Smothers

Doctoral Dissertations

"The study of flow properties of many substances is of prime importance in varied industries. The ceramic industry is mainly concerned with these measurements on a relatively stiff ceramic body, i.e., one which contains only enough water to retain its shape after the deforming force is relieved.

Various types of instruments have been devised to measure flow properties in the so-called "true plastic range." Since the primary measurements were made on instruments of the transpiration type to devise the laws of viscous and plastic flow, it was felt that an instrument employing the flow of the plastic material through an …

Missouri Super Duty Refractories And Their Probable Application For Blast Furnace Linings, Charles Alfred Freeman

Professional Degree Theses

"The use of Missouri Super Duty Refractories in steel plant service is not new, although their use in blast furnace service has been limited chiefly to stove installations. They have, however, been used in a sufficient number of places where severe operating conditions exist, so that they are a definitely known quantity and they have consistently shown much longer service under conditions of high temperatures and contact with slag and molten iron. One outstanding comparison of the service which these brick give over ordinary first quality brick is the bottom of a malleable iron furnace. Not first quality refractory has …

A High Alumina Concentrate From Low-Grade Burley Clay, Leonard Stearns

Masters Theses

"The principal source of raw material for the production of high-alumina refractories are the diaspore clays of Missouri. These highly refractory clays contain a large percentage of the mineral, diaspore, a monohydrate of alumina whose theoretical chemical formula is Al₂O₃ʺH₂O. The clays as mined contain from 85 to 65 per cent alumina...Diaspore clays as now found fill sandstone-lined "sink holes" or depressions in the parts of the district underlain by rocks of the Pennsylvanian Age. They are rough open-textured clays, grey or buff in color usually, containing the mineral diaspore in the form of shot-like particles or "oolites." There are …

Determination Of Alkalies In Portland Cement By The Dropping Mercury Electrode Method, William Joseph Smothers

Masters Theses

"In many industries whose product or products contain alkalies, the determination of the amount present is very essential from a control standpoint. This present investigation is concerned with a method for quantitative determination of sodium and potassium as accurately as by customary chemical methods and which will require less time in its operation. Portland cement is a product in which the amount of sodium and potassium present is of prime importance. This importance of the alkalies upon the behavior of concrete was first noticed in California where, after numerous tests, it was definitely shown that with certain aggregates there was …

Some Causes For Porosity And Leakage In Non-Ferrous Castings, Alfred H. Hesse

Professional Degree Theses

"Non-ferrous copper base alloys find many applications in industry. Among these alloys one finds the tin bronzes rather widely used for many purposes, and by delving still farther one finds pressure castings as one of their important applications. In many foundries the percentage of rejections due to leakage or porosity is quite high. This is obviously very costly since leakage is generally only found after machining. It is with a view to determine the causes for leakage in pressure castings and to devise methods for its prevention that the work described in this thesis was undertaken. It is not intended …

The Effect Of Glaze Fit Upon The Strength Of Missouri Zadock, Karl Emil Krill, Floyd Rolland Elliott

Bachelors Theses

"We know that, in the case of a beam, the really effective part of the cross-sectional area is that part farthest from the neutral axis. The I-beam, with most of the central area eliminated, is just as strong as is the rectangular beam of similar outside dimensions. Why should not the glaze on a piece of ceramic ware play as important a part in the strength of the piece as does the outermost area in a beam? Microscopic cracks in the flanges of an I-beam weaken it appreciably. Might not a parallel case exist in a piece of glazed pottery …

Characteristics Of Pyrometric Cone Equivalent Test Furnaces, Alfred W. Allen, Joseph T. Dusza

Bachelors Theses

"Though the method of determining the pyrometric cone equivalent of various silicate materials used in the refractories industry has been standardized by the American Society for Testing Materials (A.S.T.M. Designation: C24-35) as to the rate of heating, method of preparation of sample, mounting of test cones, and the interpretation of results, there still remains some variation in the results obtained by different operators using different types of P.C.E. furnaces. The three types of furnaces most generally used are: the Fulton-Coursen Granular Resistance Furnace, the Denver Fireclay Furnace developed by the American Refractories Institute using gas, and the General Refractories' Oxy-acetylene …

The Relative Merits Of The Electrolytic Deposit And The Galvanic Nickel Deposit When Used To Produce Enamel Adherence, Marvin Edward Pingel

Bachelors Theses

"The purpose of this paper is to determin sic if nickel deposited electrolytically from a nickel bath at 100ʻF. or less gives the same adherence qualities to enameling steel that nickel deposited galvanically at 160-180ʻF. produces"--Purpose of This Paper, page 1.

Dry Pressing Refractory Insulating Brick, Frank Clarence Steimke

Bachelors Theses

"The expensive process of grinding the insulating brick and the slow production methods of hand forming led to the possibilities of dry pressing the brick. The use of the dry press would increase production, give greater uniformity to the brick and materially reduce grinding if not eliminating it entirely. Since present day combustives were either impractical or else impossible to use, some new material must be found. Three materials presented themselves, napthalene, sulfur, and petroleum coke. The former for its low melting temperature and the latter two for their complete volatility at high temperatures and low if not negligible resiliency. …

Firing Behavior Of Missouri Plastic Fire Clay, William E. Crockett

Bachelors Theses

"There are two districts in Missouri in which plastic fire clay occurs. The oldest and least significant of these deposits is the "Cheltenham", in the St. Louis area. The most prominent area in which plastic fire clay occurs is generally termed the "east central" district. Included in this district are Calloway, Montgomery, Audrain, Warren, Boone, Monroe, Pike and Lincoln Counties. The clay as tested in this report occurs in Boone County, near Columbia. A plastic fire clay does not have as high a P.C.E. (pyrometric cone equivalent) as the ordinary flint and semi-flint clays, but its high plasticity warrants its …

Solubility Of Glass Tank Refractories Using A Small Electrically Heated Furnace, James Vincent Heddell

Bachelors Theses

"This investigation was undertaken to study the refractory blocks used in glass furnaces - their relation with the molten glass. It was decided to employ for this examination a model glass tank, heated by electrical carborundum resistors known as Globars. Experimental glass tanks have been constructed using fuel oil or gas to obtain the required heat to perform melting. These fuels were used mainly to simulate commercial practice and thus to obtain results which could be easily applied to industrial furnaces. The design of a model electric tank is included as part of this investigation"--Purpose of the Investigation, page 4-5.

X-Ray Data Concerning Some Manganese-Copper Alloys, George Lester Mitsch

Bachelors Theses

"Until recently the only commercial method of producing metallic manganese in large ammounts sic was a pyrometallurgical process. Producing a metal of about 97% purity, it was not very satisfactory. With the advent of a process for producing a metal of 99.9 plus % purity electrolytically, introduced by the United States Bureau of Mines, for the first time was there a sufficient quantity of pure manganese available for alloy use. The manganese-copper system was chosen for study because of the inconsistencies in the reports of previous investigators, and because of the properties alloys of these components possess, such as magnetism, …

A Study Of Opacity Produced By Insoluble Refractory Opacifiers, Theodore J. Planje

Bachelors Theses

"To investigate opacification produced by insoluble, refractory opacifiers in an effort to obtain some knowledge and reliable data concerning the electrical charge on the particles - its quality and quantity, and the effect of heavy metallic ions upon the flocculation and deflocculation of the opacifying particles"--Object, page 1.

Firing Behavior Tests And Other Tests On A Missouri Stoneware Clay To Determine Its Commercial Possibilities, Ivan Martin Niedling

Bachelors Theses

"A clay's essential character is its plasticity, whether it is to be used for common brick purposes, the manufacture of refractory articles, or merely as a bonding agent for nonplastic materials. Plasticity is a very large subject; there are many theories as to its cause and many methods have been developed to record it, but so far no satisfactory quantitative measure of plasticity has been found. Perhaps the most satisfactory method is to judge by handling the clay, and with constant practice one can become expert in judging the plasticity of a clay by its feel. Such a method is, …

Red Glazes, Sidney Austin Peer

Bachelors Theses

"Red glazes are extremely difficult to produce on pottery except at relatively low temperatures, or under conditions which can only be regarded as largely accidental. For many years ceramists have demanded a red glaze maturing at cone 4. To produce this glaze, much time and research is required...The object of this study was to produce a commercial red glaze at cone 4 from different oxides in a base glaze of white lead and silica"--Scope of Investigation, pages 1, 7.

The Bloating Of Clays, Everett Walter Sharp

Bachelors Theses

"The effect of firing on clays in relation to volume is either a shrinkage, bloating, or no change whatso-ever. The reason for the shrinkage and the constant volume is well known, but the cause of the bloating has not as yet been determined. In some instances, as the use of fire clay brick in steel ladles, this property of bloating is desirable to a certain extent because this packs the brick lining in the ladle tightly after the first heat is poured in, and prevents the brick lining from floating out when the metal is poured. There is little or …

The Effect Of Clays On The Properties Of Masonry Cement, William Joseph Smothers

Bachelors Theses

"Portland cement is not a material of great antiquity. It was discovered only a little over a century ago and quite by accident. It has been the custom in the manufacture of hydraulic limes to heat argillaceous limestones to temperatures not greatly above that at which the carbon dioxide would be liberated, but this process was carried out in a stack furnace under conditions such that some parts of the material were heated to temperatures which produced sintering. These hard lumps of sintered material were discarded because they were so much more difficult to grind than the unsintered However, in …

The Production Of High Alumina Refractories Bonded With Lumnite Refractory Cement, Joseph Lewis Hoffman

Bachelors Theses

"Users of refractories are constantly demanding a better product. There is a demand for a satisfactory neutral or basic refractory with a P.C.E. equivalent of cone 35 or better. A refractory with a very high alumina content would seem to solve this problem, however, the main difficulty has been to bond the unplastic alumina. From the literature it was learned that Lumnite cement has been satisfactory in the manufacture of a refractory concrete. Therefore this investigation was carried out to determine the adaptability of bonding corundum with Lumnite"--Introduction, page 1.

Constitution And Properties Of Manganese-Copper Alloys, James Harrison Jacobs

Masters Theses

"This work was undertaken because of the recently revived interest in the use of manganese as an alloying element. This revival of interest has been mainly due to the development of the process for electro-deposition of manganese by the U. S. Bureau of Mines. Prior to the work of the bureau of Mines there was no commercial source of high purity manganese. Manganese made by the electrolytic process contains less than .03% impurities, while manganese made by other methods contains as high as 3% impurities. The use of high purity manganese as a base for alloys should open up an …

Effects Of Zirconium Compounds On A Bright Glaze, Stuart Dods

Bachelors Theses

"The standard method for producing opacity and to some extend sic mattness in a glaze has always been the use of small amounts of tin oxide. This oxide, however, is very expensive and tends to fluccuate sic in price over a wide range due to world market conditions. The ceramic industry, therefore, has been searching for some substitutes for the tin oxide with some success. At the present time zinc oxide, antimony oxide, and zirconium oxide are used with varying degrees of success as opacifiers. Zirconium oxide and compounds are less soluble than the other oxides previously used. Therefore, it …

A Process For Making Refractory Insulating Brick, Albert Lloyd Tetley

Bachelors Theses

"The object of this study was to investigate the fundamental principles of producing an insulating brick by making the pore structure of air bubbles entrapped in a clay slip. Since a clay water mixture or any material containing entrapped air will loose this air when placed under vacuum, it is thought that placing the clay slips under a pressure would cause a considerable pore structure in the slip when the pressure is released. In the common method of making insulting brick, the fired brick must be ground to size as they cannot be molded to a definite size and shape. …

Laboratory Concentration Of A Lead-Zinc-Fluorspar Ore From Southern Illinois, Shiou-Chuan Sun

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain the feasibility of preparing marketable products from a rather complex sulphide-fluorspar ore"--Object, page 2. "The ore was examined exhaustively by chemical, microscopic, and mineralogical methods of analysis. After a thorough knowledge of the physical characteristics of the ore had been obtained, flotation concentration tests were made to separate the sulfide minerals from the fluorspar and to attempt to prepare lead-zinc and fluorspar concentrates of marketable grade"--Scope of Work Done, page 2.

The Development Of A New Process For The Manufacture Of Insulating Refractories, Miles E. Tyrrell

Bachelors Theses

"In as much as the grinding of insulating brick to size after the firing operation is one of the most important and at the same time one of the most expensive operations involved in their manufacture, it was felt that the development of a method for manufacture of insulating brick which would do away with the necessity of grinding after firing would be a very worth while project. With this object in mind it was decided that the logical method would be to incorporate the pore structure in the mix while green and at the same time to add some …

A Comparison Of Silicates Of Sodium And Potassium As The Bonding Agent In Cold-Set Refractory Cements, Kenneth Frederick Sheckler

Bachelors Theses

"The insistent demand for higher grade refractories has resulted in the manufacture of a product which will withstand higher temperatures, have greater slag resistance, greater resistance to spalling action and deformation under load. These better grades of refractory materials have been developed as the result of extensive research on the part of the manufacturers. In order that these higher quality refractories may be employed with the best results, it is necessary that they be set with a refractory cement which also possesses these desirable properties. The commercial refractory cements may be divided into two classes according to their method of …

The Development Of Spinels In Two Component Coloring Oxide Systems And Their Applications As Underglaze And Overglaze Colors, Michael Edward Green

Bachelors Theses

"For many years the fact has been known that when two or more of the coloring oxides are intimately mixed together and fired, there is a reaction between the components of the mixture. Little is known of these reactions - whether they are chemical, physical or mineralogical changes in the nature of the substances. The purpose of this investigation has been to ascertain the true nature of these reactions and the effect of the changes in the two components making up the system, upon their uses as underglaze and overglaze colors as applied in the ceramic industry"--Introduction, page 1.

Pyrochemical Changes In Missouri Halloysite, Frank Joseph Zvanut

Doctoral Dissertations

"For centuries it has been known that the application of heat to a clay or a clay body produces changes that make it an entirely different substance from the original raw clay. Ever since the earliest civilizations produced crude building brick by baking formed clay bodies in the sun's rays, mankind has been speculating on the nature of the changes that convert soft, friable, plastic clays into hard, strong, non-plastic, rock-like masses. It has been only within the last two decades, however, that progress has been made in the solution of problems dealing with the resultant products in fired clay …