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Articles 211 - 240 of 329

Full-Text Articles in Materials Science and Engineering

Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Shot-Peened In 100, Jonathan L. Ng Mar 2006

Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Shot-Peened In 100, Jonathan L. Ng

Theses and Dissertations

The fretting fatigue behavior of shot-peened of IN 100 was investigated in this study. S-N curves were obtained for two different shot-peened intensities (7A and 12A) and were compared to those of unpeened specimens. Stress relaxation behavior under fretting fatigue was also investigated after their measurements were obtained using the X-ray diffraction method. The crack initiation location and the crack angle orientation along the surface were determined using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cracks initiated near the trailing edge and on the contact surface for both 7A and 12A shot-peened specimens. Finite element analysis was performed using commercially available …


Characteristics Of Two-Dimensional Triangular And Three-Dimensional Face-Centered-Cubic Photonic Crystals, Jeffery D. Clark Mar 2006

Characteristics Of Two-Dimensional Triangular And Three-Dimensional Face-Centered-Cubic Photonic Crystals, Jeffery D. Clark

Theses and Dissertations

The fabrication of photonic crystals (PhC) with photonic band gaps (PBG) in the visible range is a difficult task due to the small structural feature sizes of the PhC. The particular type of PhC examined is a two-dimensional (2-D) triangular structure with a PBG designed for visible wavelengths with applications in visible integrated photonic systems. This work examines the processes involved and viability of fabricating 2-D triangular PhC's by a variety of techniques: focused ion beam, electron lithography and holographic photo-polymerization/lithography. The design of the PhC was based on a program created to display gap maps for triangular structures. The …


Creep-Rupture Behavior Of A Woven Ceramic Matrix Composite At Elevated Temperatures In A Humid Environment, Jennifer L. Ryba Mar 2006

Creep-Rupture Behavior Of A Woven Ceramic Matrix Composite At Elevated Temperatures In A Humid Environment, Jennifer L. Ryba

Theses and Dissertations

This study focused on moisture and temperature effects on the embrittlement and stress-rupture life of the SiC/SiC CMC Syl-iBN/BN/SiC. The Syl-iBN/BN/SiC is composed of Sylramic fibers with an in-situ layer of boron nitride (Syl-iBN), boron nitride interphase (BN), and SiC matrix. Stress rupture tests and monotonic tests were performed on the specimens. Tests were conducted under 100% humidity and laboratory air environments at three temperatures, 450°C, 750°C, and 950°C. These temperatures were chosen because they fall below the intermediate range, within the range, and above the range, respectively. This study found that while this CMC does experience embrittlement at intermediate …


Some Aspects Of The Mechanical Response Of Bmi 5250-4 Neat Resin At 191°C: Experiment And Modeling, John G. Balaconis Mar 2006

Some Aspects Of The Mechanical Response Of Bmi 5250-4 Neat Resin At 191°C: Experiment And Modeling, John G. Balaconis

Theses and Dissertations

The mechanical response of BMI 5250-4 neat resin at 191 degrees C was studied using both creep and recovery tests where several variables were allowed to change. In these tests, the effect of stress rate, prior history, and panel variability were all taken into account. During the creep test, the material showed both primary and secondary creep over 20 h. The recovery tests showed full recovery after it was subjected to 80% UTS. The higher stress rate caused a much greater response in both creep and recovery tests. The prior history was studied by allowing the specimens to go through …


Characterization Of Compressive Creep Behavior Of Oxide/Oxide Composite With Monazite Coating At Elevated Temperature, Patrick R. Jackson Mar 2006

Characterization Of Compressive Creep Behavior Of Oxide/Oxide Composite With Monazite Coating At Elevated Temperature, Patrick R. Jackson

Theses and Dissertations

The compressive creep behavior of a N610/monazite/alumina composite was investigated in this work. The composite consists of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with NextelTM610 fibers coated with monazite in a symmetric cross-ply (0°/90°/0°/90°)s orientation. Compressive stress-strain behavior was investigated as well. The addition of monazite coating resulted in ~ 35% loss in compressive strength at 900°C and in ~45% loss in compressive strength at 1100°C. Compressive creep behavior was examined at 900 and 1100°C for creep stresses ranging from 50 to 95 MPa. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed at both temperatures. Minimum creep rate was reached in all …


Carrier Lifetime Dynamics Of Epitaxial Layer Hvpe Gallium Arsenide Using Time-Resolved Experiments, Wayne E. Eikenberry Mar 2006

Carrier Lifetime Dynamics Of Epitaxial Layer Hvpe Gallium Arsenide Using Time-Resolved Experiments, Wayne E. Eikenberry

Theses and Dissertations

GaAs is a potential semiconductor material for producing both mid-infrared and terahertz radiation using the new technique of quasi-phase matching in an orientationally patterned GaAs (OP-GaAs) crystal. OP-GaAs is grown using a fast growth process called hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). Unfortunately, HVPE produces a high number of defects. These defects cause Shockley-Read-Hall recombination rates to dominate over Auger and radiative recombination rates. The carrier lifetime from four OP-GaAs samples are reported here using two different experimental techniques. The first experiment used a streak camera to measure the carrier lifetime via time-resolved photoluminescence. The temporal resolution of the streak camera …


Graphitized Carbon Foam With Phase Change Material, Angelinda D. Fedden Mar 2006

Graphitized Carbon Foam With Phase Change Material, Angelinda D. Fedden

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines the transient heating and cooling responses of graphitized carbon foam infiltrated with phase change material (PCM). The carbon foam provides rapid heat transfer throughout the PCM volume, while the PCM stores the heat for later removal. The foam/PCM system was heated with a copper heating block, and then cooled with a liquid-cooled heat removal block. Infiltrating the foam with PCM significantly increased the length of time before the system reached maximum temperature. The temperature response of the foam/PCM system was consistent over multiple cycles of heating and cooling. A high density foam had a faster heating and …


Creep-Rupture And Fatigue Behaviors Of Notched Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite At Elevated Temperature, Mark A. Sullivan Mar 2006

Creep-Rupture And Fatigue Behaviors Of Notched Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite At Elevated Temperature, Mark A. Sullivan

Theses and Dissertations

Oxide/oxide composites are being considered for use in high temperature aerospace applications where their inherent resistance to oxidation provides for better long life properties at high temperature than most other ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). One promising oxide/oxide CMC is Nextel 720/A (N720/A) which uses an 8-harness satin weave (8HSW) of Nextel 720 fibers embedded in a porous alumina matrix. Possible aerospace applications for N720/A will likely require inserting holes into the material for mounting and cooling purposes. The notch characteristics must be understood to ensure designs using the material are sufficient for the desired application. This research effort examined the …


Effect Of Hold Times On Fatigue Behavior Of Nextel 720™/Alumina Ceramic Matrix Composite At 1200°C In Air And In Steam Environment, John M. Mehrman Mar 2006

Effect Of Hold Times On Fatigue Behavior Of Nextel 720™/Alumina Ceramic Matrix Composite At 1200°C In Air And In Steam Environment, John M. Mehrman

Theses and Dissertations

The aerospace field requires structural materials that can maintain superior mechanical properties while subjected to high temperatures and oxidizing environments. This research investigated the effect of hold times at maximum load on fatigue performance of a Nextel 720/Alumina ceramic matrix composite at 1200 C, explored the influence of environment on material response to cyclic loading with hold times at maximum load, and assessed the effects of loading history on material behavior and environmental durability. The N720/A composite relies on an oxide/oxide composition for inherent oxidation resistance and a porous matrix with no interphase between the fiber and matrix for damage …


Multiple Channel Laser Beam Combination And Phasing Using Stimulated Brillouin Scattering In Optical Fibers, Brent W. Grime Dec 2005

Multiple Channel Laser Beam Combination And Phasing Using Stimulated Brillouin Scattering In Optical Fibers, Brent W. Grime

Theses and Dissertations

Brightness scaling lasers using stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in optical fibers is explored. A multiple-channel amplifier approach is used to increase the total power of a laser system while avoiding a significant burden on a single channel. The work explores two approaches utilizing both SBS beam cleanup and SBS piston error conjugation. A unique beam combiner that takes advantage of the SBS beam cleanup properties of a long, gradient-index multimode fiber was designed and tested. The beam combiner was developed to combine multiple-channel laser beams simultaneously with high input and output coupling efficiency. The design for the SBS beam combiner …


Rate Dependence And Short Term Creep Behavior Of Pmr-15 Neat Resin At 23 And 288°C, Candice M. Westberry Sep 2005

Rate Dependence And Short Term Creep Behavior Of Pmr-15 Neat Resin At 23 And 288°C, Candice M. Westberry

Theses and Dissertations

This research focuses on experimental investigation of rate-dependent behavior and short-term creep of PMR-15 neat resin at 23 and 288°C. Effect of loading rate on monotonic stress-strain behavior was explored in monotonic tests at constant stress rates of 0.75, 0.075, and 0.0075 MPa/s at 23 and 288°C. In addition, effect of prior stress rate on creep behavior was explored in creep tests preceded by uninterrupted loading to a target stress. At each temperature three creep tests were conducted for a given stress level, where loading rate was changed from test to test. Creep stress levels were 30 and 25 MPa …


Determination Of The Constitutive Equations For 1080 Steel And Vascomax 300, Zachary A. Kennan Jun 2005

Determination Of The Constitutive Equations For 1080 Steel And Vascomax 300, Zachary A. Kennan

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this research is to establish a better representation of the components utilized in a gouging event being considered in research leading to a better understanding of the Holloman High Speed Test Track. Gouging occurs when two metals are traveling at a slight incline to each other at velocities nearing 1.5 kilometers per second, and results in a structural failure of both the metals. The gouging process occurs at very high strain rates, which results in non-linear stress-strain relations. The coefficients that lead to the Johnson-Cook equations have been determined by the Split Hopkinson Bar test for 1080 …


High Temperature Chemical Degradation Of Pmr-15 Polymer Resins, Grant W. Robinson Jun 2005

High Temperature Chemical Degradation Of Pmr-15 Polymer Resins, Grant W. Robinson

Theses and Dissertations

PMR-15 is a polymer resin for glass and carbon reinforced composites used for high temperature, civilian and military aerospace applications. The harsh environments of PMR-15 applications lead to long term structural degradation and, in turn, impact the readiness capabilities of the system. This study investigated the thermal and oxidative degradation of PMR-15 neat resin powder through the use of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) in oxygen, argon and air at isothermal hold temperatures of 260, 288, 316, and 343 °C for 250 hours. The TGA measured the degradation by recording the change in neat resin powder mass versus time. The qualitative …


Creep Behavior Of An Oxide/Oxide Composite With Monazite Coating At Elevated Temperatures, Sean S. Musil Mar 2005

Creep Behavior Of An Oxide/Oxide Composite With Monazite Coating At Elevated Temperatures, Sean S. Musil

Theses and Dissertations

This study focuses on experimental investigation of stress-rupture behavior (creep response) of an oxide/oxide composite in a cross-ply (0/90) lay-up at elevated temperature. The test material, Nextel 610/monazite/alumina composite, employs monazite, an oxidation-resistant interfacial coating designed to improve performance at elevated temperatures. The experimental program included monotonic tensile tests to failure and creep-rupture tests at elevated temperatures. Tensile tests served to establish an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) for the material. The ensuing creep-rupture tests involved stress levels at varying percentages of the UTS. Stress-rupture curves at 900 and 1100 degrees C were established. A family of creep curves for various …


An Investigation Of A Simplified Gouging Model, Gregory S. Rickerd Mar 2005

An Investigation Of A Simplified Gouging Model, Gregory S. Rickerd

Theses and Dissertations

Gouging is a type of structural failure that becomes important when two metals slide against each other at velocities in the range of 1.5 kilometers per second. A computer model has previously been used to model the development of gouging at the Holloman High Speed Test Track. This model has not been experimentally verified to be correct, due to the complexity of the model. This research develops a simplified model that can be experimentally verified. The computer program utilized in this research was studied to determine the most appropriate options to use in simulations. This was accomplished by modeling a …


Experimentation And Analysis Of Composite Scarf Joint, Benjamin M. Cook Mar 2005

Experimentation And Analysis Of Composite Scarf Joint, Benjamin M. Cook

Theses and Dissertations

Composite bonded scarf repairs were examined by experimentally measuring and analytically predicting the residual curing strains and strains due to mechanical loading. To accomplish this a three prong approach was used: a full strain field through a repaired laminate's thickness was measured for both a loaded specimen and a specimen with the residual strain released, models were developed for comparison to both states, and data was collected for large tensile test specimens at various stages of being scarf repaired. A ~14:1 straight scarfed one-inch wide specimen was used to collect Moire interferometry data to calculate a full strain field due …


Thermal Characteristics Of Pitch Based Carbon Foam And Phase Change Materials, Kevin W. Wierschke Mar 2005

Thermal Characteristics Of Pitch Based Carbon Foam And Phase Change Materials, Kevin W. Wierschke

Theses and Dissertations

Phase-change thermal energy storage devices offer thermal control systems an option that allows a smaller heat sink to be used by absorbing the thermal energy quickly and storing it in the phase change to prevent failure of electronic components and then slowly releasing the heat to the heat sink. This paper experimentally determined the transient response of carbon foam with a phase-change material by measuring the response to a step temperature input to test samples. The transient response was recorded until steady state was reached. An analytic response was created and compared against the measured response. A simplified analytic prediction …


Effect Of Temperature And Steam Environment On Fatigue Behavior Of An Oxide-Oxide Continuous Fiber Ceramic Composite, Chalene A. Eber Mar 2005

Effect Of Temperature And Steam Environment On Fatigue Behavior Of An Oxide-Oxide Continuous Fiber Ceramic Composite, Chalene A. Eber

Theses and Dissertations

There is an ever-increasing need for materials that maintain high strength and fracture toughness at elevated temperatures and in complex environments. Advanced aerospace applications are motivating the development of composite materials that can meet demanding requirements. This research effort investigates mechanical behavior of an oxide-oxide continuous fiber ceramic composite (CFCC) consisting of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with mullite/alumina Nextel 720 fibers developed specifically for advanced aerospace applications. Tension-tension fatigue behavior of this CFCC was studied at 1200 and 1330 °C in laboratory air and 100% steam environments. Fatigue resistance and retained strength properties were determined. Effects of environmental degradation …


Application Of Functionally Graded Materials In Aircraft Structures, William G. Cooley Mar 2005

Application Of Functionally Graded Materials In Aircraft Structures, William G. Cooley

Theses and Dissertations

A Functionally Graded Material (FGM) is a material which has a continuous variation of material properties through-the-thickness. This thesis will explore analysis of FGM flat plates and shell panels, and use FGM's unique characteristics to retrofit a cracked exhaust wash structure. FGMs are first characterized as flat plates under pressure and thermal loading. Next, FGM shell panels are characterized under thermal loading. Conclusions drawn from FGM characterization are used to develop a patch to retrofit a cracked aircraft exhaust wash structure. The exhaust wash structure is first analyzed to provide a baseline and then several FGM patches are evaluated on …


Effects Of Temperature And Shot-Peening Intensity On Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Titanium Alloy Ti-6al-4a, Salman Albinali Mar 2005

Effects Of Temperature And Shot-Peening Intensity On Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Titanium Alloy Ti-6al-4a, Salman Albinali

Theses and Dissertations

Effects of temperature and shot-peening intensity on fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4A were investigated in this study. S-N curves were obtained for both room and elevated temperatures (260 C) for two different shot-peened intensities (4A and 10A). Stress relaxation behavior under both fretting fatigue at elevated temperature and temperature exposure only were also investigated after their measurements were calculated using X-ray diffraction method. The crack initiation location and the crack angle orientation along the surface were determined using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cracks initiated near the trailing edge of the tested specimens. Cracks initiated on the contact surface …


Biaxial Fatigue Behavior Of Niti Shape Memory Alloy, Daniel M. Jensen Mar 2005

Biaxial Fatigue Behavior Of Niti Shape Memory Alloy, Daniel M. Jensen

Theses and Dissertations

Nitinol is a shape memory alloy (SMA) capable of martensite-to-austenite phase transformations enabling shape-memory behavior. Shape-memory properties make Nitinol a strong candidate material for use in aircraft applications such as actuators. Structural integrity and reliability of torque tube actuators must be assured before this material can be used in flight-critical components. Thorough understanding of the fatigue response of the material is essential for a structurally-sound SMA actuator design. The present effort investigates pure torsion and combined tension-torsion fatigue behavior of Nitinol at room temperature. Monotonic tests in tension and torsion were conducted to typify uni-directional stress-strain behavior. Fully-reversed torsion fatigue …


Detection Of Residual Stress In Sic Mems Using Μ-Raman Spectroscopy, John C. Zingarelli Mar 2005

Detection Of Residual Stress In Sic Mems Using Μ-Raman Spectroscopy, John C. Zingarelli

Theses and Dissertations

Micro-Raman (µ-Raman) spectroscopy is used to measure residual stress in two silicon carbide (SiC) poly-types: single-crystal, hexagonally symmetric 6H-SiC, and polycrystalline, cubic 3C-SiC thin films deposited on Si substrates. Both are used in micro-electrical-mechanical systems (MEMS) devices. By employing an incorporated piezoelectric stage with submicron positioning capabilities along with the Raman spectral acquisition, spatial scans are performed to reveal areas in the 6H-SiC MEMS structures that contain residual stress. Shifts in the transverse optical (TO) Stokes peaks of up to 2 cm-1 are correlated to the material strain induced by the MEMS fabrication process through the development of phonon …


Dynamic Characterization Of Thin Deformable Pvdf Mirror, Eric M. Trad Mar 2005

Dynamic Characterization Of Thin Deformable Pvdf Mirror, Eric M. Trad

Theses and Dissertations

Methodology for the design and fabrication of 5 inch diameter membrane-like mirror structures is explored, resulting in test articles with areal densities as low as 1.57 kg/m2 and a thickness of 1.5 mm. Each optical structure has 7 control patches etched into the PVDF layer, which can be used as actuators. These test articles are utilized to demonstrate the capabilities of an acquisition system to make measurements of static and dynamic actuation of the mirror surface. Static deformations are analyzed statistically and determined to yield maximum deformations in the actuated regions of -2.1 micro with a standard deviation of 0.33 …


Tensile Stress Rupture Behavior Of A Woven Ceramic Matrix Composite In Humid Environments At Intermediate Temperature, Kevin J. Larochelle Mar 2005

Tensile Stress Rupture Behavior Of A Woven Ceramic Matrix Composite In Humid Environments At Intermediate Temperature, Kevin J. Larochelle

Theses and Dissertations

Stress rupture tests on the SylramicTM fiber with an in-situ layer of boron nitride, boron nitride interphase, and SiC matrix ceramic matrix composite were performed at 550°C and 750°C with 0.0, 0.2, or 0.6 atm partial pressure of water vapor, pH2O. The 550°C, 100-hr strengths were 75%, 65% and 51% of the monotonic room temperature tensile strength, respectively. At 750°C, the strengths were 67%, 51%, and 49%, respectively. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis estimated the total embrittlement times for 550°C with 0.0, 0.2, and 0.6 atm pH2O were >63 hrs, >38 hrs, and between …


Effects Of Variable Contact Load On Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Shot-Peened And Un-Peened Titanium Alloy, Chia-Hawa Lee Dec 2004

Effects Of Variable Contact Load On Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Shot-Peened And Un-Peened Titanium Alloy, Chia-Hawa Lee

Theses and Dissertations

Fretting fatigue occurs between two components in contact under relative motion and reduces fatigue life when compared with plain fatigue. Shot-peening, on the other hand, is the most commonly used cold working process to improve material fatigue resistance in aeronautical industries. Nearly all work accomplished to date has assumed a constant contact load while investigating fretting fatigue. The primary goal of this study was to explore fretting fatigue behavior under constant and variable contact load configurations using both shot-peened and un-peened specimens made up of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Contact loads were applied with four different frequencies. Applied axial loads were also …


Monotonic, Creep-Rupture, And Fatigue Behavior Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide (C/Sic) At An Elevated Temperature, John M. Engesser Mar 2004

Monotonic, Creep-Rupture, And Fatigue Behavior Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide (C/Sic) At An Elevated Temperature, John M. Engesser

Theses and Dissertations

The main objective of this research effort was to examine the impact that cyclic loading frequency has on the life of a C/SiC composite at an elevated temperature of 550°C. Cyclic loading of C/SiC was investigated at frequencies of 375 Hz, 10 Hz, 1 Hz, and 0.1 Hz. Creep-Rupture tests and tests that were combinations of creep-rupture and fatigue were also accomplished. A monotonic tensile test was performed at 550°C and compared to a room temperature monotonic test. This study showed that an elevated temperature of 550°C has very little effect on the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of C/SiC. The …


Optical Characterization And Modeling Of Compositionally Matched Indium Arsenide-Antimonide Bulk And Multiple Quantum Well Semiconductors, Scott C. Phillips Mar 2004

Optical Characterization And Modeling Of Compositionally Matched Indium Arsenide-Antimonide Bulk And Multiple Quantum Well Semiconductors, Scott C. Phillips

Theses and Dissertations

Indium arsenide-antimonide (InAsSb) semiconductors have been determined to emit in the 3-5 micrometer range, the window of interest for countermeasures against infrared electro-optical threats. This experiment set out to cross the bulk to quantum well characterization barrier by optically characterizing two sets of compositionally matched type I quantum well and bulk well material samples. Absorption measurements determined the band gap energy of the bulk samples and the first allowed subband transition for the quantum wells. By collecting absorption spectra at different temperatures, the trend of the energy transitions was described by fitting a Varshni equation to them. The expected result …


Experimental And Computational Analysis Of Modes In A Partially Constrained Plate, Robert M. Vandawaker Mar 2004

Experimental And Computational Analysis Of Modes In A Partially Constrained Plate, Robert M. Vandawaker

Theses and Dissertations

The field of structural health monitoring (SHM) attempts to reduce labor and cost by allowing technicians to monitor selected properties of an aircraft's structure to detect impending failure. This research examines methods to detect damage to a thermal protection system (TPS) tile using representative 2024-T3 aluminum plates. Plates are subjected to modal analysis in single and joined conditions in an attempt to provide the capability of sensing damage to a tile on the surface of a vehicle while the sensors remain on the superstructure of the airframe. Jointly, the development of a means to model the system using finite element …


The Evaluation Of The Damping Characteristics Of A Hard Coating On Titanium, Christopher M. Blackwell Mar 2004

The Evaluation Of The Damping Characteristics Of A Hard Coating On Titanium, Christopher M. Blackwell

Theses and Dissertations

Engine failures due to fatigue have cost the Air Force an estimated $400 million dollars per year over the past two decades (Garrison, 2001). Damping treatments capable of reducing the internal stresses of fan and turbine blades to levels where fatigue is less likely to occur have the potential for reducing cost while enhancing reliability. This research evaluates the damping characteristics of magnesium aluminate spinel, MgO+Al2O3, (mag spinel) on titanium plates. The material and aspect ratio were chosen to approximate the low aspect ratio blades found in military gas turbine fans. The plates were tested with …


Controlled-Stress Large-Area Pulsed Laser Deposition Of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia, Paul C. Rounsavall Sep 2003

Controlled-Stress Large-Area Pulsed Laser Deposition Of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia, Paul C. Rounsavall

Theses and Dissertations

The US Air Force has need of parabolic-shaped membrane mirrors for surveillance satellites. The current polymer membrane technology has been unable to overcome shape deformation problems caused by intrinsic stresses from the membrane casting and mounting processes. One proposed solution was to coat the membrane mirrors with a stressed coating to compensate for shape deformations. Thus, the research presented in this dissertation produced controlled-stress large-area pulsed laser deposition (PLD) grown thin films on polymer substrates and investigated optical time-of-flight (TOF) sensor systems and Raman spectroscopy for control for the PLD process with respect to thin film stress. Initially, the PLD-grown …