Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Calcite Depression In Bastnaesite-Calcite Flotation System Using Organic Acids, Emmy Muhoza

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Bastnaesite is the primary source of light REEs, namely cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), to name a few. Bastnaesite is typically concentrated using the froth flotation beneficiation method. Flotation of bastnaesite suffers from high reagent consumption due to the similar surface characteristics of bastnaesite and associated gangue minerals, including calcite. Additionally, complex stages of high-temperature conditioning are often required to suppress the detrimental impact of dissolved calcium ions on the flotation of bastnaesite. This research seeks to investigate the capabilities of organic acids in the bastnaesite-calcite flotation systems to selectively depress calcite minerals and effectively chelate calcium …

Development Of Oxide Dispersion Strengthening (Ods) Alloys Powder For Additive Manufacturing, Changyu Ma

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Additive manufacturing (AM) fabricated oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys are given high expectations for critical structural components such as the first stage turbine blade for their excellent creep strength and oxidation resistance compared to superalloys. However, the powder feedstock processing is still an open question since current state-of-the-art processes are not capable of achieving ultrafine strengthening elements such as Y₂O₃ in powder which leads to agglomeration issues in as-consolidated alloys. In this research, the oxidation behavior and stability of ultrafine oxide in AM-printed alloys using mechanically alloyed powders were evaluated at 1100 ^oC. In addition, a …

Augmented Reality Integrated Welder Training For Mechanical Engineering Technology, Aditya Akundi, Hamid Eisazadeh, Mona Torabizadeh

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

The shortage of welders is well documented and projected to become more severe for various industries such as shipbuilding in coming years. It is mainly because welding training is a critical and often costly endeavor. This study examines the training potential using augmented reality technology as a critical part of welder training for mechanical engineering technology students. This study assessed the performance of two groups of MET students trained with two different methods. One group received training with the traditional method in three sessions. The second group acquired training initially with an augmented reality welding system for three sessions. Then, …

Derivation, Exploration And Evaluation Of Non-Equiatomic High Entropy Alloys, Artashes Ter-Isahakyan

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a class of multicomponent alloys based on an innovative alloying strategy that employs multi-principle elements in relatively high concentrations. Commonly defined as alloys that contain at least five principal elements, each with a concentration between 5 and 35 at %. The term entropy refers to the excess configurational entropy associated with HEAs, which is thought to facilitate the formation of solid solutions. The design strategy results in vast compositional space for exploration and innovative potential triggering a renaissance in physical metallurgy. These alloys may have favorable properties compared to conventional dilute solid solutions, but their preeminent …

ผลของความหนาแน่นพลังงานในการขึ้นรูปต่อโครงสร้างจุลภาคและสมบัติทางกลของโลหะแก้วTi-Zr-Cu ที่ถูกขึ้นรูปด้วยวิธีการเพิ่มเนื้อวัสดุ, ภัทรพงษ์ วรรณประไพ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

โลหะผสม Ti58.5Zr31.5Cu10 เนื้อพื้นไทเทเนียมที่ถูกเสริมแรงด้วยเฟส β ถูกขึ้นรูปด้วยวิธีการขึ้นรูปแบบเพิ่มเนื้อวัสดุ (additive manufacturing) ด้วยการใช้ผงโลหะที่ถูกผสมโดยใช้ผงโลหะบริสุทธิ์ของทั้งสามธาตุ งานวิจัยนี้ทำการศึกษาเกี่ยวกับผลของความหนาแน่นพลังงานที่ใช้ในการขึ้นรูปต่อการผสมกันของโลหะและความไม่สม่ำเสมอของโครงสร้างจุลภาครวมไปถึงเฟสที่เกิดขึ้น ซึ่งถูกตรวจสอบด้วยเทคนิค X-ray diffraction (XRD) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) และ Electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) โดยผลลัพธ์แสดงให้เห็นว่าความหนาแน่นพลังงานสูงขึ้นนำไปสู่การตกผลึกมากขึ้น ในขณะที่ความหนาแน่นพลังงานต่ำกว่ามีแนวโน้มที่จะส่งผลให้เกิดโลหะผสมที่มีเนื้อพื้นอสัณฐาน (BMGC) และ เฟสยูเทคติค โดยโครงสร้างจุลภาคของโลหะผสมที่มีเนื้อพื้นอสัณฐาน ประกอบด้วยเฟส β ที่มีลักษณะเดนไดรท์และโครงสร้างอสัณฐานในบริเวณช่องว่างระหว่างเดนไดรท์ (interdendritic region) ธาตุ Ti เกิดการรวมตัวจำนวนมากบริเวณเฟสเนื้อพื้น β ในขณะที่ธาตุ Cu และ Zr รวมตัวกันจำนวนมากบริเวณเฟสอสัณฐานและเฟสยูเทคติค จากการตรวจสอบเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับการกระจายตัวทางเคมีภายในแอ่งน้ำโลหะ พบว่าเมื่อความหนาแน่นพลังงานต่ำจะมีความไม่สม่ำเสมอของธาตุผสม เนื่องจากการขาดการไหลของของเหลวภายในแอ่งน้ำโลหะ ที่เป็นตัวกระตุ้นการผสมกันของธาตุ การจำลองการไหลของของไหลด้วยความร้อนตามหลักการพลศาสตร์ของไหลเชิงคำนวณ (CFD) ได้ถูกดำเนินการเพื่อจำลองปรากฎการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นเพื่อตรวจสอบการผสมทางเคมีของธาตุผสม เมื่อความหนาแน่นของพลังงานในการขึ้นรูปสูงขึ้น ความเร็วของการไหลที่ถูกเหนี่ยวนำจะทำหน้าที่กวนสารเคมี ทำให้การผสมกันของธาตุมีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้น ในขณะที่เมื่อความหนาแน่นพลังงานต่ำลง การผสมของธาตุค่อนข้างจำกัดเนื่องจากการไหลเวียนของของไหลน้อยลง ส่งผลให้องค์ประกอบทางเคมีไม่สม่ำเสมอในบางบริเวณ อัตราการเย็นตัวที่สูงขึ้นยังพบได้ในแบบจำลองในสภาพที่มีความหนาแน่นของพลังงานต่ำกว่า ความแปรผันขององค์ประกอบทางเคมีที่ไม่สม่ำเสมอในบางบริเวณนี้ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในบริเวณที่มีการรวมตัวของธาตุ Cu และ Zr สูง นำไปสู่การเกิดความไม่สม่ำเสมอของโครงสร้างจุลภาคของ BMGC และเฟสยูเทคติก งานวิจัยนี้แสดงให้เห็นถึงความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับพฤติกรรมของของไหลภายในแอ่งน้ำโลหะของผงโลหะที่ถูกผสมโดยใช้ผงโลหะบริสุทธิ์ที่ถูกขึ้นรูปด้วยวิธีการขึ้นรูปแบบเพิ่มเนื้อวัสดุ ซึ่งอาจนำไปสู่การปรับปรุงและพัฒนาโครงสร้างจุลภาคให้มีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้นสำหรับการผลิตโลหะผสมเนื้อพื้นไทเทเนียมที่ถูกเสริมแรงด้วยเฟสต่างๆ

Precision Machining Of Polymer Matrix Composites, Victor Martinez Polanco

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

This experiment was started to figure how the precision machining of polymer matrix composites differ from metals such as aluminum and steel. Polymer matrix composites are highly used in powered vehicles for their strength and light weight properties, but they are typically not machined to their final product how metals are. Polymer matrix composites are typically manufactured near their final shape, with some trimming involved to complete its shape. This research machined carbon fiber manufactured through a wet layup and through resin infusion, as well as aluminum and steel to compare their machineability and their surface finish. These materials were …

Hot Rolled Light-Gauge Martensitic Steel Sheet And Method For Making The Same, James W. Watson, Paul Kelly, David C. Van Aken, Christopher Ronald Killmore

Patents

A hot rolled light - gauge martensitic steel sheet made by the steps comprising : ( a ) preparing a molten steel melt comprising : ( i ) by weight , between 0.20 % and 0.35 % carbon , less than 1.0 % chromium , between 0.7 % and 2.0 % manganese , between 0.10 % and 0.50% silicon , between 0.1 % and 1.0 % copper , less than 0.05 % niobium , less than 0.5 % molybdenum , and silicon killed containing less than 0.01 % aluminum , and ( ii ) the remainder iron and impurities result …

Aluminum-Free Steel Alloys And Methods For Making The Same, Daniel Morye Field, David C. Van Aken

Patents

Disclosed herein are TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steel alloy thin metal strips or, stated differently, high strength, high ductility steel alloy thin metal strips formed of a composition described herein, being substantially free or free of aluminum. In being substantially free, the aluminum content is equal to or less than 0.01 % by weight.

A Study Of Reduced Activation Ferritic Martensitic Metal Core Wire For Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, Alexander L. Reichenbach

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

This study seeks to determine the technical feasibility of fabricating reduced activation ferritic martensitic (RAFM) steel parts, using a wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process. The WAAM process, manufactures a part by depositing layers of metal onto a substrate to build a large scale near net shape part. RAFM alloy steels are next generation steels designed to resist radiation effects in the radiation intense working environments, such as nuclear reactors. To achieve this, process development and testing to design the WAAM production process with the custom RAFM filler wire was carried out. Several welding waveform modes were tested, and it …

Effects Of Titanium And Cerium Addition On Grain Size And Mechanical Properties Of Ductile Iron Castings, Shelton F. Fowler Iv

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

According to the Hall-Petch equation, the refinement of grains in metals increases the yield strength of the material. Austenite grain size influences the fineness of microstructural constituents in the ferrous alloys. It is well studied that cerium and titanium refine the austenite in steels and some gray irons, but no studies have been done to systematically explore the effects of cerium and titanium additions on austenite in ductile iron. This study sought to determine the effects of selected levels of these elements on the grain size within ductile iron. A hypoeutectic iron was chosen for testing as the proeutectic phase …

Induction Brazing, Austin Squire, Scott Compton, Logan Hathaway, Michael Fleming

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Our team would like to research and explore ways of designing a portable device that uses induction heating/brazing to connect two exhaust pipes together.

The Effect Of Mass Transport On Deposit Quality In Copper Electrowinning, Joseph Bauer

Doctoral Dissertations

"Roughness and nodulation of copper electrodeposits depend strongly on mass transfer conditions of copper ions to the electrode surface. Mass transfer properties in electrowinning electrolytes were first characterized. The effective diffusivity of cupric ion was measured with a rotating disk electrode in CuSO₄-H₂SO₄ electrolytes at temperatures relevant to electrowinning, with and without additives. Adding 20 mg L^-1 of chloride ion increased the measured diffusion coefficient, but commercial smoothing additives had little effect. An empirical formula to predict cupric diffusivity was generated for later use in mass transport modeling.

Boundary layer thickness information for commercial …

Experimental Optimization Of Simulated Ring Rolling Operation For Heavy Rail Industry, Jacob M. Summers

Masters Theses

“Industrially cast AISI 1070 steel wheel pre-forms from Amsted Rail Co. were experimentally hot rolled to simulate the conditions for industrial wheel rolling. Ring rolling of near net shape castings can improve location specific properties by decreasing segregation, closing porosity, and reducing grain size without the use of multiple forging operations in a traditional forging line. As-cast wheel sections were subjected to thermomechanical processing routes using a 2-high rolling mill in a temperature range of 830°C to 1200°C. The goal being to simulate the ring rolling process and optimize benefits of mechanical properties of the as-rolled steel. Charpy V- and …

Exploring The Effects Of Chip Flexibility On The Behavior Of Standing Seam Diaphragms To Brace Cold Formed Steel Purlins, Michael W. Seek

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Cold-formed steel C- and Z-shaped purlins in standing seam roof systems rely on the diaphragm action provided by the panels to restrain lateral movements and thus increase the load carrying capacity the purlins. The clip connection between the purlin and the panel has inherent and sometimes intentional flexibility designed to accommodate thermal deformations. The lateral deformation behavior of standing seam systems supported by Zees is highly nonlinear and this behavior is not well understood. The flexibility has major implications on the transfer of diaphragm forces throughout these systems and simplified models often grossly overpredict the demands on the diaphragm and …

Method For Reducing Warping Stresses In Torsionally Loaded I-Section Members Using Cfrp Plates, Mamadou Konate, Zia Razzaq

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper presents a method for reducing warping normal stresses in torsionally loaded I-section members by utilizing carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates. The CFRP plates are bonded to the outer surfaces of the flanges with a view to reducing warping normal stresses. The maximum warping normal stress in the flanges of a steel I-shaped member without the CFRP plates is compared to those obtained with the CFRP plates having various thicknesses. It has been found that the use of CFRP plates bonded to both flanges of the I-section result in a substantial reduction of the warping stresses. For the study …

Study Of The Thermodynamic Properties Absorbation Sulfur Storage Gas Of Zinc And Copper Industry, Berdiyarov Tilovkabulovich Berdiyarov Dr., Sh. T. Khojiev, S. T. Matkarimov, Sh. Munosibov

Technical science and innovation

The article considers the problems of utilization of industrial gases formed in the production of copper and ore containing sulfur anhydrides. Currently, the composition of process gases entering the gas purification department is approximately 6-7% SO₂, 0.2-0.3% SO₃ and other gases, until sulfuric acid is obtained from these gases, the sulfate is treated in a counter-scheme with 8% sulfate acid. The aim is to first reduce the temperature of the exhaust gases and second to avoid flying components such as as As, F, Se. As a result of the studies, the amount of SO₂ in the …

Study Of Alloy And Process Modifications To Design Hydrogen Resilient High Hardness Steels, William R. Williams

Theses and Dissertations

High hardness steels (HHS) are vulnerable to hydrogen embrittlement, which can lead to rapid degradation of mechanical properties. Improved resistance to hydrogen embrittlement would be beneficial to many industries including construction, automotive, and military. A comparison study was performed to assess the hydrogen susceptibility of select commercially available and in-house designed HHS alloys. Slow strain rate tensile tests, performed with specimens charged with various levels of hydrogen, provided a macroscopic view of the onset of hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen permeation and thermal desorption spectroscopy tests determined the uptake and diffusivity of hydrogen through the material. The evaluation of hydrogen susceptibility for …

The Process-Structure-Property-Performance Of Aisi 1020​, Jonathan Wellman, Tate James, Robbie Christman, Brian Broom

ME 4133/6133 Mechanical Metallurgy

AISI 1020 is widely used in many different industries due to its high strength, high ductility, high machinability, and good weldability. AISI 1020 has a number of applications. Low carbon steel can be used on a macroscale to build bridges, and low carbon steel can be used on smaller scales such as Lawnmower blades. Low carbon steel is the material of choice for lawn mower blades because of its ability to bend before it breaks. The ductile attribute of low carbon steel also has many other benefits.

Ti-6al-7nb Utilization In Surgical Implants, Michael O. Fleming

ME 4133/6133 Mechanical Metallurgy

This presentation discusses the processing, structure, properties, and performance of Ti-6Al-7Nb in relation to use as a surgical implant.

Development Of Pspp Map For Stainless Steel Alloys Used In A Marine Environment, Jarrett D. Hawkins

ME 4133/6133 Mechanical Metallurgy

A process-structure-properties-performance map will be created for these alloys focusing on the modification of the structure or composition and outlining the processes required and the affected properties. A thorough review of different chemical alloys, grain refining methods, and grain boundary compositions for several alloys and their corresponding property effects. Also plan to review material treatment processes and standard refining methods for stainless steels. The performance of these metals will be evaluated for property requirements in regards to strength, toughness, with an emphasis on corrosion resistance.

Tungsten: The Strongest Natural Metal On Earth, Haley E. Holland, Razan Khadka, Lee Marble, Kaleb Tutor

ME 4133/6133 Mechanical Metallurgy

The overall objective of this project was to construct a process-structure-property-performance (PSPP) map for a chosen metallic material. The material chosen by the group is tungsten (W). Tungsten is a rare, naturally occurring element and is usually found in the form of ores. It is known predominantly for its ability to withstand extreme temperatures, as well as its high tensile strength. The PSPP map displays many specifications of tungsten in each of the four categories and further details regarding each specific linkage, or subcategory, within the map are written throughout the research paper.

Along with the four specific categories outlined …

Analysis Of Titanium Alloy Ti-6al-4v, Hunter C. Smith, Gordin Smith

ME 4133/6133 Mechanical Metallurgy

Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V was chosen for examination, more specifically, the Properties and Performance of the alloy. The students will share the responsibility of examining the attributes of the material. The team members participate evenly in performing research, producing calculations, and constructing the final report. Contained herein is the information gathered through research conducted thus far.

The performance of the material will be related to the processing methods of the material. This relationship forms the basis of cost analysis. The students will examine the atomic characteristics and crystalline structure to determine the effects of the alloyed materials on properties such as …

An Analysis Of The Effects Of Process, Structure, And Properties On The Performance Of The Ti6al4v Alloy, Brad Jay Sampson, Loubna Ifqir

ME 4133/6133 Mechanical Metallurgy

Ti6Al4V (pronounced Ti-64), is a titanium alloy used in a variety of engineering applications including the aerospace, automotive, and biomedical industries. Ti6Al4V is made up of a combined ɑ-β microstructure, which provides it with many valuable properties such as high strength, low weight, high melting point, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. [1] For years, casting and forging have been the traditional processes used for the manufacturing of Ti6Al4V components, but recent interest in the additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V through the Electron Beam Melting (EBM), Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and Directed Energy Deposition (DED) methods has been gained. The goal of this …

Al 6061 Alloy, Will Mckelvey, Evan Robertson, Justin Yates

ME 4133/6133 Mechanical Metallurgy

We want to portray the Al 6061 manufacturing and machining processes and how these affect the mechanical properties of the material. We also want to portray the strength and weaknesses and the reasons why it is used in certain applications.

Duplex Stainless Steel 2205 In The Pulp And Paper Industry, Charlie S. Wilcher, Trevor Davus

ME 4133/6133 Mechanical Metallurgy

Duplex stainless steel’s durability, formability, and resistance to corrosion make it the primary steel option of the pulp and paper industry. The harsh environments found in certain aspects of this industry, such as in bleach plants, digesters, liquor vessels, and any piping where corrosive liquids may be passed, require the previously mentioned properties that duplex stainless steel 2205 offer. The structure and properties of duplex stainless steel, as well as the processes it undergoes, allow for it to withstand these environments. Research into the structure and properties of duplex stainless steel and the processes it undergoes will indicate how duplex …

Ar400 Wear Plates, Jase Tatum, Bryson Miller, John Howell, Aaron Alexander

ME 4133/6133 Mechanical Metallurgy

Wear resistance is an invaluable performance metric for most metallic components found in mechanical systems. Our research focused on AR400, a steel alloy known for its wear resistance capabilities, in an effort to determine what factors might be attributed to its performance in wear applications. After establishing the processing techniques and resulting material structures that give AR400 such an edge in extreme wear conditions, our goal is to determine indicators of wear resistance that can be used to distinguish excellent wear resistant alloys from average or subpar performers against wear.

Investigating Cobalt Chrome Alloy For Use In Biomedical Applications, Morgan Calhoun, Caitlin Cade

ME 4133/6133 Mechanical Metallurgy

Cobalt Chrome alloys, in particular cast Co-Cr ASTM-F75, are often used as the material for medical implants due to a combination of material properties: high strength, stiffness, temperature endurance, and wear / corrosion resistance. We aim to demonstrate and discuss what characteristics make it such a desirable material in the production of metallic biomedical implants

Titanium Ti-6al-4v, James Aaras Ross Brundege

ME 4133/6133 Mechanical Metallurgy

Titanium alloys, such as Ti-6A1-4V, used as biomaterials possess great characteristics compared to other alloys such as stainless steel alloys. Characteristics such as biocompatibility, enhanced corrosion, strain, and fatigue resistance provide amazing benefits from these alloys. Providing an understanding of Ti used in biomedical applications and production can provide insight into its benefits and limitations as well as the areas of potential improvement for future study.

3xx Aluminum Alloys For Ice Implementation, Kyle A. Taylor, Eric Cleckner, Jeffery Garrett

ME 4133/6133 Mechanical Metallurgy

The material to be explored for the purpose of this project relates to the Aluminum alloys used in the majority of modern engine “heads” and a number of engine “blocks”. The Aluminum used for these engine applications vary slightly across different manufacturers in their processing, structure and ultimate properties, despite their nearly identical performance applications. Part of the interest in this particular subject is the slight variations across manufacturing that result in different performance. Regardless of idiosyncrasies, these Al alloys are expected to perform under varying temperatures, with the ability to elastically deform and return to their original shape. They …

Stochastic Lightning Damage Prediction Of Carbon/Epoxy Composites With Material Uncertainties, S.Z.H. Shah, Juhyeong Lee

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

This study presents a novel stochastic modeling framework predicting lightning thermal damage in carbon/epoxy composites. The stochastic lightning damage model (SLDM) was developed with random distributions of composite’s electrical conductivity and void. The Box-Muller transformation was applied to generate random in-plane and through-thickness electrical conductivities with Gaussian distributions. The SLDM suggested that the predicted lightning thermal damage to carbon/epoxy composites increased slightly with the use of stochastic electrical conductivity, but the presence of voids did not significantly affect the damage development. The predicted size and shape of lightning thermal damage agreed fairly well with experimental results. In addition, the proposed …