Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Lipid Production From Microalgae As A Promising Candidate For Biodiesel Production, Arief Widjaja

Makara Journal of Technology

Recently, several strains of microalgae have been studied as they contain high lipid content capable to be converted to biodiesel. Fresh water microalgae Chlorella vulgaris studied in this research was one of the proof as it contained high triacyl glyceride which made it a potential candidate for biodiesel production. Factors responsible for good growing of microalgae such as CO2 and nitrogen concentration were investigated. It was found that total lipid content was increased after exposing to media with not enough nitrogen concentration. However, under this nitrogen depletion media, the growth rate was very slow leading to lower lipid productivity. The …

On The Performance Of Svd-Dwt Based Digital Video Watermarking Technique With Semi-Blind Detector, Tarzan Basaruddin, Della Maulidiya

Makara Journal of Technology

On the Performance of SVD-DWT Based Digital Video Watermarking Technique with Semi-Blind Detector. This paper presents a watermarking technique for digital video. The proposed scheme is developed based on the work of Ganic and Chan which took the virtue of SVD and DWT. While the previous works of Chan has the blind detector property, our attempt is to develop a scheme with semi-blind detector, by using the merit of the DWT-SDV technique proposed by Ganic which was originally applied to still image. Overall, our experimental results show that our proposed scheme has a very good imperceptibility and is reasonably robust …

Finite Element Model Of A Tennis Racket, Sayali Shashikant Kapatkar

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

An explicit finite-element (FE) model of a tennis racket and string was produced in NASTRAN/PATRAN. MSC/NASTRAN is a general-purpose FEA program capable of solving a wide variety of engineering problems such as linear static analysis, static analysis with geometric and material with nonlinearities, transient analysis with geometric and material nonlinearities. A finite element racket model was used to study the engineering characteristics that affect the "sweet spot" of a te1mis racket. A similar model was simulated by creating a tennis racket, a tennis ball and a string-bed, and it was validated against MADYMO (Mathematical Dynamic Model) data.

The MADYMO validation …

Improved Predictive Power Control Of Cdma System In Rayleigh Fading Channel, Adit Kurniawan, Iskandar Iskandar, Sayid Machdar

Makara Journal of Technology

In this paper an improved prediction-based power control is proposed for code division multiple access (CDMA) systems in Rayleigh fading channel environments. One of the most serious problems which degrades the performance of power control algorithm is the effect of feedback delay. To overcome the effect of feedback delay, power control needs to employ prediction algorithm which utilises the correlation property of the past channel samples measurements to predict the future sample values. In CDMA power control, however, the correlation property of channel measurements is destroyed because the transmit power is continuously updated for each power control interval. The prediction …

Implementation Of Web Cam As Motion Detector With Directshow Interfacing, Yonatan Santoso, Iwan Setiyawan, Victor N. Papilaya

Makara Journal of Technology

Implementation of Web Cam as Motion Detector with DirectShow Interfacing. One of many ways to take control a web cam is by using DirectShow which is integrated in DirectX. DirectShow acts like an API therefore it is easier to use. Afterwards, web cam will be implemented to detect object’s motion as well as camera surveillance. The method is by comparing a reference image with other image which is taken lately. If there are differences between those image it means motion has been detected.

Thermal Stability Of Clay's Galleries In Polypropylene - Clay (Montmorillonite) Nanocomposites Using Polypropylene-Gmaleic Anhydride As Compatibilizer, Sotya Astutiningsih, Pandu Lanang Kinasih, Arief Cahyo Wibowo

Makara Journal of Technology

Thermal Stability of Clay's Galleries in Polypropylene - Clay (montmorillonite) Nanocomposites using Polypropylene-g- Maleic Anhydride as Compatibilizer. Superior properties of food packaging can be achieved using nanocomposite technology. However, fabrication of this materials are complex and expensive. Long term objectives of this research is the synthesis of low cost polypropylene clay nanocomposites (PPCN) via a short-cut method known as ‘cascade engineering’. Cascade engineering principle in PPCN fabrication is performed by using compatibilizer (to enable the mixing of PP and clay) masterbatch, and PPCN in one pot process using melt mixer. This paper present the experimental results using small-angle x-ray diffraction …

Muara Bekasi – Muara Tawar Offshore Transmission Pipeline Routing And Economic Analysis., Asep Handaya Saputra, Ardiansyah Ardiansyah

Makara Journal of Technology

Muara Bekasi – Muara Tawar Offshore Transmission Pipeline Routing and Economic Analysis. Power plant Muara Tawar will substitute the need of oil fuel to gas as form of economizing and energy conservation. The nearest supply point to fulfill natural gas needed on Muara Bekasi. So that Power Plant Company needed to develop gas pipeline infrastructure to joining the point.The purpose of this study is to create a system of gas transmission pipeline from gas supply point at Muara Bekasi to Power Plant Muara Tawar trough to offshore area. Design of gas transmission pipeline is started with technical data collection and …

Ceramic Matrix Composite Characterization Under A Combustion And Loading Environment, Andrew R. Nye

Theses and Dissertations

Lightweight materials that can withstand high temperatures and corrosive environments are constantly sought after in the aerospace industry, typically for Gas Turbine Engine (GTE) application. These materials need to retain their strength throughout the long service period they would see in the combustor and turbine components of a GTE. One material that is ideal for these types of applications is an oxide/oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC). The fatigue behavior of the oxide/oxide CMC Nextel^TM 720/Alumina (N720/A) was investigated in a unique high temperature environment. N720/A consisted of an 8-harness satin weave of Nextel^TM aluminum oxide/silicon oxide fibers bound …

Interfacial Energy Between Carbon Nanotubes And Polymers Measured From Nanoscale Peel Tests In The Atomic Force Microscope, Mark C. Strus, Camilo I. Cano, R. Byron Pipes, Cattien V. Nguyen, Arvind Raman

Other Nanotechnology Publications

The future development of polymer composite materials with nanotubes or nanoscale fibers requires the ability to understand and improve the interfacial bonding at the nanotube-polymer matrix interface. In recent work [Strus MC, Zalamea L, Raman A, Pipes RB, Nguyen CV, Stach EA. Peeling force spectroscopy: exposing the adhesive nanomechanics of one-dimensional nanostructures. Nano Lett 2008;8(2):544–50], it has been shown that a new mode in the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), peeling force spectroscopy, can be used to understand the adhesive mechanics of carbon nanotubes peeled from a surface. In the present work, we demonstrate how AFM peeling force spectroscopy can be …

The Effect Of Silicon Content On Impact Toughness Of T91 Grade Steels, Ajit K. Roy, Pankaj Kumar, Debajyoti Maitra

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

The impact resistance of silicon (Si)-containing modified 9Cr-1Mo steels has been investigated within a temperature regime of -40 to 440°C using the Charpy method. The results indicate that the energies absorbed in fracturing the tested specimens were substantially lower at temperatures of -40, 25, and 75°C compared to those at elevated temperatures. Lower impact energies and higher ductile-to-brittle-transition-temperatures (DBTTs) were observed with the steels containing 1.5 and 1.9 wt.% Si. The steels containing higher Si levels exhibited both ductile and brittle failures at elevated temperatures. However, at lower temperatures, brittle failures characterized by cleavage and intergranular cracking were observed for …

On Stresses Induced In A Thermal Barrier Coating Due To Indentation Testing, Jin Yan, Anette M. Karlsson, Marion Bartsch, Xi Chen

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Instrumented indentation has been suggested as a method to determine interfacial fracture toughness of thermal barrier coatings. However, in a previous experimental study we showed that the results are ambiguous. In this work, we investigate the experimental results by numerical simulations incorporating the material microstructure. In the numerical simulations, based on finite element analyses, the stress fields that are associated with the loading and unloading of the indenter are investigated. By comparing these stress fields to the damage observed in the experimental study, including crack path and interfacial delaminations, we explain key findings from the experimental observations. Our results suggest …

Thermocapillary Effects In Driven Dewetting And Self-Assembly Of Pulsed Laser-Irradiated Metallic Films, Agegnehu Atena, Mikhail Khenner

Mathematics Faculty Publications

In this paper the lubrication-type dynamical model is developed of a molten, pulsed laser-irradiated metallic film. The heat transfer problem that incorporates the absorbed heat from a single beam or interfering beams is solved analytically. Using this temperature field, we derive the 3D long-wave evolution PDE for the film height. To get insights into dynamics of dewetting, we study the 2D version of the evolution equation by means of a linear stability analysis and by numerical simulations. The stabilizing and destabilizing effects of various system parameters, such as the peak laser beam intensity, the film optical thickness, the Biot and …

Thermocapillary Effects In Driven Dewetting And Self-Assembly Of Pulsed Laser-Irradiated Metallic Films, Agegnehu Atena, Mikhail Khenner

Mathematics Faculty Publications

In this paper the lubrication-type dynamical model is developed of a molten, pulsed laser-irradiated metallic film. The heat transfer problem that incorporates the absorbed heat from a single beam or interfering beams is solved analytically. Using this temperature field, we derive the 3D long-wave evolution PDE for the film height. To get insights into dynamics of dewetting, we study the 2D version of the evolution equation by means of a linear stability analysis and by numerical simulations. The stabilizing and destabilizing effects of various system parameters, such as the peak laser beam intensity, the film optical thickness, the Biot and …

Impacting Testing Of High Temperature Ceramics Through The Use Of A Vitiated Heater For Hot And Cold Fire Collisions, Adrian Trejo

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Material testing is a crucial step during the design process as particular materials serve as safety and life saving conditions. In this study, a MoSi2 is chosen as the target specimen to undergo impact under high temperatures. An impact apparatus is designed and constructed for the purpose of propelling alumina particles at high velocities. A nozzle using compressed nitrogen gas is used to fire the particle at the desired velocities. Due to the possibility of thermal shock occurring at higher temperatures, a separate nozzle utilizing vitiation heating is designed to fire the particle at equally higher temperatures to prove the …

Oxidation Modeling By Means Of Molecular Dynamics, Chaiyod Soontrapa

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Oxidation modeling is normally engineered to study systems at macroscopic scales, mostly in analytical forms based on diffusion theories. The associated time scale is usually in months, days, or minutes, and the length scale is in the order of microns. In this dissertation, oxidation modeling is performed at atomistic scale with the time and length scales in picoseconds and angstroms, respectively, using molecular dynamics. Molecular dynamics simulations generate trajectories of each atom or particle in a system according to the laws of physics. Studying oxidations under the atomistic point of view can offer new insights on atomic behaviors and influencing …

Fracture Toughness, Crack-Growth-Rate And Creep Studies Of Alloy 276, Joydepp Pal

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Austenitic nickel-base Alloy 276 had been proposed to be a candidate structural material within the purview of the nuclear hydrogen initiative program. A mechanistic understanding of high temperature tensile deformation of this alloy has already been presented in an earlier investigation. The current investigation has been focused on the evaluation of crack-growth behavior, fracture toughness, stress-corrosion-cracking and creep deformation of this alloy as functions of different metallurgical and mechanical variables. The results of crack-growth study under cyclic loading indicate that this alloy exhibited greater cracking tendency with increasing temperature at a constant load ratio (R). However, the effect of temperature …

Effects Of Mechanical And Metallurgical Variables On Creep, Fracture Toughness And Crack Growth Behavior Of Alloy 617, Muhammad Hasibul Hasan

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Nickel base Alloy 617 has been identified to be a suitable structural material for heat exchanger applications in both hydrogen and electricity generation using nuclear heat. A maximum operating temperature of 950°C has been specified by department of energy (DOE) for both applications to achieve a maximum possible efficiency. Therefore, an extensive investigation has been pursued to evaluate time-dependent-deformation (Creep) of this alloy as functions of temperature and applied load. The results indicate that this alloy exhibited severe creep deformation, characterized by development of an instantaneous tertiary creep region at 850 and 950°C under applied stresses corresponding to its 35% …

Detection Of Voids In Prestressed Concrete Bridges Using Thermal Imaging And Ground-Penetrating Radar, David G. Pollock, Kenneth J. Dupuis, Benjamin Lacour, Karl R. Olsen

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

Thermal imaging and ground-penetrating radar was conducted on concrete specimens with simulated air voids. For the thermal imaging inspections, six concrete specimens were constructed during the month of June 2007 to simulate the walls of post-tensioned box girder bridges. The objective was to detect simulated air voids within grouted post-tensioning ducts, thus locating areas where the post-tensioning steel strands are vulnerable to corrosion. The most important deduction taken from these inspections was that PT-ducts and simulated voids were more detectable in the 20 cm (8 in.) thick specimens than in the 30 cm (12 in.) thick specimens. While inspections of …

Isolation Of Methyl Laurate From Coconut Oil As Raw Material For Fatty Alcohol Sulfate, Rita Arbianti, Tania Surya Utami, Astri Nugroho

Makara Journal of Technology

Isolation of Methyl Laurate from Coconut Oil as Raw Material for Fatty Alcohol Sulfate. Methyl laurate is a raw or base material for many industries, including surfactant industries. In this research, coconut oil (VCO) is transesterified with methanol to produce methyl ester, using NaOH as the catalyst. Methyl laurate is then separated by method based on the difference in melting point. This research focuses at determining the effects of some variables in transesterification on the concentration of produced methyl laurate. The variables are temperature (40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC, 80 oC), time of transesterification reaction (0,5 hour, 1 hour, …

The Decompositioning Of Volatile-Matter Of Tanjung Enim Coal By Using Thermogravimetry Analyzer (Tga), Nukman Nukman

Makara Journal of Technology

The Decompositioning of Volatile-Matter of Tanjung Enim Coal by using Thermogravimetry Analyzer (TGA). Coal is a nature material which a kind of energy source. The decompotition of coal could analyze by heat treated using thermogravimetry analyzer. The decomposition of the volatile matter for three kinds of Tanjung Enim coal could be known. The value of activation energy that be found diference, then for Semi Anthracite, Bitumonius and Sub Bituminous Coal, the initial temperatures are 60.8 oC, 70.7 oC, 97.8oC, and the last temperatures are 893.8 oC, 832 oC, 584.6oC.

Phase Unwrapping Insar Image Using Local Energy Minimization Approach, Kusworo Adi, Tati L.R. Mengko, Andriyan B. Suksmono, Hendra Gunawan

Makara Journal of Technology

Phase Unwrapping InSAR Image Using Local Energy Minimization Approach. Reconstruction process of phase data from its cover is called Phase Unwrapping (PU). Ideally, without any noise phrase, singularity, and aliasing problems, the phase information can be unwrapped easily. However, in fact, the phase data actually always get noise disturbance and discontinuity. The PU process becomes more complicated and needs a better PU algorithm to address the problems properly. In this research, the local PU algorithm is developed using minimization of close related firstorder pixels energy approach. In this method, the energy difference between four close related pixels is counted, followed …

Two Element Microstrip Antenna Array With Defected Ground Structure, Fitri Yuli Zulkifli, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo, Muhamad Asvial, Djoko Hartanto

Makara Journal of Technology

Two Element Microstrip Antenna Array with Defected Ground Structure. This paper presents a two element microstrip antenna array using trapezium shape defected ground structure (DGS). The DGS is inserted in the ground plane between two elements of antenna array. Insertion of the DGS is intended to suppress the mutual coupling effect produced by antenna array. Simulation and measurement results were taken and compared between antenna array with and without DGS. Measurement results show that the antenna with DGS compared to antenna without DGS can suppress mutual coupling effect to 7.9 dB, improve the return loss to 33.29% from -30.188 dB …

Hydrogen Absorption In Weldments Of Overlaid Claded Pressure Vessel, Ronnie Higuchi Rusli

Makara Journal of Technology

Cracks was found in type 347 stainless steel internal attachment welds of a reactor for a high temperature, and high pressure hydrogen service. One of the possible causes of cracking is low cycle fatigue cracking induced by repetition of thermal stress to embrittled weld metal. Type 347 weld metal loses its ductility by presence of sigma phase and hydrogen.

Neutron Irradiation On Ss316 Material For Radioactive Endovascular Stent Production, Rohadi Awaludin, Abidin Abidin, Sriyono Sriyono

Makara Journal of Technology

Neutron Irradiation on SS316 Material for Radioactive Endovascular Stent Production. It was reported that restenosis could be prevented by radioactive endovascular stent. SS316 material of endovascular stent has been irradiated at pneumatic rabbit system of G.A. Siwabessy reactor for 5 minutes for producing radioactive stent by neutron activation. After 10 days of decay, the irradiated SS316 was measured by gamma spectrometer. The radioisotopes of 51Cr, 59Fe and 60Co were detected in the irradiated SS316 with radioactivity of 5990, 107 and 109 Bq/mg respectively. The Calculation results showed that radioisotopes of 51Cr, 59Fe and 55Fe were produced by neutron activation. The …

Physical Characteristics And Utilization Oft The Karst Beaches In Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Astrid Damayanti, Ranum Ayuningtyas

Makara Journal of Technology

Physical Characteristics and Utilization oft the Karst Beaches in Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Karsts beaches at Gunungkidul Regency (Baron, Kukup, Sepanjang, Drini, Krakal, Ngandong, and Sundak), located in south of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province, have economic potential. Even they have similarity in geological condition (genesis and morphological processes), but they have different physical characteristics. Based on result of observation environment on morphological conditions and spatial analysis method, we found the proper utilization of the beaches.

Spectral Response Surfaces And The Ringing Response Of Offshore Structures, I Ketut Suastika

Makara Journal of Technology

A method, called spectral response surface method, is proposed for the study of the ringing phenomenon of offshore structures. Newman’s results for diffraction force on a column were reformulated in terms of the frequency components of the ocean surface and their Hilbert transforms. Using a first-order reliability method together with a dynamic model for the structural response, it is straightforward to calculate the ocean surface history most likely to generate an extreme ringing response and the ringing response history.

Rheological Study Of Polymer Flow Past Rough Surfaces With Slip Boundary Conditions, Anoosheh Niavarani, Nikolai V. Priezjev

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

The slip phenomena in thin polymer films confined by either flat or periodically corrugated surfaces are investigated by molecular dynamics and continuum simulations. For atomically flat surfaces and weak wall-fluid interactions, the shear rate dependence of the slip length has a distinct local minimum which is followed by a rapid increase at higher shear rates. For corrugated surfaces with wavelength larger than the radius of gyration of polymer chains, the effective slip length decays monotonically with increasing corrugation amplitude. At small amplitudes, this decay is reproduced accurately by the numerical solution of the Stokes equation with constant and rate-dependent local …

High Temperature Heat Exchanger Annual Report, Anthony Hechanova

Publications (NSTD)

Objectives

• Identify candidate materials for heat exchanger components.

• Test candidate materials for heat exchanger components.

• Design critical components in the interface between the reactor and hydrogen production plant and within the sulfur iodine thermochemical process.

• Fabricate prototypical components.

• Test prototypical components.

Microstructural Characterization Of Diode Laser Deposited Ti-6al-4v, Tian Fu, Zhiqiang Fan, Syamala R. Pulugurtha, Todd E. Sparks, Jianzhong Ruan, Frank W. Liou, Joseph William Newkirk

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Laser Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) is an effective approach to manufacturing or repairing a range of metal components. The process is a layer-by-layer approach to building up a three dimensional solid object. The microstructure influences mechanical properties of the deposited parts. Thus, it is important to understand the microstructural features of diode laser deposited parts. This paper presents a microstructure analysis of a diode laser deposited Ti-6Al-4V onto a Ti-6Al-4V substrate. laser deposited parts. This paper presents a microstructure analysis of a diode laser deposited Ti-6Al-4V onto a Ti-6Al-4V substrate.

Freeform Fabrication Of Zirconium Diboride Parts Using Selective Laser Sintering, Ming-Chuan Leu, Erik B. Adamek, Tieshu Huang, Greg Hilmas, Fatih Dogan

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Using the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process, both flexural test bars and 3D fuel injector components have been fabricated with zirconium diboride (ZrB₂) powder. Stearic acid was selected as the binder. Values of SLS process parameters were chosen such that the green parts could be built with sharp geometrical features and that the sintered parts could have good mechanical properties. After binder burnout and sintering, the SLS fabricated ZrB₂ test bars achieved 80% theoretical density, and the average flexural strength of the sintered samples was 195 MPa. These values demonstrate the feasibility of the SLS process for …