Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Organic Additives For Copper Electroplating Of Interconnects, Yue-Hui Zhai, Yi-Xiao Peng, Yan Hong, Yuan-Ming Chen, Guo-Yun Zhou, Wei He, Peng-Ju Wang, Xian-Ming Chen, Chong Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Copper interconnects are essential to the functionality, performance, power efficiency, reliability, and fabrication yield of electronic devices. They are widely found in chips, packaging substrates and printed circuit boards, and are often produced by copper electroplating in an acidic aqueous solution. Organic additives play a decisive role in regulating copper deposition to fill microgrooves, and micro-vias to form fine lines and interlayer interconnects. Generally, an additive package consists of three components (brightener, suppressor, and leveler), which have a synergistic effect of super-filling on electroplating copper when the concentration ratio is appropriate. Many works of literature have discussed the mechanism of …

Effect Of Amine Additives On Thermal Runaway Inhibition Of Sic||Ncm811 Batteries, Bo-Wen Hou, Long He, Xu-Ning Feng, Wei-Feng Zhang, Li Wang, Xiang-Ming He

Journal of Electrochemistry

The high energy density of NCM batteries with high nickel content is a key advantage in replacing fossil fuels and promoting clean energy development, at the same time, is also a fundamental cause of serious safety hazards in batteries. Primary and secondary amines can lead to ring-opening polymerization of common ethylene carbonate electrolytes, resulting in an isolation layer between the cathode and the anode, and improving the thermal safety of the battery. In this work, the safety of batteries is considered both at the material level and at the cell level, based on the chemical reactions between amines and the …

Effects Of Traps On Photo-Induced Interfacial Charge Transfer Of Ag-Tio2: Photoelectrochemical, Electrochemical And Spectroscopic Characterizations, Zhi-Hao Liang, Jia-Zheng Wang, Dan Wang, Jian-Zhang Zhou, De-Yin Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

In the field of metal-semiconductor composites based plasmon-mediated chemical reactions, a clear and in-depth understanding of charge transfer and recombination mechanisms is crucial for improving plasmonic photocatalytic efficiency. However, the plasmonic photocatalytic reactions at the solid-liquid interface of the electrochemical systems involve complex processes with multiple elementary steps, multiple time scales, and multiple controlling factors. Herein, the combination of photoelectrochemical and electrochemical as well as spectroscopic characterizations has been successfully used to study the effects of traps on the photo-induced interfacial charge transfer of silver-titanium dioxide (Ag-TiO₂). The results show that the increase of surface hydroxyl groups may …

Influence Of Forming Forces On Torsional, Tensile, And Compressive Deformation Of Paperboard Packages, Arvo Niini, Panu Tanninen, Juha Varis, Ville Leminen

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Paperboard packages were tested mechanically to investigate influence of forming forces on torsional, tensile, and compressive deformation. The packages were paperboard trays which were press formed with different pressing forces and blank holder forces. Deformation of the trays was observed with torsion, compression, and tensile tests. A statistical analysis of test results was conducted to derive optimal forming forces. Increased pressing force yielded desirable deformation characteristics with the trays. Blank holder force had largest impact on the compressive deformation. Interaction of the pressing force and the blank holder force influenced the torsional and the compressive deformation. The optimal forming forces …

Multiscale Modeling And Gaussian Process Regression For Applications In Composite Materials, Joshua Arp

All Dissertations

An ongoing challenge in advanced materials design is the development of accurate multiscale models that consider uncertainty while establishing a link between knowledge or information about constituent materials to overall composite properties. Successful models can accurately predict composite properties, reducing the high financial and labor costs associated with experimental determination and accelerating material innovation. Whereas early pioneers in micromechanics developed simplistic theoretical models to map these relationships, modern advances in computer technology have enabled detailed simulators capable of accurately predicting complex and multiscale phenomena.

This work advances domain knowledge via two means: firstly, through the development of high-fidelity, physics-based finite …

Double Cantilever Beam Mode-I Testing Validation In Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing Carbon Composite, Luis Alfonso Camacho

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Testing for mechanical properties for additive manufacturing has been based on already existing standards for traditional manufacturing methods. For composites in large scale additive manufacturing there is a research gap in bond strength and fracture toughness for a single layer interface. By using Double cantilever beam Mode I, this thesis manuscript validates testing parameters and protocols to describe the intricacies of ABS matrix 20 wt.% carbon filled composite, specifically on the layer-to-layer interface. Studies suggest that fracture toughness is sensitive to process parameters, like deflection speed and sharpened crack tip at the layer interface of BAAM 3D printed part and …

Characterization Of Mechanically Recycled Polylactic Acid (Pla) Filament For 3d-Printing By Evaluating Mechanical, Thermal, And Chemical Properties And Process Performance, Mahsa Shabani Samghabady

All Theses

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biopolymer made from renewable resources such as sugar and corn. PLA filament is a popular material used in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D-printing. While this material has many advantages, all the failed parts, support structures, rafts, nozzle tests, and the many prototype iterations during the 3D-printing process contribute to the plastic pollution and release of greenhouse gases. Although PLA is biodegradable, it can take years to degrade in landfills. Instead of throwing away PLA waste and buying new filaments, PLA can be recycled. Amongst the different recycling technologies, mechanical recycling is the most environmentally friendly. …

Development And Characterization Of Lead & Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cell Materials, Rubaiya Murshed

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

In recent years, perovskite photovoltaic technology has offered enormous viability and dimensionality in solar cell research. As a light-harvesting active layer, Perovskite generated remarkable development in device efficiency of 25.7% for the single-junction solar cell, and over 33% for the perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell. Also, perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cell (also called all-perovskite tandem solar cell) shows great potential in device performance and achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.4%. Transitioning photovoltaic technology from the laboratory to commercial products, high PCE, low cost, long lifetime, and low toxicity are some of the critical factors to consider during material selection. Pb-halide …

Mechanical Properties Of Biocomposite With Various Composition Of Caco3 And Starch, Agris Setiawan, Fransisca Diana Wahyuningsih, Riria Zendy Mirahati

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Calcium carbonate has the potential to be used in the development of medical materials, including biomaterials. Biocomposite is composed of CaCO3 as matrix material and bioplastic from the combination of corn starch and cassava starch as reinforcement. This study aims to determine mechanical properties such as tensile strength and bending/flexural strength with varying compositions of CaCO3 and bioplastic. Characterization of the biocomposite uses Scanning Electron Microscope to observe the microstructure and composition elements of their structure. This study used 4 variations in the ratio of CaCO3 suspension: (Corn Starch + Cassava Starch). Each sample was characterized using specimen code A …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Nitrogen-Doped Activated Carbon For Lithium Battery Anode Applications, Prihanto Trihutomo, Poppy Puspitasari, Muhammad Bustomi Radja, Milzam Rahmat Busono

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Nitrogen-dopped activated carbon was synthesized to see its effect on the characterization of the nitrogen surface functional groups, crystal size, and morphology of the resulting sample. Synthesis of nitrogen-doped activated carbon was carried out by varying the addition of Urea as a nitrogen doping source. Activated carbon compared its characteristics with variations in the concentration of added Urea to activated carbon, at 1:3 and 1:5. The FTIR results obtained were the presence of functional groups indicating the presence of nitrogen bonds in each sample. The crystallinity results showed that the samples were classified as crystalline and nitrogen doping influenced the …

Designing A Naabsa Class Tanker Ship With Bottom Protection From Ground, Victor A. Kulesh, Mathias B. Prasetio, Fam Chung Hiep

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Indonesia is the world's largest archipelago country with a high potential for economic development and top producer and exporter of palm oil. As an archipelago country, the most efficient cargo transportation routes are through rivers and seas. Designing and building tankers, taking into account the specifics of the operation, are relevant. The paper considers the issues of designing a tanker for the transportation of crude palm oil with a defined operation area and route. The general concept of the vessel is proposed, taking into account the restrictions on the navigation area and draft for operation in the river. Particular attention …

Effect Of Grafting Nano-Tio2 On Sansevieria Cylindrica Fiber Properties, Chrisrulita Sekaradi Wiguna, Heru Suryanto, Aminuddin Aminuddin, Jibril Maulana, Joseph Selvi Binoj, Alamry Ali

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Natural fibers, which are abundant, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable, are used as a replacement for synthetic fibers. The composite strength can be increased by treating the surfaces of natural fibers with suitable chemicals, which can also improve the interface interaction between fiber and matrix. Application of a coupling agent in chemical treatment is utilized to reinforce the bonding between fiber and matrix. The objective of the study is to determine the influence of silane concentration on the Sansevieria cylindrica fiber properties. The methods included fibers treatment using ethanol and coupling agent as dissolving and TiO2 with concentrations of 0%, 0.25%, …

The Combustion Characteristics Of Calophyllum Inophyllum Fuel In The Presence Of Magnetic Field, Imam Rudi Sugara, Nasrul Ilminnafik, Salahuddin Junus, Muh Nurkoyim Kustanto, Yuni Hermawan

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

The study objective is to investigate the combustion characteristics of Callophyllum inophyllum fuel in presence of a magnetic fields. To conduct the experiment, a bunsen burner was utilized, with fuel and air being dispensed via a syringe pump and compressor, both regulated by a flowmeter. The fuel and air pipes were heated to 532.15 (K) to facilitate fuel evaporation. The equivalent ratio of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 was adjusted to control air discharge and fuel. An 11,000 gausses artificial magnet was used, with N-S, N-S, N-N, and SS being the various magnetic pole configurations. The study found that the magnetic …

Effect Of Current And Pulse-On Time On Material Removal Rate And Surface Roughness Of Tungsten Carbide In Electric Discharge Machine Die-Sinking, Mochamad Deny Riyanto, Andoko Andoko, Heru Suryanto

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

The focus of manufacturing for tungsten carbide applications often demands a smooth surface quality as the result of the Electric Discharge Machine (EDM) die-sinking process, especially in the manufacture of die and mold with tungsten carbide material processed using a die-sinking EDM machine. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of electric current and pulse-on time on the Material Removal Rate (MRR) and surface roughness of tungsten carbide. Through the experimental method, the parameters varied, namely electric current 17 A, 20 A, 23 A, and pulse-on time 30 µs, 55 µs, and 80 µs. MRR was calculated …

Lap Joint On St.37 Steel Plate With Friction Welding Clamping Method, Widia Setiawan, Nugroho Santoso, Wiyadi Wiyadi, Muhammad Sulistiyo Aji, Rachmat Alamin, Achsan Tarmudi

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Friction stir (FW) welding is a relatively fresh method that was created and has been continually refined and adapted to industrial applications due to its benefits. This approach for solid-state joining entails connecting the components at a temperature below their melting point and then heating them up. Clamp joint applications are widely used using external heating and hitting with high strength, but the clamped joints with the FW method are rarely done. The research studied the characteristic of clamped joints at various plate thicknesses using the FW method. In this study, 30 specimens were used in the form of a …

The Effect Of Cutting Speed Of Nitrogen Laser Cutting On The Surface Texture Of Sus 304 Plate, Yanuar Rohmat Aji Pradana, Raka Afrianto, Chandra Hairat Abdul Rahman, Andoko Andoko

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

The focus of today’s machining industry is on how to maintain high productivity and low cost achieved by high tool life during the operation. Laser cutting is considered the right solution because it offers cutting speeds of up to 170000 mm/min through a non-contact process regardless of the workpiece material hardness. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of cutting speed on the surface texture aspects namely surface roughness, kerf shape, and dross height on the stainless steel 304 plate after laser cutting. The nitrogen laser was utilized with the cutting speed of 400, 1700, and 2000 …

Analysis Of Fire And Smoke Spread In Ki Hajar Dewantara Auditorium, State University Of Jakarta, Using Fire Dynamics Simulator, Pratomo Setyadi, Ariq Harits Arrizq

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Fire behavior and smoke spread are influenced by various factors, including the amount and condition of combustible material, ventilation openings, and ceiling height. A high amount of combustible material in the auditorium poses a significant fire hazard, hence, efforts need to be made to minimize the risk. One approach is to use Computational Fluid Dynamic software, such as Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), to model fire combustion. In this research, it provides an overview of the heat release rate (HRR) of fires that occur as well as the effect of differences in ceiling height and the effect of ventilation on fire …

Effect Of Temperature Variations Of Corn (Maize) Oil Biodiesel On Torque Values And Thermal Efficiency Of Diesel Engines, Suardi Suardi, Rodlian Jamal Ikhwani, Ade Putri Rezki Aulia

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

The trend of consumption of hydrocarbon fuels in Indonesia, which is increasing every year, is not accompanied by the amount of production, which is decreasing. Alternative fuels to reduce dependence on hydrocarbon fuels. One form of alternative fuel is biodiesel, which is made from corn (maize) oil. Corn oil itself, if processed, can be an option for clean and environmentally friendly energy option and that is the main objective of this research is to determine the performance of biodiesel corn oil on diesel engines. The method used in this study is an experimental method where corn oil biodiesel is tested …

Recent Progress Of Bifunctional Electrocatalysts For Oxygen Electrodes In Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells, Tian-Long Zheng, Ming-Yu Ou, Song Xu, Xin-Biao Mao, Shi-Yi Wang, Qing-Gang He

Journal of Electrochemistry

Unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs), which oxidize hydrogen to water to generate electrical power under thefuel cells (FCs) mode and electrolyze water to hydrogen under the water electrolysis (WE) mode for recycling, areknown as clean and sustainable energy conversion devices. In contrast to the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) andhydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the hydrogen electrode side, the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the oxygen electrode side requires highly efficient bifunctional oxygencatalysts. Conventional precious metal oxygen catalysts combine Pt and IrO₂ with excellent ORR and OER activities toachieve bifunctional electrocatalysis performance, but …

Ultramicroelectrode Experiments: Principles, Fabrications And Voltmmetric Behaviors, Zhen Ma, Jia-Yang Lin, Wen-Jing Nan, Lian-Huan Han, Dong-Ping Zhan

Journal of Electrochemistry

Due to the small size at least in one dimension (< 25 μm), ultramicroelectrode (UME) has small electric-double-layer capacitance, low IR drop, rapid mass transfer rate, fast response, high signal/noise ratio and high spatiotenporal resolution. UME is qualified not only to study the kinetics of fast electrode processes, but also to act as the probe of scanning electrochemical microscopies to obtain the localized chemical or electrochemical reactivity of the substrates. Thus, UMEs play a significant role in various research domains of electrochemistry, and have become an important electrochemical experimental method. Herein, we will introduce the basic principles, a simple fabrication method and voltammetric experimental protocols of UME, providing a guide to carry out the UME experiments.

Band Alignments Of Metal/Oxides-Water Interfaces Using Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics, Yong-Bin Zhuang, Jun Cheng

Journal of Electrochemistry

Band alignments of electrode-water interfaces are of crucial importance for understanding electrochemical interfaces. In the scenario of electrocatalysis, applied potentials are equivalent to the Fermi levels of metals in the electrochemical cells; in the scenario of photo(electro)catalysis, semiconducting oxides under illumination have chemical reactivities toward redox reactions if the redox potentials of the reactions straddle the conduction band minimums (CBMs) or valence band maximums (VBMs) of the oxides. Computational band alignments allow us to obtain the Fermi level of metals, as well as the CBM and VBM of semiconducting oxides with respect to reference electrodes. In this tutorial, we describe …

Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Taking The Initial Stage Of Cu Electrodeposition On Au(111) As An Example, Zhuo Tan, Kai-Xuan Li, Bing-Wei Mao, Jia-Wei Yan

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) plays an important role in the field of electrochemistry, which can obtain potential-dependent structural information of electrode surface with high spatial resolution and observe some reaction processes in electrolyte solutions, and provide a powerful way to understand the interfacial structure and electrode processes from the perspective of high spatial resolution. In this article, the study of electrodeposition of Cu on Au (111) by ECSTM is taken as an example to introduce the experimental methods required for ECSTM and share our experience with other electrochemical groups. Firstly, the working principle of STM is introduced so that …

A Strong And Ductile Cobalt-Free Solid-Solution Fe30ni30mn30cr10 Multi-Principal Element Alloy From Hot Rolling, Hans Pommerenke, Jiaqi Duan, Nathan Curtis, Victor Delibera, Adam Bratten, Andrew Hoffman, Mario Buchely, Ronald O'Malley, Haiming Wen

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Most of the face-centered cubic (FCC) multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) developed thus far contain cobalt. for many applications, it is either required or beneficial to avoid cobalt, since cobalt has long-term activation issue (for nuclear applications), is expensive, and is considered a critical material. in addition, FCC structured solid-solution MPEAs tend to have relatively low strength. an FCC solid-solution Fe30Ni30Mn30Cr10 (at %) MPEA was fabricated via arc melting, followed by homogenization at 1100 °C for 12 h. the alloy was hot rolled at 1100 °C with a total reduction of up to 97 %. the microstructure was characterized, and mechanical …

The Plastics Collection Reference Packet, Special Collections Research Center

Special Collections Research Center

This reference packet is an informational tool to support further research into the history of plastics—whether interested in companies, individuals within the plastics industry's history, historical plastics materials, essays, and more. All content featured within this packet was previously published on the former plastics.syr.edu website as part of a Syracuse University Libraries and Special Collections Research Center (SCRC) partnership established in 2007 with the Plastics Pioneers Association (PPA)—an association of plastics industry professionals interested in preserving the plastics industry's past.

Neurocomputing And Interfacing Digital Tasting System: Research, Design, And Evaluation, Amira J. Zaylaa, Ahmad El Hajj

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The continuous evolution in computing and interfacing has been extended to develop multi-sensory experiences in many domains such as neurological, auditory, vision, and haptic domains. So far, only a few remarkable system approaches have been approved to be serving the taste sensation digitally. Although taste sensation is linked to the brain, there is a lack of optimal neurocomputing digital taste sensation systems. Our study provides a new neurocomputing method to digitally stimulate the sense of taste by electrical stimulation on the human tongue. We aim to link chemical stimulation and electrical stimulation in order to design an electronic interface for …

An Aptamer-Based Microelectrode With Tunable Linear Range For Monitoring Of K+ In The Living Mouse Brain, Yuan-Dong Liu, Jia-Run Li, Li-Min Zhang, Yang Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

Potassium ion (K⁺) is widely involved in several physiopathological processes, and its abnormal changes are closely related to the occurrence of brain diseases of cerebral ischemia. In vivo acquirement of K⁺ variation is significant to understand the roles of K⁺ playing in brain functions. A microelectrode based on single-stranded DNA aptamers was developed for highly selective detection of K⁺ in brain, in which the aptamer probes were designed to contain an aptamer part for specific recognition of K⁺, an alkynyl group used for stable confinement of aptamer probe on the gold surface, and …

Scanning Photoelectrochemical Microscopic Study In Photoinduced Electron Transfer Of Supramolecular Sensitizers-Tio2 Thin Films Systems, Sheng-Ya Zhang, Min Yao, Ze Wang, Tian-Jiao Liu, Rong-Fang Zhan, Hui-Qin Ye, Yan-Jun Feng, Xiao-Quan Lu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Crafting charge transfer channels at titanium dioxide (TiO₂) based photoanodes remain a pressing bottleneck in solar-to-chemical conversion technology. Despite the tremendous attempts, TiO₂ as the promising photoanode material still suffers from sluggish charge transport kinetics. Herein, we propose an assembly strategy that involves the axial coordination grafting metalloporphyrin-based photosensitizer molecules (MP) onto the surface-modified TiO₂ nanorods (NRs) photoanode, forming the composite MP/TiO₂ NRs photoelectrode. As expected, the resulted unique MP_B/TiO₂ NRs photoelectrode displays significantly improved photocurrent density as compared to TiO₂ NRs alone and MP_A/TiO₂ NRs photoelectrode. Scanning …

Morphology And Hemodynamics Of Cerebral Arteries And Aneurysms In A Rare Pair Of Monozygotic Twins, Hang Yi, Zifeng Yang, Luke C. Bramlage, Bryan R. Ludwig

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

In this preliminary study, the underlying pathophysiology mechanisms of cerebral aneurysms (CAs) in monozygotic twins (MTs) were investigated via a rare pair of MTs (twin A and twin B) involving four reconstructed arterial models using preclinical information. First, dimensions and configurated outlines of three-perspective geometries were compared. Adopting an in-vitro validated numerical CA model, hemodynamic characteristics were investigated in the MTs, respectively. Despite expected genetic similarities, morphological comparisons show that configurations of cerebral arteries exhibit significant differences between the twins. The ICA size of twin A is larger than that in twin B (2.23~25.86%), varying with specific locations, attributing to …

P-Doped Ru-Pt Alloy Catalyst Toward High Performance Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Rong-Qin Huang, Wei-Ping Liao, Meng-Xuan Yan, Shi Liu, Yuan-Ming Li, Xiong-Wu Kang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrocatalytic water splitting represents grand promise for hydrogen fuel in modern energy equipment, and the design and fabrication of higher performance catalysts are at the central. Herein, we report the sequential phosphorus (P)-doping into ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles (Ru-P/C) by thermal annealing of Ru nanoparticles in phosphine (PH₃) atmosphere and deposition of extremely low concentration of platinum (Pt) to obtain P-doped Ru-Pt alloy catalyst supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which is denoted as (Ru-P)#Pt/C. The data by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy show that the Ru nanoparticles existed in the form of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase with …

Deep Euteceic Solvents-Assisted Synthesis Of Novel Network Nanostructures For Accelerating Formic Acid Electrooxidation, Jun-Ming Zhang, Xiao-Jie Zhang, Yao Chen, Ying-Jian Fan, You-Jun Fan, Jian-Feng Jia

Journal of Electrochemistry

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been reported as a type of solvent for the controllable synthesis of metal nanostructures. Interestingly, flower-like palladium (Pd) nanoparticles composed of staggered nanosheets and nanospheres are spontaneously transformed into three-dimensional (3D) network nanostructures in choline chloride-urea DESs using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. Systematic studies have been carried out to explore the formation mechanism, in which DESs itself acts as a solvent and soft template for the formation of 3D flower-like network nanostructures (FNNs). The amounts of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium hydroxide also play a crucial role in the anisotropic growth and …