Other Engineering Science and Materials Commons^™

Prospects For Solving The Problem Of Rational Use Of Water Resources Using The Tiiame-1 Sprinkling Machine, M.Kh. Khamidov, A.R. Muratov

Irrigation and Melioration

The information published by the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, and the intermediate results of many years of research carried out by scientists from TIIAME on the development, research and implementation of water-saving technologies in agriculture are presented. The acute shortage of water resources in Central Asia, the problems of increasing the efficiency of the use of water-saving technologies around the world have led to the careful use of available water resources in the region, including the prospects and advantages of using irrigation of crops by sprinkling, as well as the design and technical parameters of the sprinkler developed …

Inadequacy Of Current Water Use Planning At The Level Of Water Users And Wuas, A.A. Alimdjanov, A.Kh. Karimov, B.R. Nasibov

Irrigation and Melioration

This paper studies the main issues of water use planning at the level of water consumers and water user associations (WUA). The study carried out in Bulakbashi district of Andijan province of Uzbekistan, where the main source of irrigation water is the Southern Fergana Main Canal. The study followed two-stage procedure. During the first stage we compiled water use plans for the WUA and water consumers based on the applied methodology of water use planning. Then, at the second stage, we analyzed the results of the actual implementation of the farm water consumption plans and WUA water use plan, and …

Technology And Technical Device Used In The Efficient Use Of Water Resources In Irrigated Agriculture, А.U. Аtajanov

Irrigation and Melioration

The economical use of water resources, the improvement and development of new technology and technical means for its implementation, ensuring the saving of irrigation water is one of the most important issues of today. This article is devoted to the issues of improving the technology of irrigation of furrows and the creation of technical means,also recommended technology and using from created technical device in selected per experiment fields and analyzing their results.

Empirical Assessment Of Climate Change Impacts On Agriculture In Samarkand Region, Sh.B. Babakholov

Irrigation and Melioration

Agricultural production is highly sensitive to climate factors like other endogenous factors, and the expected climate change projections may have a negative impact on the efficiency and income of agricultural producers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of changes in climatic factors (average air temperature and precipitation) on the technical efficiency of cotton growing farmers as its determinants in Samarkand region. Empirical analyzes were performed on the cases of 1141 cotton-growing farms using panel-based Time-Invariant Inefficiency model. According to the results of the analysis, cotton farms in the region have an average technical efficiency of 76%, which in …

Car Wash Complex – Object Of Harmful Impact On Water Resources, M. Radkevich, K. Shipilova, M. Abdukodirova, O. Pochugevski

Irrigation and Melioration

Deals with the problem of the impact of car wash complexes in the city of Tashkent on water resources. The analysis of the technological process of washing and a sociological survey of car owners and employees of car washes revealed the average amount of water used per car wash per year, as well as the amount of harmful substances entering the sewer network of the city of Tashkent. Calculations have shown that the annual water consumption only for passenger cars in Tashkent is about 4.34 million m³, and the wastewater is not properly treated. From one car wash …

Agrochemical Indicators Of New Irrigated Graph-Meadow Soils Formed On The Iii Underfladder Terrace Of Syrdarya, J.M. Kuziev

Irrigation and Melioration

Presents material on the geographical location, geomorphological and geological structure, as well as the agrochemical state of irrigated serozem-meadow soils, common in the Mirzaabad district of the Syrdarya region. According to the data obtained on the chemical analysis of soils, the studied soils are medium- and heavily loamy in texture, where particles of coarse sand predominate (0.05-0.01%). In the arable horizon of these soils, the humus content is 1.088-1.214%, total nitrogen 0.079-0.089%, total phosphorus 0.109-0.124%, and total potassium within 1.15-1.24%, and on the basis of these data, a regularity of the underlying horizon of these soils. The degree of provision …

Water Efficient Technology Of Drip Irrigation In Intensive Gardens, F.U. Juraev, G.H. Karimov

Irrigation and Melioration

The studies were carried out in 2017-2019 at the Zodabek farm on a 6 hectare garden plot with seedlings of half-tall apple trees “Golden Delicious”. Experimental research work was carried out at a groundwater level in the experimental area of 1.5-2.0 m, mineralization 1.0-1.2 g/l in alluvial, mechanical, medium sandy soils with the following irrigation options. The first option is irrigation, at the start of the second - drip irrigation; third, the use of specially designed soil pegs. The following results were obtained: in the control option, the average irrigation rate for three years was 1125.7 m3/ha, with drip irrigation …

Forecasting The Dynamics Of Cotton Yield In The Ferghana Region, V. Vakhobov, А.А. Faiziev

Irrigation and Melioration

Observations of a certain phenomenon, the nature of which changes over time, give rise to an ordered sequence, which is called a time series. In the article, using the method of statistical time series analysis, statistical pattern of time series Y₁ – average yield of cotton in Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan(on materials of CSB of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 1991-2018 years). Point and interval estimates for the average cotton yield were constructed with a 95% guarantee, explicit types of trends were determined, and the yield in the region was predicted for subsequent years. Using statistical …

Hydraulic Elevator For Purification Of Water Supply Facilities Of The Reservoir, R.R. Ergashev, F. Atrikbekova, H. Khusanboeva, B.T. Kholbutaev, N.A. Babazhanov

Irrigation and Melioration

The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of pumping stations operation by improving the methods of uniform flow spreading in the front chamber and inlet of the pumping station and developing constructive measures to improve the hydraulic conditions for supplying the flow to the pumps. The improvement of the method of hydraulic calculation of the flow in the front chamber and the water intake chamber is given on the example of the head pumping station of the Jizzakh cascade. In the process of research, standard methods of full-scale and bench tests of pumps, methods of mathematical and …

Energy-Saving Structure Justification Powerful Tractor And Modern Agricultural Machine, A.K. Igamberdiyev, N.A. Khalikova, N.B. Razikov, O.E. Usarov

Irrigation and Melioration

Discusses the fact that machine-tractor units (MTA) from high-power tractors are often not fully used due to errors in the design and operation of units, their ability to work under certain operating conditions with maximum efficiency and minimum fuel consumption, a method of completing a machine-tractor unit from a high-power technical means is proposed, which ensures the required quality of the technological operation, maximum efficiency and minimum fuel consumption, which must be performed under certain operating conditions. To study the power balance of energy-saving units, consisting of powerful tractors and modern agricultural machinery, an analysis was carried out of a …

Traction Control Of The Friction Drive Of The Vertical Spindle, M. Shoumarova, T. Abdillaev, Sh.A. Yusupov, Ch.A. Shermatova

Irrigation and Melioration

The main indicator in assessing the quality of the work of cotton pickers is its completeness of picking cotton, among the factors that predetermine the completeness of picking a special place is occupied by the direction and magnitude of the absolute speed of the spindle tooth. Among the factors affecting the absolute speed of the tooth, the main place is occupied by the angular speed of rotation of the spindle around its own axis, which depends on the quality of functioning of the friction drive of the spindle. This drive does not always provide its required traction capacity, since due …

Research The Chopper Apparatus Of Equipment For Chopping Pressed Rough Fodders, Sh.H. Gapparov, N.A. Ashurov

Irrigation and Melioration

Livestock is one of the most important agricultural sectors in Uzbekistan and it is based on family livestock farms. On family farms, livestock animals are fed with pressed roughage, including corn stalks, alfalfa hay, barbed straw and wheat straw, mixed with concentrated feed. However, due to the lack of small choppers suitable for small farms, the compressed feed is fed to animals without chopping, as a result of which about 25-30 percent of them go to waste and there are large losses. Taking this into account, a small device was developed for chopping pressed roughage and mixing it with concentrated …

Theoretical Research On Determining The Length Of The Shovels Of A Wheel Of Centrifugal Fans, V.A. Arkhipov, D. Dzhuraev, I.Zh. Toirov, A.E. Urishev

Irrigation and Melioration

Presents the results of theoretical research by scientists, carried out scientific work to determine the length of the shovel of a centrifugal fan wheel. A technological scheme for installing a shovel on a fan wheel disk has been developed Analyzes of these works are carried out, which show that the length of the wheel shovel has a significant dependence on the parameters of the wheel (R, R₁), the angle of installation α and the radius of the arc R₃ of the shovel. An analytical dependence is derived for determining the length of the shovel of a …

Bio-Binder—Innovative Asphalt Technology, Amir Tabakovic

Articles

The global road network spans 16.3 million km [1], of which 5 million km is in the EU. These road networks fulfil major economic and social goals by facilitating the movement of goods and people throughout the EU, and are therefore of the utmost importance to the economic and social life of the EU [2]. National governments invest heavily in their road networks, e.g., in 2014, EUR 53.33 billion was invested in the development and maintenance of the EU road network [3]. Each year, the world produces 1.6 trillion tonnes of asphalt [4], of which 218 million tonnes is produced …

Sustainable Drug Release From Polycaprolactone Coated Chitin‑Lignin Gel Fibrous Scaffolds, Turdimuhammad Abdullah, Kalamegam Gauthaman, Azadeh Mostafavi, Ahmed Alshahrie, Numan Salah, Pierfrancesco Morganti, Angelo Chianese, Ali Tamayol, Adnan Memic

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Non-healing wounds have placed an enormous stress on both patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Severe complications induced by these wounds can lead to limb amputation or even death and urgently require more effective treatments. Electrospun scaffolds have great potential for improving wound healing treatments by providing controlled drug delivery. Previously, we developed fibrous scaffolds from complex carbohydrate polymers [i.e. chitin-lignin (CL) gels]. However, their application was limited by solubility and undesirable burst drug release. Here, a coaxial electrospinning is applied to encapsulate the CL gels with polycaprolactone (PCL). Presence of a PCL shell layer thus provides longer shelf-life for the …

Development Of Reduced Order Models Using Reservoir Simulation And Physics Informed Machine Learning Techniques, Mark V. Behl Jr

LSU Master's Theses

Reservoir simulation is the industry standard for prediction and characterization of processes in the subsurface. However, simulation is computationally expensive and time consuming. This study explores reduced order models (ROMs) as an appropriate alternative. ROMs that use neural networks effectively capture nonlinear dependencies, and only require available operational data as inputs. Neural networks are a black box and difficult to interpret, however. Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a potential solution to these shortcomings, but have not yet been applied extensively in petroleum engineering.

A mature black-oil simulation model from Volve public data release was used to generate training data …

Urine Volume Reduction During Long-Duration Cave Exploration By A Light-Weight And Portable Forward Osmosis System, Sebastian Engelhardt, Katey E. Bender, Jörg Vogel, Stephen E. Duirk, Francisco B. Moore, Hazel A. Barton

International Journal of Speleology

The preservation of caves is a challenge during long-duration cave expeditions where human waste can add significant nitrogen to the cave ecosystem. Since the removal of urine that accumulates during a multi-day caving trip is not always feasible due to weight and volume constraints, a light-weight and portable filtration system that is capable of reducing urine volume would be desirable. In this study we tested the Aquaporin Inside hollow fiber membrane in a forward osmosis (FO) setup to evaluate its capability to reduce urine volume while rejecting nitrogenous compounds using different draw solution chemistries and water recovery rates. As a …

Centrifugal Microfluidic Platform For Solid-Phase-Extraction (Spe) And Fluorescence Detection Applications, Yong Zhang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Solid phase extraction (SPE) is a widely used method to separate and concentrate the target molecules in liquid mixture. Traditional SPE has to be conducted in the laboratory with professional equipment and skilled operators. The microfluidic and 3D printing technology have opened up the opportunity in developing miniaturized automatic instruments. The main contribution of this research is to integrate the SPE process on a novel centrifugal platform. Various valves are applied on the platform to help control the aqueous sample and reagents in the cartridge.

First, a centrifugal microfluidic platform was built for automatically detecting trace oil pollution in water. …

A Modelling Study For Smart Pigging Technique For Pipeline Leak Detection, Caitlyn Judith Thiberville

LSU Master's Theses

Although leak incidents continue, a pipeline remains the most reliable mode of transportation within the oil and gas industry. It becomes even more important today because the projection for new pipelines is expected to increase by 1 billion BOE through 2035. In addition, increasing number and length of subsea tiebacks face new challenges in term of data acquisition, monitoring, analysis, and remedial actions. Passive leak-detection methods commonly used in the industry have been successful with some limitations in that they often cannot detect small leaks and seeps. In addition to a thorough review of related topics, this study investigates how …

Optimal Control Of Active Nematics, Michael M. Norton, Piyush Grover, Michael F. Hagan, Seth Fraden

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

In this work we present the first systematic framework to sculpt active nematic systems, using optimal control theory and a hydrodynamic model of active nematics. We demonstrate the use of two different control fields, (i) applied vorticity and (ii) activity strength, to shape the dynamics of an extensile active nematic that is confined to a disk. In the absence of control inputs, the system exhibits two attractors, clockwise and counterclockwise circulating states characterized by two co-rotating topological þ1 2 defects. We specifically seek spatiotemporal inputs that switch the system from one attractor to the other; we also examine phase-shifting perturbations. …

Microfluidic Systems With Embedded Cell Culture Chambers For High Throughput Biological Assays, Arian Jaberi, Amir Monemian Esfahani, Fariba Aghabaglou, Jae Sung Park, Sidy Ndao, Ali Tamayol, Ruiguo Yang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The ability to generate chemical and mechanical gradients on chips is important both for creating biomimetic designs or enabling high-throughput assays. However, there is still a significant knowledge gap in the generation of mechanical and chemical gradients in a single device. In this study, we developed gradient-generating microfluidic circuits with integrated microchambers to allow cell culture and to introduce chemical and mechanical gradients to cultured cells. A chemical gradient is generated across the microchambers, exposing cells to a uniform concentration of drugs. The embedded microchamber also produces a mechanical gradient in the form of varied shear stresses induced upon cells …

A New Technical Solution For Cleaning The Water Intake Structure Of Pumping Stations From Siltation And Its Experimental Research, M.M. Mukhammadiev, S.R. Juraev

Irrigation and Melioration

The article considers one of the most pressing problems of pumping stations in the irrigation system today, their blurring of the bottom of the water intake (avancamera and water intake chambers), analyzes the existing proposals, designs and technical solutions and their advantages and disadvantages. Given the above advantages and disadvantages, a new design has been proposed for the treatment of water intake structures from turbid sediments with minimal energy and capital expenditures, very cheap and simple to operate and reliable. The design includes a turbid suction pump and a turbid pump, as well as a pulp pipeline. The pressurized water …

Assessing Surface Water Features Using Landsat-8 Oli And Sentinel-1 Satellite Images Case Study Sirdaryo Region, S.M. Muratov, Kh.A. Abdivaitov, Sh.F. Rahmatillayev

Irrigation and Melioration

Water resources have become a very big problem in every part of Uzbekistan for several decades. Water is used not only exclusively for agricultural development, but also for many other purposes, such as industrial and chemical activities. Therefore, it is important to study the properties of surface water objects using optical and microwave satellite images. The Syrdarya region was selected for research. Because in the past, there have been no studies of water bodies using satellite images. The article presents the results of studies on the assessment of water properties from optical and microwave satellite images. In research for optical …

Distribution Of Pressure And Specific Energy In The Twirled Stream For Confusor, A.A. Yangiev, D.S. Adjimuratov

Irrigation and Melioration

Article brings up the advantage of confusor part application in outflow part of vortex spillway, which may be more rational from the point of view of providing non-cavitation operation of flow swirler. Analytical design method and program developed is given of pressure and specific energy for aerated part of swirled flow in vortex spillway confusor part, which match with experimental results, it allows for fast and quite accurate realization of distribution analysis for pressure and specific energy in swirled flow along the length of the confusor for various rates of taper.

Economic Assesment Of The Impact Of Climate Factors On Wheat Yield In Samarkand Region, Sh.B. Babakholov

Irrigation and Melioration

Agricultural production is highly vulnerable to climate shocks and predicted climate consequences may pose severe challenges to the resilience of Uzbek agricultural system, especially in terms of food security and income stability of rural producers. In this context, present study proposed to assess the impact of climate factors, such particular changes in mean temperature and rainfalls on total output of wheat-cultivating farmers in Samarkand region. By considering irrigation source and heterogeneous geography of the region, farmers engaged in wheat production were analyzed in two: upstream and downstream zones using Fixed effect panel approach. The empirical findings of study revealed that, …

Change In Level Water In Pumping-Plant Intake, R.R. Ergashev, B.T. Xolbutayev

Irrigation and Melioration

A decrease in the water level in the pump chamber of the pumping stations leads to the formation of whirlpools in front of the suction pipes. As a result of air intake, the pump unit operates in cavitation mode and their intensive wear occurs. As the data obtained from the Karshi machine channel show, mainly a decrease in design water levels in the downstream waters is observed at the first pumping station. Depending on the number of simultaneously operating pumping units, the minimum water level in the head pumping station should be from 4.5 m to 5.7 m. The received …

Modeling The Impact Of Changes In The Ground Water Level On The Stability Of Agricultural Landscapes Using Gis, A.M. Arifjanov, L.N. Samiev, F.K. Babajanov, G.M. Xamdamova, Sh.N. Yusupov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents modern GIS methods for determining the stability of changes in irrigated areas and the depth of the ground water level.the most correct solutions are given in modeling this process. To distinguish agricultural landscapes, the classification of agricultural acreage in the lower part of the Amu Darya river region was made using 16-day periodic rasters 2017 of 2018 and the NDIS MOD13Q1 sensor of agricultural acreage, type NDVI. The annual change in the level of underground water in relation to the state of rivers and channels is analyzed. A steady change in agricultural acreage on the right Bank …

Determination And Assessment Of The Spatio-Temporal Changing Dynamics In The Groundwater Level And Mineralization In Irrigated Areas Under Climate Change (As An Example Of Syrdarya Province), S. Khasanov, S. Adilov, R. Kulmatov

Irrigation and Melioration

In the irrigated lands of the Aral Sea Basin, salinization processes are taking place as a result of rising groundwater levels and increasing its mineralization due to the unsustainable use of water and land resources. This, in turn, leads to the withdrawing of arable land and a decrease in crop yields. This is especially the case in the irrigated areas of the lower reaches of the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers, located in Uzbekistan, southern Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. This research was aimed to learn and evaluate the long-term changing behavior of groundwater level and mineralization in the irrigated areas of the …

Increasing The Efficiency Of Water Distribution Management When Operating Pumping Stations Of The Irrigation System, O.Y. Glovatsky, R.R. Ergashev, B. Hamdamov, N.M. Ismailov, B.T. Kholbutaev

Irrigation and Melioration

The article is to control the parameters of the unsteady movement of water in the canals and the pumping station, which ensure the maintenance of the specified operating modes of the pumping stations under non-stationary conditions. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the problems of coordinating the operating modes of the units of the head pumping station (PS) with the operating modes of the partitioning structures in the conditions of emptying and filling the ponds of the main canal with water. The article discusses the implementation of the method of water distribution control on the mathematical model …

Analysis Of Theoretical And Natural Field Studies Of Reservoir Silling, A.M. Arifjanov, F. Gapparov, T.U. Apakhujayeva, S.N. Xoshimov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article developed a mathematical model of the processes of siltation of reservoirs, taking into account the energy state of the flow, and proposed a calculation method. In the process of siltation of the reservoir, the dependence of the volume on the change in the water level in the reservoir was estimated. On the basis of studies carried out in full-scale field conditions, the recommended calculation method is comparatively evaluated and analyzed. Field studies were carried out in the Chimkurgan, Tashkent and Yuzhno-Surkhan reservoirs. A relationship is obtained that expresses the dependence of the relative volume of siltation of the …