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- Materials--Fatigue (7)
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Articles 31 - 60 of 103
Full-Text Articles in Mechanics of Materials
Effects Of Prior Aging On The Creep Response Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Pmr-15 Neat Resin At 288°C In An Air Environment, Christopher A. Back
Effects Of Prior Aging On The Creep Response Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Pmr-15 Neat Resin At 288°C In An Air Environment, Christopher A. Back
Theses and Dissertations
The mechanical response of carbon fiber reinforced PMR-15 neat resin with a ± 45 fiber orientation was investigated at 288 °C. Mechanical testing was performed on unaged specimens and specimens that were aged up to 1000 hours in an air environment. Tensile tests were performed to determine Young's modulus of elasticity and Ultimate Tensile Strength. Creep tests were performed at creep stress levels of 30 and 60 MPa. Creep periods of at least 25 h in duration were followed by recovery at zero stress. Duration of the recovery period was at least twice the time of the creep period. Oxidation …
Tension-Compression Fatigue Behavior Of A Carbon Fiber/Epoxy (Im7/Epon 862) Composite Fabricated Using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding Process, David W. Katwyk
Tension-Compression Fatigue Behavior Of A Carbon Fiber/Epoxy (Im7/Epon 862) Composite Fabricated Using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding Process, David W. Katwyk
Theses and Dissertations
New composite materials and processing methods are continually being developed for use in high performance aerospace systems. One of these new processing methods is the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process, which shows promise in producing large structural components that have good properties at a lower cost than traditional manufacturing methods. Future widespread use of components manufactured using the VARTM process depends on understanding how these components perform under service conditions, specifically under impact and fatigue conditions. The tension-compression fatigue behavior of a four-harness satin weave carbon fiber/epoxy (IM7/EPON 862) composite manufactured using the VARTM process is investigated in …
An Evaluation Of High Velocity Wear, Gregory J. Cameron
An Evaluation Of High Velocity Wear, Gregory J. Cameron
Theses and Dissertations
The Holloman High Speed Test Track (HHSTT) is a rocket-powered sled track facility used for testing a variety of hypervelocity aerospace applications. The current speed record is 6,453 miles per hour. While this seems fast there are customers at the track that have requirements demanding even faster speeds. Significant research has been conducted in the area of rail gouging as it relates to the test track, and efforts are under way to reduce and even eliminate this phenomenon. Any steps taken in this effort may eliminate catastrophic sled failures caused by gouging, however wear is another damaging issue that needs …
Effects Of Polishing Shot-Peened Surfaces On Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Ti-6al-4v, Kasey S. Scheel
Effects Of Polishing Shot-Peened Surfaces On Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Ti-6al-4v, Kasey S. Scheel
Theses and Dissertations
The research of this thesis was done to investigate the effects of polishing a shot-peened specimen of Ti-6Al-4V on the fretting fatigue life of that specimen. The shot-peening process, though one of the most beneficial techniques in prolonging fretting fatigue life, creates a textured surface that may lead to problems on the micro level. This research was done in an attempt to further improve the peening process by examining the effects of another surface treatment to be used in conjunction, surface polishing. The rough peened surface may contain abrupt changes in surface geometry that act as stress risers, which are …
Effects Of Phase Difference Between Axial And Contact Loads On Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Titanium Alloy, Mohammad Almajali
Effects Of Phase Difference Between Axial And Contact Loads On Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Titanium Alloy, Mohammad Almajali
Theses and Dissertations
Fretting fatigue is the surface damage that occurs at the interface between two components that are undergoing a small amplitude oscillatory movements. It results in a reduction of the material life as compared to the plain fatigue. Most of the previous works were accomplished under a constant applied normal load and a little effort was done under a variable contact load, while none of these studies has considered the phase difference between the axial load and the contact load. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the effect of phase difference between axial and contact loads on fretting …
Wear Analysis Of Cu-Al Coating On Ti-6al-4v Under Fretting, Karl N. Murray
Wear Analysis Of Cu-Al Coating On Ti-6al-4v Under Fretting, Karl N. Murray
Theses and Dissertations
The effects of changes in the coefficient of friction (CoF) between the contacting surfaces on the fretting wear characteristics of Cu-Al coating on Ti-6Al-4V were investigated. This Cu-Al coating is part of a system that is applied to titanium turbine blades to reduce fretting at the interface. In the application, there is a solid lubricant that is added on top of the coating as an assembly aid and to help reduce the friction while the lubricant remains within the contact. Previous studies have researched the characteristics of the coating without the additional lubricant. In this study, liquid motor oil was …
Evaluation Of Factors Contributing To Damping Of Coated And Uncoated Titanium Plates, Dustin W. Lee
Evaluation Of Factors Contributing To Damping Of Coated And Uncoated Titanium Plates, Dustin W. Lee
Theses and Dissertations
High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) is the leading cause of component failure in gas turbine engines today, which poses great risk to aircraft, engines, and their crews. Mitigation of HCF effects has become a priority topic, and the damping benefits of hard coatings are being reevaluated for this purpose. Research was conducted to further understanding of damping measurements on these coatings. This study continues work to characterize the damping effects of a magnesium aluminate spinel (mag spinel) coating applied to a titanium plate via vibration testing. Two different plate sizes were evaluated in a clamped-free-free-free condition and a free-free-free-free condition, respectively. …
Validation Of A Scaled Plane Strain Hypervelocity Gouging Model, Ronald J. Pendleton
Validation Of A Scaled Plane Strain Hypervelocity Gouging Model, Ronald J. Pendleton
Theses and Dissertations
The phenomenon of high speed impact is of great interest to the Air Force of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory's Holloman High Speed test track. Rocket sled tests at the facility frequently are limited to velocities lower than actually attainable due to damage to the rail in the form of gouges. Direct observation of the gouging phenomenon is not currently possible. This leaves computational modeling as the only means to study the phenomenon. A computer model has previously been used to model the development of gouging at the Holloman High Speed Test Track. However, this model has …
Mechanical Behavior Of Cracked Panels Repaired With Bonded Composite Patch, Michael A. Hansen
Mechanical Behavior Of Cracked Panels Repaired With Bonded Composite Patch, Michael A. Hansen
Theses and Dissertations
This research focuses on investigating the mechanical behavior of cracked aluminum panels repaired with bonded boron/epoxy composite patches. The effects of crack initiation and growth on the residual strength of the repaired panels are characterized. This research establishes a correlation between damage modes, residual strength and evolution of strain within as well as outside the patch. Monotonic tensile tests on specimens with a perfectly bonded patch were used to determine the base line strength. Likewise, fatigue tests on specimens with a perfectly bonded patch served to establish baseline fatigue life. In addition, several specimens with a perfectly bonded patch were …
Internal Damage Detection And Assessment In Beams Using Experimental Natural Frequencies, Frances K. Durham
Internal Damage Detection And Assessment In Beams Using Experimental Natural Frequencies, Frances K. Durham
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated the frequency response of a cantilever beam with the intent of establishing a reliable nondestructive method of damage detection. The test specimens were 12 aluminum 2024 T3 beams, each identical except for a unique, eccentrically located notch, and one reference notchless beam. The machined notches varied in length and location to simulate varying degrees of damage. Laser doppler vibrometry enabled the data acquisition. The changes in natural frequencies were correlated to notch length and notch location. A comparison of eccentric and centered notch influence on the natural frequencies also is discussed.
Analysis Of Computational Methods For The Treatment Of Material Interfaces, Minh C. Nguyen
Analysis Of Computational Methods For The Treatment Of Material Interfaces, Minh C. Nguyen
Theses and Dissertations
Rocket sled tests at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Holloman High Speed Test Track frequently approach velocities where gouging development becomes the limiting factor to achieving higher operating velocities. Direct observation of the gouging process is not possible so computational modeling is necessary to study the phenomenon. Since gouging development is dependent on the impact surface conditions, the method used to model material interfaces directly affects the accuracy of the solution. Three methods are available in the hydrocode CTH to handle material interfaces: 1) materials are joined at the interface, 2) a frictionless slide line is inserted, and 3) a …
Fatigue Behavior Of A Functionally-Graded Titanium Matrix Composite, Scott R. Cunningham
Fatigue Behavior Of A Functionally-Graded Titanium Matrix Composite, Scott R. Cunningham
Theses and Dissertations
Functionally-graded Titanium Matrix Composites are an attempt to utilize the high-strength properties of a titanium matrix composite with a monolithic alloy having the more practical machining qualities. This work studied the mechanical characteristics of the joint region as a first step toward future evaluation of this material. The scope of this effort involved testing under monotonic tension and fatigue loading conditions. Mechanical properties and cyclic behavior were evaluated for the joint area and then compared to those of the parent materials. The results of this study found that the strength of the transition region was slightly higher than the unreinforced …
Tensile Stress Rupture Behavior Of A Woven Ceramic Matrix Composite In Humid Environments At Intermediate Temperature, Kevin J. Larochelle
Tensile Stress Rupture Behavior Of A Woven Ceramic Matrix Composite In Humid Environments At Intermediate Temperature, Kevin J. Larochelle
Theses and Dissertations
Stress rupture tests on the SylramicTM fiber with an in-situ layer of boron nitride, boron nitride interphase, and SiC matrix ceramic matrix composite were performed at 550°C and 750°C with 0.0, 0.2, or 0.6 atm partial pressure of water vapor, pH2O. The 550°C, 100-hr strengths were 75%, 65% and 51% of the monotonic room temperature tensile strength, respectively. At 750°C, the strengths were 67%, 51%, and 49%, respectively. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis estimated the total embrittlement times for 550°C with 0.0, 0.2, and 0.6 atm pH2O were >63 hrs, >38 hrs, and between …
An Investigation Of A Simplified Gouging Model, Gregory S. Rickerd
An Investigation Of A Simplified Gouging Model, Gregory S. Rickerd
Theses and Dissertations
Gouging is a type of structural failure that becomes important when two metals slide against each other at velocities in the range of 1.5 kilometers per second. A computer model has previously been used to model the development of gouging at the Holloman High Speed Test Track. This model has not been experimentally verified to be correct, due to the complexity of the model. This research develops a simplified model that can be experimentally verified. The computer program utilized in this research was studied to determine the most appropriate options to use in simulations. This was accomplished by modeling a …
Role Of Plasticity On Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Ti-6al-4v, Kisu Shin
Role Of Plasticity On Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Ti-6al-4v, Kisu Shin
Theses and Dissertations
Fretting fatigue generally leads to the degradation of the fatigue strength of a material due to cyclic micro-slip between two contacting materials. Fretting fatigue is regarded as an important issue in designing aerospace structures. While many studies have evaluated fretting fatigue behavior under elastic deformation conditions, few studies have focused on fretting fatigue behavior under elastic-plastic deformation conditions. The primary goal of this study was to characterize the fretting fatigue crack initiation behavior in the presence of plasticity. Experimental tests were performed using pad configurations involving elastic-plastic deformations. In order to calculate stress distributions under elastic-plastic fretting fatigue conditions, FEA …
Analytical Results For A Single-Unit System Subject To Markovian Wear And Shocks, Daniel E. Finkelstein
Analytical Results For A Single-Unit System Subject To Markovian Wear And Shocks, Daniel E. Finkelstein
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis develops and analyzers a mathematical model for the reliability measures of a single-unit system subject to continuous wear due to its operating environment and randomly occurring shocks that inflict a random amount of damage to the unit. Assuming a Markovian operating environment and shock arrival mechanism, Laplace-Stieltjes transform expressions are obtained for the failure time distribution and all of its moments. Moreover, an analytical expression is derived for the long-run availability of the single-unit system when it is subject to an inspect-and-replace maintenance policy. The analytical results are illustrated, and their results compared with those of Monte Carlo-simulated …
Optimization Process For Configuration Of Flexible Joined-Wing, Cody C. Rasmussen
Optimization Process For Configuration Of Flexible Joined-Wing, Cody C. Rasmussen
Theses and Dissertations
This study established a weight optimized configuration design of a joined-wing sensor-craft. The joined-wing aircraft concept fulfills a proposed long-endurance surveillance mission that contains an antenna structure embedded in the wing skin. The analysis was completed utilizing structural optimization, aerodynamic analyses, and response surface methodology. A sample of 62 joined-wing configurations were weight optimized. Each optimized structure was determined through a change of skin, spar, and rib thickness in the wing box by determining trimmed maneuver and gust conditions for critical flight mission points. Since the joined-wing concept has non-linear deformation characteristics, the structural optimization used both strain and buckling …
An Electromagnetic Tool For Damping And Fatigue Analysis, Todd M. Hoover
An Electromagnetic Tool For Damping And Fatigue Analysis, Todd M. Hoover
Theses and Dissertations
An automated test system was developed by the USAF Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility (TEFF). This system was initially designed to reduce the time and manpower required to characterize damping treatments. It is based on a digitally controlled environmental chamber with automated data acquisition and processing. Several outputs are available including identification of natural frequencies, modal damping ratios from the acquired frequency responses, and changes in damping with response amplitude; however, the TEFF additionally desires the capability to study fatigue under a free boundary condition. The system consists of a test specimen suspended by a pendulum to closely simulate free boundary …
Effect Of A Variable Contact Load On Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Ti-6al-4v, Andrew J. Jutte
Effect Of A Variable Contact Load On Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Ti-6al-4v, Andrew J. Jutte
Theses and Dissertations
Effects of a variable contact load on the high cycle fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6AL-4V were investigated. Experimental tests were performed using a new test setup capable of applying a contact load varying in amplitude, frequency, and phase and independently measuring shear forces on opposite sides of a specimen. Finite element analysis (FEA) of experimental and idealized loading conditions was performed and local mechanistic parameters and the Modified Shear Stress Range (MSSR) fatigue parameter were determined. Correlations between contact width, slip amplitude, fatigue life and a variable contact load were established with variable contact loading shown to have a damaging …
The Evaluation Of The Damping Characteristics Of A Hard Coating On Titanium, Christopher M. Blackwell
The Evaluation Of The Damping Characteristics Of A Hard Coating On Titanium, Christopher M. Blackwell
Theses and Dissertations
Engine failures due to fatigue have cost the Air Force an estimated $400 million dollars per year over the past two decades (Garrison, 2001). Damping treatments capable of reducing the internal stresses of fan and turbine blades to levels where fatigue is less likely to occur have the potential for reducing cost while enhancing reliability. This research evaluates the damping characteristics of magnesium aluminate spinel, MgO+Al2O3, (mag spinel) on titanium plates. The material and aspect ratio were chosen to approximate the low aspect ratio blades found in military gas turbine fans. The plates were tested with …
Experimental And Computational Failure Analysis Of Graphite/Bismaleimide Laminated Composite And Carbon Foam In Sandwich Construction, Troy C. Welker
Experimental And Computational Failure Analysis Of Graphite/Bismaleimide Laminated Composite And Carbon Foam In Sandwich Construction, Troy C. Welker
Theses and Dissertations
Sandwich beams consisting of a carbon foam core and graphite/bismaleimide face sheets were constructed and tested. Nine specimens were fabricated using three distinct cross-ply symmetric face sheet layups with a constant core thickness. Four-point bend testing controlled by a constant rate of midspan vertical displacement was used to load the specimens to failure. Displacements and strains from the experiment were compared to analytical sandwich beam theory and displacements and failure loads were compared to a layerwise finite element solution. A phenomenological failure criterion was developed that compares favorably with experimental failure data. The finite element solution gives failure within an …
Stress Analysis Of Silicon Carbide Microeletromechanical Systems Using Raman Spectroscopy, Stanley J. Ness
Stress Analysis Of Silicon Carbide Microeletromechanical Systems Using Raman Spectroscopy, Stanley J. Ness
Theses and Dissertations
During the fabrication of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), residual stress is often induced in the thin films that are deposited to create these systems. These stresses can cause the device to fail due to buckling, curling, or fracture. Government and industry are looking for ways to characterize the stress during the deposition of thin films in order to reduce or eliminate device failure. Micro-Raman spectroscopy has been successfully used to analyze poly-silicon MEMS devices made with the Multi-User MEMS Process (MUMPS trade name). Micro-Raman spectroscopy was selected because it is nondestructive, fast and has the potential for in situ stress monitoring. …
Reduction Of Thermal Residual Strains In Adhesively Bonded Composite Repairs, Heather R. Crooks
Reduction Of Thermal Residual Strains In Adhesively Bonded Composite Repairs, Heather R. Crooks
Theses and Dissertations
Many military and commercial aircraft are being called upon to fly well beyond their original intended service lives. This has forced the United States Air Force (USAF) to increasingly rely on structural repairs to address fatigue induced damage and to extend aircraft useful life. The focus of this research is the use of a high-strength composite patch technique to repair a fatigue crack on an aluminum aircraft structure. This study investigates the thermal residual strains that occur as a direct result of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the repair patch and the underlying cracked metallic structure to …
The Effect Of A Hard Coating On The Damping And Fatigue Life Of Titanium, Frank T. Ivancic
The Effect Of A Hard Coating On The Damping And Fatigue Life Of Titanium, Frank T. Ivancic
Theses and Dissertations
This project compares the damping and fatigue life of bare titanium plates to those coated with magnesium aluminate spinel (mag spinel). Two different coating thicknesses were tested: .005" per side and .010" per side (total thicknesses of .010" and .020"). Dynamic ping tests were conducted on all specimens to determine their resonance frequencies. Laser vibrometry was used to determine the mode at each resonance frequency. Damping ratios were determined through the use of sine sweeps. A vibration mode was selected at which to fatigue the specimens, and the stress pattern was analyzed utilizing the Stress Pattern Analysis by Thermal Emissions …
Effects Of Shot-Peening On High Cycle Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Ti-6al-4v, Halil I. Yuksel
Effects Of Shot-Peening On High Cycle Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Ti-6al-4v, Halil I. Yuksel
Theses and Dissertations
Effects of Shot-peening on High Cycle Fretting Fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V were investigated. Experiments were performed with 6.35 mm thick specimens which provided S/N curves. After the tests, it was observed that the specimens failed near the trailing edge of contact. Scanning Electron Microscopy showed that cracks initiated on the contact surface for 6.35 mm, and at the depth of specimen ranging from 200 to 300 microns for 3.81 mm thick specimens. Initial crack orientation was around 37 and 42 degrees respectively for 6.35 and 3.81 mm thicknesses. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted, and using FEA results, Smith-Watson-Topper, Findley, …
Examination Of Contact Width On Fretting Fatigue, Russell S. Magaziner
Examination Of Contact Width On Fretting Fatigue, Russell S. Magaziner
Theses and Dissertations
The primary goal of this study was to find the effects on the fretting fatigue life when systematically holding the fretting fatigue variables, peak contact pressure, maximum/minimum nominal bulk stress, and the ratio of shear traction to pressure force constant while varying the contact semi-width through changes in pad radius and normal load. Experimental tests were performed on a test setup capable of independent pad displacement. Analytical and finite element simulations of the different experimental tests were performed. The local mechanistic parameters were inspected. Five different critical plane based fatigue predictive parameters lacked effectiveness in predicting changes in life with …
Computational Investigation Of Aeromechanical Hcf Effects In A Compressor Rotor, Andrew L. White
Computational Investigation Of Aeromechanical Hcf Effects In A Compressor Rotor, Andrew L. White
Theses and Dissertations
High-Cycle Fatigue is a major problem facing the gas turbine industry today. It has been investigated by many researchers, using many different methods. Due to its highly complex nature, designers still do not have adequate tools to accurately predict the onset of high-cycle fatigue. A three-dimensional Navier-Stokes program was used to perform a study of the unsteady aerodynamics on a compressor rotor. The effect of aerodynamic detuning on the forced response of a rotor blade was compared to a baseline tuned rotor case. Detuning consisted of a ten percent decrease in circumferential spacing between alternate pairs of blades. The high-cycle …
Fatigue Response Of Thin Stiffened Aluminum Cracked Panels Repaired With Bonded Composite Patches, Jason B. Avram
Fatigue Response Of Thin Stiffened Aluminum Cracked Panels Repaired With Bonded Composite Patches, Jason B. Avram
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigated the fatigue response of precracked and patched 2024-T3 Aluminum panels with stiffeners. Patches were single-sided, unidirectional three ply boron/epoxy. Stiffeners were 2024-T3 aluminum and were riveted and bonded on. Disbonds were introduced into the repair bondline by inserting teflon strips. Three disbond configurations were investigated rack tip disbond (CTD) located at the edge of the patch in the path of crack propagation, full-width disbond (FWD) covering the entire crack, and end disbond (ED) located at each end of the patch and covering the full width. Each repaired panel was subjected to tension/tension cyclic fatigue with a maximum …
Modification Of Position And Attitude Determination Of A Test Article Through Photogrammetry To Account For Structural Deformation, Sean A. Krolikowski
Modification Of Position And Attitude Determination Of A Test Article Through Photogrammetry To Account For Structural Deformation, Sean A. Krolikowski
Theses and Dissertations
This study improved the current method of position and attitude determination to account for structural deformation of the wind tunnel test article due to aerodynamic loading. To account for deformation, parabolic bending and linear twisting coefficients were added into the Levenberg-Marquardt multi-parameter solver. By accounting for deformation, the accuracy of position and attitude determination was greatly improved. This study also takes a qualitative look at the optimum number of wind tunnel cameras and model targets. Optimal configuration was found to be around 50 targets and 2 cameras offset by 90 degrees.
The Development Of A Finite Element Program To Model High Cycle Fatigue In Isotropic Plates, William C. Shipman
The Development Of A Finite Element Program To Model High Cycle Fatigue In Isotropic Plates, William C. Shipman
Theses and Dissertations
As part of a joint AFRL/DAGSI turbine blade research effort, a computer program has been developed that uses a von Karman large-deflection two-dimensional finite element approximation to determine stress levels and patterns in isotropic thin plates. The dynamic loading of various plates has been carried out in order to model a high cycle fatigue situation. The research considered the various effects of mode shapes, resident frequency, non-linear cyclic effect, endurance limits, and stress variations within a high cycle fatigue environment. Two main initiatives were taken. First, a transient analysis tool was developed that calculates stress and displacement patterns over a …