Engineering Science and Materials Commons^™

Optimization And Characterization Of Carrageenan/Alginate Ratio And Seaweed Waste To Develop Composite Bioplastics From Kappaphycus Alvarezii, Ali Ridlo, Retno Hartati, Agus Sabdono

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Carrageenan and alginate, derived from seaweed, offer potential as alternatives to traditional plastics. This study aims to assess the properties of biodegradable bioplastics made from a composite of carrageenan, alginate, and waste from K. alvarezii seaweed carrageenan extraction. A mixture of carrageenan and alginate was added with a ratio of 4:6 and K. alvarezii extraction waste 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 % waste concentration,  in the carrageenan-alginate-waste mixture. The process involves blending carrageenan, alginate, waste, glycerol, and distilled water until uniform at 90o C and 1000 rpm for 45 minutes, followed by molding, immersion in a 4% CaCl2 solution, …

Green-Synthesized Yttrium-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: A Promising Optical Material, Sasmita Sarangi, Nibedita Nayak, Binita Nanda, Tapas Sahoo

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This work focuses on the green synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of yttrium-doped cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles. A green approach was adopted using Acacia concinna fruit extract as surfactant and stabilizing agent. Their structural, morphological, and physical-chemical properties were characterized using different analytical techniques, like XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR, PL, Raman, UV-Visible Spectroscopy. XRD study validated the structure of cubic fluorite-type structure of CeO2 nanoparticles, with the average crystallite size ranging between 7-15 nm. Raman spectroscopy validated this structure with F2g band observed at 463 cm−1. FESEM images showed irregular spherical morphologies with grain sizes in the range of 50-60 nm. …

Pyrolysis And Modification Of Coconut Shell Into Sulfonated Biochar And Its Catalytic Activity On Cellobiose Conversion, Addy Rachmat, Yessi Eka Wahyu, Poedji Loekitowati Hariani, Fahma Riyanti, Fatma Fatma

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Coconut shell was successfully valorized into sulfonated biochar through carbonization in various temperatures and duration. This work aims to provide suitable solid acid carbonaceous catalyst for cellobiose conversion into valuable product. Sulfonated biochar is characterized to evaluate its crystallinity, sulfonate, and oxygenated functional groups by XRD method and FTIR spectroscopy. The resulting solid acid carbonaceous material was tested toward cellobiose hydrolysis to assess its catalytic activity in various time, temperature, and catalyst weight. FTIR spectra reveals some of the biochar product has sulfonate group as indicated by absorbance band at 1234 cm‒1, 1070 cm‒1 and 1180 cm‒1, which belongs to …

Macro-Encapsulation Of Polyethylene Glycol And Magnetite (Fe3o4) In Concrete As Phase Change Materials For Building Thermal Management, Muhammad Fauzi, Budhy Kurniawan, Anggito Pringgo Tetuko, Timbangen Sembiring, Fanna Nilam, Amdy Fachredzy, Perdamean Sebayang

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Thermal management technology is a crucial strategy for reducing energy consumption in buildings by utilizing stored solar energy. This study developed a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based phase-change material (PCM), selected for its superior physicochemical stability, high latent enthalpy, and environmental compatibility. To enhance thermal conductivity, 20 vol% magnetite (Fe₃O₄) was incorporated into the PEG matrix. The composite was synthesized via an ultrasonic-assisted method (37 kHz, 80°C, 1 h). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline structure of PEG and the cubic phase of Fe3O4, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) validated the synthesis by identifying Fe–O, C–H, and O–H functional groups. Scanning electron …

The Effect Of Pt And Pd Decoration On Sno2 Slant Nanorods Fabricated Using Dc Magnetron Sputtering With Oad Technique For Co Gas Sensing Applications, Nampueng Pangpaiboon, Thitiporn Kaewyou, Sethavut Duangchan, Kata Jaruwongrungsee, Manatsawee Srirak, Tossaporn Lertvanithphol, Viyapol Patthanasettakul, Tawee Pogfay, Mati Horprathum, Saksorn Limwichean

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This research investigates the effect of Pt and Pd decoration on the structure of SnO2 slant nanorods (SNRs) films produced using DC magnetron sputtering with Oblique Angle Deposition (OAD), as well as their impact on the films' physical properties and gas sensing applications. Pt and Pd were deposited onto the SnO2 SNRs for the same duration of 20 s each. Following deposition, all the films were heat-treated temperature at 400℃ for 2 h. The characterization of both as-deposited and annealed films involved analyzing the physical morphology using FE-SEM and the crystal structure using GI-XRD. It was observed that the structure …

Microwave Absorption Properties Of Porous Activated Carbon/Nickel Oxide Composites Derived From Coconut Husks, Mohamad Zul Aqiman Shukeri, Nor Zakiah Yahaya, Ezzan Afifah Zainuddin, Nazri Mahmud, Liyana Zahid, Hasliza A. Rahim

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Porous Activated Carbon (AC) is a promising material for microwave absorbing materials, showing potential in communication and modern warfare. The study explores the process of creating porous AC from coconut husks using hydrochloric acid and carbonization at varying temperatures, followed by doping AC with nickel oxide to create an AC/NiO polymer composite with varying thicknesses. These composites are compared to AC composites loaded in a paraffin matrix. The dielectric and microwave (MW) properties of the AC/NiO and AC polymer composites at various thicknesses were analyzed using a Performance (PNA)-X Network Analyzer. The study also examines the carbon content and porosity …

Improvement In Electrical And Energy Storage Properties Of Lead-Free Bnkt-Bt Piezoceramics, Manlika Kamnoy, Supalak Manotham, Pichitchai Butnoi, Sukum Eitssayeam, Piewpan Parjansri

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The electrical characteristics and energy storage performance of BNKT-BT lead-free piezoceramics were examined. All ceramics were produced via the mixed oxide technique. The findings indicated that the density of this ceramic system varied between 5.61 and 5.83 g/cm3. Conditions with 2.0 mol% (BT=0.02) and 6.0 mol% (BT=0.06) exhibited the largest dielectric constant (er) at both ambient temperature and elevated temperature, with values of 1307 and 4272, respectively. The ceramic sample with BT = 0.06 exhibited the highest values of %strain ~0.13 and a d*33 ~179.65 pm/V. Furthermore, BT-doped ceramics yielded optimal energy storage densities compared to undoped BNKT ceramics. The …

Optimization Of Indigo Dyeing On Modal Fabrics Using Thiourea Dioxide As An Environmentally Friendly Reducing Agent, Monthon Nakpathom, Buppha Somboon, Nootsara Narumol, Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit, Pisutsaran Chitichotpanya, Nattaya Vuthiganond

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This investigation examines the potential of thiourea dioxide as an environmentally reducing agent for dyeing of natural indigo on modal fabrics. Although traditional sodium dithionite is effective, its sulfur by-products generate environmental concerns. Thiourea dioxide, which provides a more environmentally friendly alternative, was studied under various dyeing conditions. In this study, six dyeing parameters, including thiourea dioxide and sodium hydroxide concentrations, reduction temperature, reduction duration, dyeing time, and reduction-oxidation cycles, were optimized to enhance color strength. Results indicated that the most favorable reduction conditions were achieved when 80 g/L of thiourea dioxide and 2 g/L of sodium hydroxide were heated …

Eco-Friendly Synthesis Of Flower-Like Hierarchical Structure Of Cuo Nps For Advancing Photocatalytic Efficiency And Antibacterial Applications, Yodchai Tangjaideborisut, Shanmugam Shanmugam, Supakorn Boonyuen, Govindasamy Siva, Prema Yugala, Joon Ching Juan, Choowin Phanawansombat, Atchariya Pitintharangkul, Seerangaraj Vasantharaj, Pornpan Pungpo, Pariya Na Nakorn

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

In recent decades, environmental pollution caused by organic dyes and pathogenic microorganisms has posed significant challenges to both ecological and public health. Therefore, the development of multifunctional materials capable of simultaneously degrading dyes and exhibiting antibacterial properties is crucial for effective environmental remediation. Combining photocatalytic dye degradation with antibacterial activity offers a promising approach to address these dual concerns in a single process. The present study investigates the copper oxide nanparticles (CuNPs) were prepared by green synthetic method using bamboo extract for degradation of methylene blue and in inactivation of biological pathogens. The green synthesized CuONPs were characterized various spectroscopic …

Enhancing Efficiency And Productivity Of Microbial Fuel Cells For Optimization Of Wastewater Treatment With Bioenergy Production, Diptimayee Pradhan, Krishna Pada Bauri, Debarpita Ghosal, Satchidananda Mishra, Abhijeet Das, Aditya Raj Singh, Akhil Gedela, Kumbhakarna Mallik, Mohammed Hassan Ali Hbag

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The primary objective is to remove the pollutants from the wastewater streams and reintegrate them into the water cycle, therefore safeguarding the environment and promoting public health. The utilization of membrane fuel cells (MFCs) enables the conversion of organic molecules present in wastewater into electrical energy, while concurrently generating potable water. To optimize the process, it is essential to understand the parameters that affect the performance and the relevant techniques such as electrode materials, microbial collectives, and operating settings to improve the efficiency and performance of MFC. Thus, it aims to present novel ideas that support the real-world deployment of …

A Review On Recent Progress In Supported Magnetic Nanoparticles: From Synthetic Methods To Applications, Khushboo Dhiman, Ayashkanta Nanda, Navneet Kaur, Manvinder Kaur, Harvinder Singh Sohal, Himanshi Sharma, Meenakshi Verma

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Magnetic nanoparticles supported on various materials have recently gained significant attention due to their wide range of applications across multiple fields such as catalysis, biomedicine, environmental remediation, and magnetic separation. The support materials are essential for stabilizing magnetic nano-particles and enhancing their properties, thereby improving their performance and versatility. This review presents a comprehensive summary of recent advancements and key developments in supported magnetic nanoparticles, focusing on various support materials including silica, alumina, cellulose, charcoal, polymeric materials, and carbon nanotubes. We also discussed why we needed a shift from conventional nanoparticles to magnetic nanoparticles and from magnetic nanoparticles to supported …

Comprehensive Study On The Structural And Optical Properties Of Bismuth Manganese Oxide Composite Ceramic For Optoelectronic Applications, P. P. Nayak, B. Swain, R. R. Patro, S. S. Hota, O. P. Das, S. Bhuyan

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This work assessed the potential of bismuth manganese oxide composite ceramic for optoelectronic applications by methodically examining its structural, vibrational, and optical characteristics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy provided the coexistence of Bi12MnO20 (sillenite-type) and Bi2Mn4O10 (mullite-type) phases, indicating a deviation from the ideal perovskite structure and suggesting a complex crystallographic nature influencing its functional properties. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the modes of vibration of Bi–O and Mn–O bonds that were contained, supporting the structural composition. UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy demonstrated strong optical absorption in the 300 nm to 800 nm range, affirming the suitability of the material for optoelectronic applications. …

Fem Modeling And Comparative Study Of Graphite Lubricants In The Hot Forging Of Aisi 1045 Medium Carbon Steel, Raschanan Poungprasert, Nattarawee Siripath, Naiyanut Jantepa, Surasak Suranuntchai

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This study investigates the performance of water-based and oil-based graphite lubricants in the hot forging of AISI 1045 medium carbon steel, aiming to enhance product quality while minimizing die wear. Utilizing Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations and experimental analysis, we examined key factors including flow lines, dimensional accuracy, forging load, and die wear. Results indicate that oil-based graphite lubricants significantly outperform water-based options, achieving a lower average error of 0.26% in dimensional accuracy compared to 0.99% for water-based lubricants. Additionally, oil-based lubricants resulted in reduced forming loads, leading to improved energy efficiency and longer die life. Microstructural analysis revealed that …

Effect Of Compaction Pressure On The Structure And Mechanical Properties Of Functionally Graded Aluminium-Glass Microsphere (Fgagm) Foams Produced By Powder Metallurgy Process, Vicheka Moeun, Seksak Asavavisithchai

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Functionally graded aluminium-glass microsphere (FGAGM) foams were successfully fabricated via powder metallurgy. The influence of compaction pressure on the structural and mechanical properties of the foams was systematically investigated. The study observed that increasing compaction pressure enhanced the green (pre-sintering) density of FGAGM foam, while post-sintering densities exhibited a decreasing trend with higher compaction pressures. The mechanical examination indicated that mechanical properties improved significantly with higher compaction pressures. While higher compaction pressures generally improve mechanical properties, the study identified that excessive pressures could lead to the fracture of GM particles, introducing defects that compromise the foam's structural integrity. Therefore, determining …

Structural Tuning Of Bioi Toward Bi O /Agi Heterostructures Via Room-Temperature Ion Exchange For Improved Photocatalytic Activity, Varunya Atimayulerd, Sorawit Thueanbangyang, Kittiyaporn Singsumphan, Ganyaporn Wongwaen, Cheewita Suwanchawalit, Montri Aiempanakit

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

In this work, a bismuth oxide/silver iodide (Bi2O3/AgI) heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully fabricated via a room-temperature ion exchange process using bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) as a morphology-directing precursor. Building upon our previous work on solvent-modulated BiOI nanostructures, this study employs a chemical transformation route to develop interfacially connected heterostructures while preserving key morphological features. Structural, morphological, and optical characterizations, including X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, provided supporting evidence for the successful formation of Bi2O3/AgI heterojunctions with likely close interfacial contact. The optimized Bi2O3/AgI composite with a 50:50 mass ratio …

Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dating Of Earthenware From The Nam Tok Khao Pang Archaeological Site, Kanchanaburi, Thailand, Thananan Phetkongtong, Peerasak Klubket, Santi Pailoplee, Pichet Limsuwan, Voranuch Thongpool

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The Nam Tok Khao Pang archaeological site, located in Tha Sao subdistrict, Sai Yok district, Kanchanaburi province, Thailand, is a limestone cave where numerous artifacts, including black-burnished earthenware fragments with in-curving rims, out-curving rims, and carinated bodies, have been discovered. Mineralogical and microstructural analyses using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified quartz (SiO₂) as the dominant mineral phase within a partially sintered silicate matrix. The absence of vitrification and the presence of mineral impurities indicate that the earthenware was fired at temperatures between 900°C and 1000°C. To determine the age of these ceramics, …

Facile Bio-Synthesis Of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles, Characterization And Their Photocatalytic Potential In The Degradation Of Real Tannery Wastewater, Ganeshkumar Govindasamy, A. Babu Ponnusami

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The sustainable metal oxide photocatalysts using plant extract presents a viable alternative to conventional chemical synthesis techniques. In this study, spherical shaped cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using ammonium ceric nitrate and Peepal Leaves (PL) extracted and used as a photocatalyst to remove hexavalent chromium and chemical oxygen demand from actual tannery wastewater. The characterization of cerium oxide nanoparticles was carried out using UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman analysis, High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscopy and Zeta potential analysis. The band gap energy of 3.25 eV was …

Microwave-Assisted Reduction Of Critical Metal Oxides From E-Waste Mixture, Kurundu Shavinka Jayasekera

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The efficient recovery of critical metals such as tantalum (Ta), manganese (Mn), gallium (Ga), and indium (In) from electronic waste (e-waste) is essential for resource sustainability and environmental protection. This research uses microwave-assisted treatment to investigate the carbothermal reduction of these four specific metals from their oxides in a simulated e-waste mixture, with carbon black serving as both a microwave coupling and reduction agent. Microwave processing is used specifically because it offers a rapid and energy-efficient alternative to conventional thermal methods, with the benefits of intrinsic heating and selective heating of materials. The first experiments centered on understanding the effects …

Reuse Of Calcium Carbonate (Caco3) Recovered From Discarded Carpets As Filler In Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (Frp) Composites, Roshan Devkota

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Over four billion pounds of carpet are discarded annually in the United States, making carpet waste a significant environmental concern. Calcium carbonate (CaCo₃) constitutes up to 45% of the mass of most synthetic carpets. Reusing this CaCo₃ as a filler in the rapidly growing fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) industry, which is projected to reach USD 10.38 billion, presents a low-cost, practical approach to developing a market-based solution to post-consumer carpet waste.

This study investigates the reuse of CaCo₃ recovered from discarded carpet backing as a filler in FRP composites, focusing on its mechanical viability in comparison to virgin CaCo₃. The methodology …

Characterization Of Properties And Defects Of Alternative Matrix Materials For 3d Printed Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites, Noah Darren Osborne

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, has the potential to transform the production of end-use parts by facilitating the creation of complex shaped, low-volume components that are expensive to manufacture using traditional methods. However, thermoplastic polymer matrices currently utilized in 3D printing of carbon fiber composites, often lack the mechanical properties needed for aerospace applications. To address this issue, researchers have developed fiber-reinforced 3D-printed composites using an innovative two-step process which involves printing 3D preforms using fused deposition modeling, followed by compression molding. However, most previous work involves the use of nylon-based polymer matrices while there are a number …

Green Bank Chime/Frb Outriggers Commissioning And Analog System Development, Kholoud Sharif Tag Alkhatem Khairy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The main objective of this thesis is to document the development and commissioning of the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment. (CHIME) outrigger at the Green Bank Observatory. (GBO) in Green Bank, WV. This novel cylindrical wide-field radio transient telescope is currently operating in conjunction with CHIME. The CHIME outrigger at GBO aims to contribute significantly to the field of radio astronomy, with implications for both Fast Radio Burst. (FRB) science and broader astronomical research. The construction and commissioning of the CHIME outrigger at the GBO mark a pivotal step forward in pursuing high-precision wide-field detection and localization of radio transients, …

Applications Of Reservoir Simulation And Machine Learning In Subsurface Energy Systems For Decarbonization, Seyedmohammadmehdi Nassabeh

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The transition to a low-carbon future necessitates innovative approaches to carbon management and hydrogen storage, particularly in the context of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) from hydrocarbon reservoirs. This study employs advanced analytics and machine learning techniques to optimize carbon management strategies. One key focus of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of flue gas and CO2 in Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection within a homogeneous fractured carbonate reservoir characterized by low porosity and permeability. A computational model was developed to depict the flow regime in the reservoir and simulate reservoir fluid behavior using Eclipse (E300) software, various hybrid EOR …