Signal Processing Commons^™

A Fast Image Super-Resolution Algorithm Using An Adaptive Wiener Filter, Russell C. Hardie

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A computationally simple super-resolution algorithm using a type of adaptive Wiener filter is proposed. The algorithm produces an improved resolution image from a sequence of low-resolution (LR) video frames with overlapping field of view. The algorithm uses subpixel registration to position each LR pixel value on a common spatial grid that is referenced to the average position of the input frames. The positions of the LR pixels are not quantized to a finite grid as with some previous techniques. The output high-resolution (HR) pixels are obtained using a weighted sum of LR pixels in a local moving window. Using a …

Music Structure Segmentation Using The Azimugram In Conjunction With Principal Component Analysis, Dan Barry, Mikel Gainza, Eugene Coyle

Conference papers

A novel method to segment stereo music recordings into formal musical structures such as verses and choruses is presented. The method performs dimensional reduction on a time-azimuth representation of audio which results in a set of time activation sequences, each of which corresponds to a repeating structural segment. This is based on the assumption that each segment type such as verse or chorus has a unique energy distribution across the stereo field. It can be shown that these unique energy distributions along with their time activation sequences are the latent principal components of the time-azimuth representation. It can be shown …

Polarimeter Blind Deconvolution Using Image Diversity, David M. Strong

Theses and Dissertations

This research presents an algorithm that improves the ability to view objects using an electro-optical imaging system with at least one polarization sensitive channel in addition to the primary channel. An innovative algorithm for detection and estimation of the defocus aberration present in an image is also developed. Using a known defocus aberration, an iterative polarimeter deconvolution algorithm is developed using a generalized expectation-maximization (GEM) model. The polarimeter deconvolution algorithm is extended to an iterative polarimeter multiframe blind deconvolution (PMFBD) algorithm with an unknown aberration. Using both simulated and laboratory images, the results of the new PMFBD algorithm clearly outperforms …

The Effects Of Signal And Image Compression Of Sar Data On Change Detection Algorithms, Kiran Shenoy

Theses and Dissertations

With massive amounts of SAR imagery and data being collected, the need for effective compression techniques is growing. One of the most popular applications for remote sensing is change detection, which compares two geo-registered images for changes in the scene. While lossless compression is needed for signal compression, the same is not often required for image compression. In almost every case the compression ratios are much higher in lossy compression making them more appealing when bandwidth and storage becomes an issue. This research analyzes different types of compression techniques that are adapted for SAR imagery, and tests these techniques with …

Navigation Using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed Signals Of Opportunity, Jamie S. Velotta

Theses and Dissertations

The global positioning system (GPS) provides high-accuracy position measurements anywhere in the world. However, a limitation of this system is that a line of sight to multiple satellites is required; therefore, it is unsuitable to use indoors or in urban canyons. Also, in the presence of radio-frequency interference or jamming, GPS may be unavailable. Alternative methods of navigation and positioning are need to either compliment GPS as a backup or for use in areas unreachable by satellites. This research analyzes a feature-based correlation approach for determining reception differences between two Orthogonal Frequency Division receivers for the purpose of TDOA calculations. …

Cognitive Radio: Fundamentals And Opportunities, Robert H. Morelos-Zaragoza

Robert Henry Morelos-Zaragoza

This talk is aimed at MSEE students in San Jose State University. It provides an overview of cognitive radio concepts and technologies. A MATLAB Simulink of demonstration of digital channel selection using a low IF radio architecture is presented. Technical challenges that remain to be solved in this area are identified.

Convergence Or Divergence: Technology Policies And User Expectations

ACUTA: Other Publications

The Forum

Since 1997, the annual ACUTA Forum for Strategic Leadership in Communications Technology has provided a unique opportunity for campus leaders to exchange ideas and discuss issues relevant to the use of technology in meeting the goals of higher education. Held in conjunction with ACUTA's Annual Conference and Exhibtion, this forum brings together men and women of vision, foresight, and authority to discuss strategic directions for the campus of the future.

Goals

• To provide a venue for the examination of issue and challenges facing the higher education community as we grapple with planning, financing, and implementing technology on our …

Engineering: Beyond Ears In Pre-College Years, Uchechukwu O. Ofoegbu, Ananth N. Iyer, John Helferty, Joseph Fischgrund

Ananth N Iyer

A 12-week program was developed in which electrical engineering concepts, in form of robotics projects, are taught to students at a secondary educational institution for the deaf and hearing impaired. The robotics course was originally designed for, and has been taught for about a decade to freshmen at the Temple University college of Engineering. The objectives of this project range from eliminating existing boundaries of engineering education to increasing the anticipation of success amongst the physically impaired. A prior breakthrough in the extension of engineering education beyond assumed “limits” was achieved when a young man who was both sight and …

A Small-Scale 3d Imaging Platform For Algorithm Performance Evaluation, Steven A. James

Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, world events have expedited the need for the design and application of rapidly deployable airborne surveillance systems in urban environments. Fast and effective use of the surveillance images requires accurate modeling of the terrain being surveyed. The process of accurately modeling buildings, landmarks, or other items of interest on the surface of the earth, within a short lead time, has proven to be a challenging task. One approach of high importance for countering this challenge and accurately reconstructing 3D objects is through the employment of airborne 3D image acquisition platforms. While developments in this arena have significantly …

Stress And Emotion Classification Using Jitter And Shimmer Features, Xi Li, Jidong Tao, Michael T. Johnson, Joseph Soltis, Anne Savage, Kirsten Leong, John D. Newman

Dr. Dolittle Project: A Framework for Classification and Understanding of Animal Vocalizations

In this paper, we evaluate the use of appended jitter and shimmer speech features for the classification of human speaking styles and of animal vocalization arousal levels. Jitter and shimmer features are extracted from the fundamental frequency contour and added to baseline spectral features, specifically Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) for human speech and Greenwood function cepstral coefficients (GFCCs) for animal vocalizations. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) with Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) state distributions are used for classification. The appended jitter and shimmer features result in an increase in classification accuracy for several illustrative datasets, including the SUSAS dataset for human speaking …

Steganalysis Feature Improvement Using Expectation Maximization, Benjamin M. Rodriguez, Gilbert L. Peterson, Sos S. Agaian

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Point Spread Function Characterization Of A Radially Displaced Scatterer Using Circular Synthetic Aperture Radar, Uttam K. Majumder

Theses and Dissertations

This research effort investigated characterizing the point spread function (PSF) behavior of radially displaced point scatterers using circular synthetic aperture radar (CSAR). Thus far, research has been conducted to understand PSF of a scatterer located at the imaging scene center. An analytic closed-form solution has been derived assuming the scatterer is located at the origin of the CSAR imaging geometry. However, it is difficult to derive an analytic PSF solution for a scatterer that is radially displaced from the imaging scene center. Using the back projection image formation algorithm, PSF responses are generated at various point target locations. Consistent with …

Phase Diversity And Polarization Augmented Techniques For Active Imaging, Peter M. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

A multi-frame active phase diversity imaging (APDI) algorithm is derived for coherent light statistics and demonstrated. In addition to conventional focal-plane and diversity-plane data, a statistical description for pupil-plane (PP) intensity is formed and included in the derivation. The algorithm is implemented and characterized via Monte Carlo simulation. Analysis shows that it's robust, insensitive to detection noise for SNR ? 7, performs well for SNR's as low as 2, and that the effect of system configuration on optimal parameters is minimal. Furthermore, introduction of PP data results in a 60% better reconstruction from dynamically aberrated data than obtained using only …

Multi-Dimensional Classification Algorithm For Automatic Modulation Recognition, Ouail Albairat

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis proposes an approach for modulation classification using existing features in a more efficient way. The Multi-Dimensional Classification Algorithm (MDCA) treats features extracted from signals of interest as elements with irrelevant identities, hence eliminating any dependence of the classifier on any particular feature. This design enables the use of any number of features, and the MDCA algorithm provides the capability to classify modulations in higher dimensions. The use of multiple features requires an equal number of data dimensions, and thus classification in as high a dimensional space as possible can improve final classification results. Finally, the MDCA algorithm uses …

Assessment Of Optical Turbulence Profiles Derived From Probabilistic Climatology, Brett W. Wisdom

Theses and Dissertations

This research effort assesses the performance of the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) Climatological C²_n optical turbulence model. Path-integrated C²_n values of two HELEEOS optical turbulence pro les at 3 distinct operational altitudes are compared to values determined from measured thermosonde data. HELEEOS desert and mid-latitude sites are selected from the Extreme and Percentile Environmental Reference Tables (ExPERT) database for comparison to the thermosonde data. Statistical equivalence of the two datasets is determined through a Design of Experiments (DOE) factorial test to within 80% confidence. The HELEEOS profiles are shown to be equivalent to …

Speaker Recognition In Adverse Conditions, Ananth N. Iyer, Uchechukwu O. Ofoegbu, Robert E. Yantorno, Stanley J. Wenndt

Ananth N Iyer

Recognizing speakers from their voices is a challenging area of research with several practical applications. Presently speaker verification (SV) systems achieve a high level of accuracy under ideal conditions such as, when there is ample data to build speaker models and when speaker verification is performed in the presence of little or no interference. In general, these systems assume that the features extracted from the data follow a particular parametric probability density function (pdf), i.e., Gaussian or a mixture of Gaussians; where a form of the pdf is imposed on the speech data rather than determining the underlying structure of …

Unsupervised Indexing Of Noisy Conversations With Short Speaker Utterances, Uchechukwu O. Ofoegbu, Ananth N. Iyer, Robert E. Yantorno, Stanley J. Wenndt

Ananth N Iyer

Two speaker indexing system for conversations are presented in this paper. The first method involves indexing two-speaker conversations. In this method, two reference models are judiciously chosen from the conversation such that they represent the two different speakers. Models are then matched to the reference speakers using distance-based comparisons. The second technique is based on first determining the number of participants in the conversation using a speaker count method termed the “Residual Ratio Algorithm” (RRA), and then indexing based on this count. The RRA involves an elimination process in which speech segments matching a chosen set of reference models are …

Ut-Scope: Speech Under Lombard Effect And Cognitive Stress, Ayako Ikeno, Vaishnavi Varadarajan, Sanjay A. Patil, John Hl Hansen

Sanjay A. Patil

This paper presents UT-scope data base, and automatic and perceptual an evaluation of Lombard speech in in-set speaker recognition.

Automatic Target Recognition User Interface Tool, David A. Kerns

Theses and Dissertations

A computer tool to aid in selecting the best Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) algorithm is developed. The program considers many quantifiers, accepts user-defined parameters, allows for changes in the operational environment and presents results in a meaningful way. It is written for Microsoft Excel. An ATR algorithm assigns a class label to a recognized target. General designations can include "Friend" and "Foe." The error of designating "Friend" as "Foe" as well as "Foe" as "Friend" comes with a high cost. Studying each algorithm's error can minimize this cost. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves provide only information on the probabilities given …

The Social Construction Of Authorship: An Investigation Of Subjectivity And Rhetorical Authority In The College Writing Classroom, Johannah Rodgers

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Although we use the term author on a daily basis to refer to certain individuals, bodies of work, and systems of ideas, as Michel Foucault and other critics have pointed out, attempting to answer the question “What is an Author?” is by no means a simple proposition. And, starting from the position that there is no single, or definitive answer to this complex question, this dissertation seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion of the genealogy of authorship by investigating the ways in which conceptions of the author have informed models of the writing subject in the field of rhetoric …

Campus Communications Systems: Converging Technologies, The Association For Communications Technology Professionals In Higher Education

ACUTA: Other Publications

This book is a rewrite of Campus Telecommunications Systems: Managing Change, a book that was written by ACUTA in 1995. In the past decade, our industry has experienced a thousand-fold increase in data rates as we migrated from 10 megabit links (10 million bits per second) to 10 gigabit links (10 billion bits per second), we have seen the National Telecommunications Policy completely revamped; we have seen the combination of voice, data, and video onto one network; and we have seen many of our service providers merge into larger corporations able to offer more diverse services. When this book was …

A Brief Introduction To Speech Synthesis And Voice Modification, Alan O'Cinneide, David Dorran, Mikel Gainza

Conference papers

For both engineers and linguists, the computer synthesis of natural speech is an objective that would provide many useful applications to human-computer interaction, including the realm of electro-acoustic music. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the area of speech synthesis by providing an overview of the three main methods of computer speech synthesis; namely concatenative, articulatory and formant syntheses. Some aspects of the current state of the technology are illuminated and the final section will explain the author’s motivation and current research approach to the field of voice modification.

Blind Source Separation And Automatic Transcription Of Music Using Tensor Decompositions, Derry Fitzgerald

Conference papers

Recent advances in the use of tensor decompositions for the analysis of music are described. In particular, the use of such decompositions for sound source separation and the automatic transcription of music are explored.

Speech Under Stress: Analysis, Modeling And Recognition, Sanjay A. Patil, John Hl Hansen

Sanjay A. Patil

In this chatpter, we consider a range of issues associated with analysis, modeling, and recognition of speech under stress.

Markov Chain Monte Carlo Defect Identification In Nde Images, Aleksandar Dogandžić, Benhong Zhang

Aleksandar Dogandžić

We derive a hierarchical Bayesian method for identifying elliptically‐shaped regions with elevated signal levels in NDE images. We adopt a simple elliptical parametric model for the shape of the defect region and assume that the defect signals within this region are random following a truncated Gaussian distribution. Our truncated‐Gaussian model ensures that the signals within the defect region are higher than the baseline level corresponding to the noise‐only case. We derive a closed‐form expression for the kernel of the posterior probability distribution of the location, shape, and defect‐signal distribution parameters (model parameters). This result is then used to develop Markov …

Automatic Bar Line Segmentation, Mikel Gainza, Dan Barry, Eugene Coyle

Conference papers

A method that segments the audio according to the position of the bar lines is presented. The method detects musical bars that frequently repeat in different parts of a musical piece by using an audio similarity matrix. The position of each bar line is predicted by using prior information about the position of previous bar lines as well as the estimated bar length. The bar line segmentation method does not depend on the presence of percussive instruments to calculate the bar length. In addition, the alignment of the bars allows moderate tempo deviations.

Super-Resolution Enhancement Of Digital Video, Russell C. Hardie, Richard R. Schultz, Kenneth E. Barner

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

SR from digital video is a relatively new field, in only its third decade of existence. There is no doubt that as imaging sensor technologies, optical fabrication techniques, and computational algorithms mature, SR will find its way into digital video products such as cameras and digital cable set-top boxes. These papers on the fundamental SR topics of image registration, regularization, photometric diversity, detector nonuniformity, compression, optical design, and performance metrics serve as pioneers in the dynamic and evolving field of SR image reconstruction research and development. We are proud to present them to the image and video processing research community. …

A Map Estimator For Simultaneous Superresolution And Detector Nonunifomity Correct, Russell C. Hardie, Douglas R. Droege

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

During digital video acquisition, imagery may be degraded by a number of phenomena including undersampling, blur, and noise. Many systems, particularly those containing infrared focal plane array (FPA) sensors, are also subject to detector nonuniformity. Nonuniformity, or fixed pattern noise, results from nonuniform responsivity of the photodetectors that make up the FPA. Here we propose a maximuma posteriori (MAP) estimation framework for simultaneously addressing undersampling, linear blur, additive noise, and bias nonuniformity. In particular, we jointly estimate a superresolution (SR) image and detector bias nonuniformity parameters from a sequence of observed frames. This algorithm can be applied to video in …

The Smart Helmet, Michael Walsh

Theses

This thesis addresses the design, development and testing of a wireless sensor network for a sports helmet. The objective is to monitor an athlete's physiology and also physical impacts using a sensor network. A detailed literature review is presented addressing currently available appropriate wireless technologies, sensors and their operation, packaging, interconnections and applications. It gives a brief introduction to each sensor used in the smart helmet, accelerometers, temperature sensors, heart rate and blood oxygen sensors, along with a review of possible sensors which could be added at a later stage. The specific sensors and other related components for the helmets …

Dispersion Of Water For Impulse Propagation, Shu Xiao, Karl H. Schoenbach

Bioelectrics Publications

This paper calculates the dispersive loss of water when a Gaussian impulse, or a step function impulse travels over a distance. The minimum risetime t_mr was calculated.