Power and Energy Commons^™

Design Of Smart Trashcan, Haoran Song

Senior Theses

A smart trashcan has been designed which can bring convenience to people for throwing their garbage away during the COVID-19 pandemic. A prototype is made from cardboard to demonstrate its function. This trashcan can sense people who are coming and leaving, and it can open and close automatically. The trashcan is powered by solar energy. A solar panel is mounted on top of the trashcan supporter. This design is specifically for use in China.

Specification, Control, And Applications Of Z-Source Circuit Breakers For The Protection Of Dc Power Networks, Sagar Bhatta

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

There is a highly-increasing demand for the DC power transmission and distribution in modern power systems for the integration of newly-installed renewable energy resources and storage systems to the existing utilities. Application of DC power systems in electric ships, battery energy devices, high-voltage DC networks, smart grids, electric vehicles, microgrids, and wind farms is a recent trend that is being highly investigated. The fault protection of DC systems is an essential but challenging issue that needs careful attention to maintain system operation reliability and device safety. In this research, the specification, control, and application of Z-source breakers (ZCBs) are investigated …

Using Artificial Neural Network To Calculate Steady State Conditions, Nuriddin Nurali O'G'Li Normamatov, Muzaffar Burhanovich Khudayarov, Temurkhan Abduvahab O'G'Li Ikramov

Karakalpak Scientific Journal

The power systems steady-state problem are described by a system of nonlinear equations, and for their solution are widely used iterative techniques such as the Newton-Raphson and others. Recently, techniques based on the use of genetic algorithms, the theory of fuzzy sets, artificial neural networks have been applied to solve this problem. In this article feedforward neural networks are used for calculating the steady-state regimes. The modeling results were obtained with the results of calculations using the Newton-Raphson method.

The Use Of Supercapacitors To Stabilize The Power Supply System Of The Base Station Of Mobile Communication, Dilmurod Abdujalilovich Davronbekov, Utkir Karimovich Matyokubov

Scientific-technical journal

In this study, an analysis of the current status and available outages of the mobile communication base station power supply system was performed. The effects of these outages on the power supply system have been studied and it has been shown that batteries may not be an ideal solution as a backup source. Also, the issue of the introduction of renewable energy sources in the base station power supply system of the mobile communication system and its shortcomings are mentioned. In order to overcome these problems and stabilize the power changes in the battery auxiliary element and the power supply …

The Use Of Supercapacitors To Stabilize The Power Supply System Of The Base Station Of Mobile Communication, Dilmurod Abdujalilovich Davronbekov, Utkir Karimovich Matyokubov

Scientific-technical journal

In this study, an analysis of the current status and available outages of the mobile communication base station power supply system was performed. The effects of these outages on the power supply system have been studied and it has been shown that batteries may not be an ideal solution as a backup source. Also, the issue of the introduction of renewable energy sources in the base station power supply system of the mobile communication system and its shortcomings are mentioned. In order to overcome these problems and stabilize the power changes in the battery auxiliary element and the power supply …

Households Electricity Consumption Analysis: A Bibliometric Approach, Gaikwad Sachin Ramnath, Harikrishnan R

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The household electricity consumption ranks in the second position after the industrial electricity consumption, across the globe. This is because of the factors, which include, higher consumer income, electrification, digitalization and advancement in technologies. Moreover, the electricity demand is also depending on household characteristics, non-household characteristics and occupant’s behavior. The aim behind this study is to provide insights to researchers on household electricity consumption areas with different aspects, which includes factors affecting them, need of data collection, its approaches and techniques. To know about the research dedicated to the above-mentioned aspects, it is crucial to explore the Scopus database, refer …

Multi-Objective Optimization For Aircraft Power Systems Using A Network Graph Representation, Damien Lawhorn, Vandana Rallabandi, Dan M. Ionel

Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications

Today, the electrification of flight is more popular than ever, creating a wide array of concept aircraft and associated power system topologies. In order to gain insights into benefits of these varying architectures, this paper introduces the development of a framework for electric aircraft power system (EAPS) optimization. The proposed framework accepts inputs from a designer in the form of component parameters and desired flight mission characteristics. A collective graph representing many possible architectures is formed, from which, subgraphs that describe power system topologies meeting the flight requirements are extracted and analyzed. Optimal EAPS architectures with respect to goals of …

Solar Soiling Mitigation, Claire Desmith

Electrical Engineering

This senior project aims to mitigate performance losses that occur in Photovoltaic (PV) systems due to soiling of the panels. Soiling is the natural occurrence of debris accumulation on panels, depending on local climate conditions. Soiling loss refers to efficiency lost due to dirt and dust accumulation on the panels. The debris reduces system output by shading on a smaller scale. In addition to uniform soiling, corner soiling is observed in framed modules as debris collects in the corners of the modules. While solutions currently exist to clean modules to mitigate soiling losses, these solutions are often expensive and time …

An Analysis Of X-Band Radiation For Space Based Wireless Power Transmission, Noah W. Friz

Theses and Dissertations

The USAF is interested in developing a solar powered satellite power beaming system using X-Band radiation. To determine the expected level of transmission efficiency of the system, an atmospheric characterization and radiative transfer modeling system called LEEDR was employed. A study was conducted to validate LEEDRs performance while working with microwave frequencies by replicating brightness temperatures measured by a 10.7 GHz radiometer above the Pacific Ocean in 1999. The results were inconclusive. Brightness temperature vs. rain rate curves developed within other studies for X-Band radiation curves could be replicated within LEEDR, and therefore the associated path transmission and extinction values. …

Early Wildfire Detection With Line Sensors, Virginia Yan

Master's Theses

Over the last few years, wildfires have become more devastating to communities as the fires are inevitably destructive to many homes, businesses, and ecosystems. Frequent wildfires also pose a significant threat to power grids and nearby residents as they can damage transmission lines and other electrical equipment, which in turn can cause major power shutdowns. Especially in western U.S., severe drought conditions and weather variability cause residents to become more vulnerable to wildfire disasters as their safety is threatened. We are incompetent to control the wildfires effectively despite existing advanced technologies. Hence, an algorithm based on energy conservation and heat …

Preparation Of Pdcoir Tetrahedron Nanocatalysts And Its Performance Toward Ethanol Oxidation Reaction, Zhi-Yuan Yu, Rui Huang, Jie Liu, Guang Li, Qian-Tong Song, Shi-Gang Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

As a new energy conversion device, direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are widely concerned because of their remarkable advantages such as high theoretical energy density and wide fuel sources. However, the rapid development of DEFCs has been severely impeded due to the sluggish kinetic process and toxic intermediates especially in their anodic reactions. Palladium (Pd)-based materials are considered to be excellent anode catalysts for DEFCs, especially under alkaline conditions. And further improving their performance is an important direction to promote the development of DEFCs. Surface structure and composition are the key factors affecting the performance of catalysts which can be …

Preparation And Performance Investigation Of Li-Sgo Doped Semi-Ipns Porous Single Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte, Yun-Feng Zhang, Jia-Ming Dong, Chang Tan, Shi-Kang Huo, Jia-Ying Wang, Yang He, Ya-Ying Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Herein, the lithiated sulfonated graphene oxide (Li-SGO) was successfully prepared via three steps by sulfonation of graphene oxide with 3-merraptnpropylt rimethnxysilane, oxidation of thiol into sulfonate with hydrogen peroxide and lithiation of sulfonate with aqueous lithium hydroxide. The as-prepared Li-SGO was then introduced into the semi-interpenetrating networks of single ion conducting polymer electrolyte (Li-SGO-FPAS) and poly vinylidenefluoride-hexafluoro propylene (PVDF-HFP) binder by in-situ polymerization to fabricate the porous single ion conducting polymer electrolyte membrane (Li-SGO-po-FPAS) generated from the poor compatibility between aromatic Li-SGO-FPAS and aliphatic PVDF-HFP binder. The key properties such as morphology, porosity, solvent uptake, mechanical …

Influence Of Resveratrol On Performance Of Long-Term Storage’S Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte, Lei Zhang, Xu-Ping Zhang, Si-Wei Zhang, Quan-Chao Zhuang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrolyte of lithium-ion battery usually goes through processes of filling, transportation and storage from the completion of manufacture to the use. Understanding the influence of long-term storage process on performance of lithium-ion battery electrolyte is of theoretical significance for production of lithium-ion battery. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film formed on the surface of the graphite electrode was thicker in the base electrolyte after 6 months of storage. The charge/discharge test results showed that the reversible cycle capacity and cycle stability (capacity retention rate) of graphite electrode decreased significantly after 6 months of …

Research Progress In Electrodeposition Technology Of Titanium-Based Iridium Oxide Electrode, Dan-Dan Wu, Xu Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Titanium-based iridium oxide electrode has been widely used in various fields, such as electrocatalytic oxidation, biomedical applications, hydrometallurgical metal recovery, electro-osmotic dewatering, etc. At present, it is mainly prepared by traditional thermal decomposition method, however, which has high cost, cumbersome process, mainly relying on manual labor and cannot be mass-produced yet. It is, therefore, urgently necessary to explore new preparation technologies by focusing on electrodeposition technology, with technological characteristics such as eco-friendly and sustainable development. This article systematically discusses the research progress in iridium oxide electrodeposition preparation technology from the aspects of deposition solution formulation, base material selection and treatment, …

Preparations And Electrochemical Properties Of Bc/Coni2S4@Ppy Flexible Composites For Supercapacitors, Si-Yuan Peng, Shi-Run Yang, Jing-Hong Zhou, Zhi-Jun Sui, Tao Zhang, Yi Shi, Xing-Gui Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

Flexible supercapacitor is one of the most promising energy storage devices for portable and wearable electronic products due to its advantages of high power density, fast charging and long cycle life. Therefore, self-supporting flexible electrode materials with high performance have attained more and more attention both in academia and in industry recently. In this work, using bacterial cellulose (BC) as a flexible substrate, the bacterial cellulose/nickel-cobalt sulfide@polypyrrole (BC/CoNi₂S₄@PPy) flexible composites with three-dimensional porous network and good conductivity were prepared by a combined solvothermal-in-situ polymerization-vacuum filtration method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, …

Syntheses Of Na3V2(Po4)2O2F As A Cathode For Sodium Ion Battery Application, Kai Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

High-temperature solid-state method, hydro-thermal method and solvo-thermal method have been mainly employed to synthesize Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂O₂F (NVPF) cathode materials. However, these methods are energy consuming and complicated, which is not applicable for a large scale industrial production. In this study, a rather low-temperature (70℃) co-precipitation strategy was proposed to synthesize NVPF cathode materials. The as-prepared NVPF cathode materials showed a spherical shape with a diameter of 400 ~ 500 nm, and exhibited a sodium storage of 105.6 mAh·g^-1 and an efficiency of 90.06%. After a simple thermal process, the specific …

Power Distribution System Tools For Analyzing Impacts Of Projected Electric Vehicle Load Growth Using Gridlab-D, Shahad Alomani

Dissertations and Theses

The increased penetration of Electric Vehicle (EV) will provide substantial benefits to the environment. However, each EV will present a significant additional load to electric power distribution infrastructure, especially to radial distribution feeders. The additional load may cause transformers to operate beyond their thermal limits, unacceptable voltage drops along distribution lines, and primary conductor overloads. It is now, more than ever, vital to understand the limitations of existing infrastructure in light of an accelerating push for greener alternatives with insight that stems from modeling, simulation, and proper analysis as the backbone to a well-informed response.

The objective of this work …

Energy And Greenhouse Gas Savings For Leed-Certified U.S. Office Buildings, John H. Scofield, Susannah Brodnitz, Jakob Cornell, Tian Liang, Thomas Scofield

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

In this work, we present results from the largest study of measured, whole-building energy performance for commercial LEED-certified buildings, using 2016 energy use data that were obtained for 4417 commercial office buildings (114 million m2 ) from municipal energy benchmarking disclosures for 10 major U.S. cities. The properties included 551 buildings (31 million m2 ) that we identified as LEED-certified. Annual energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission were compared between LEED and non-LEED offices on a city-by-city basis and in aggregate. In aggregate, LEED offices demonstrated 11% site energy savings but only 7% savings in source energy and GHG …

Peak Reduction And Long Term Load Forecasting For Large Residential Communities Including Smart Homes With Energy Storage, Huangjie Gong, Vandana Rallabandi, Michael L. Mcintyre, Eklas Hossain, Dan M. Ionel

Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications

Domestic load profiles in the residential sectors are being modified with the adoption of smart home management systems and solar generation. In addition, houses with rooftop PV behave like local generators, contributing to the growth of the penetration of PV energy. Hence, the demand for power is declining day by day. However, the increasing PV penetration causes technical challenges for the power system, such as the “duck curve”. This can be addressed through home energy management (HEM) techniques including peak shaving, load shifting with smart home devices. In this regard, electric water heaters (EWH), with high thermal mass and being …

Distributed Control, Optimization, And State Estimation For Renewable Power System, Qiao Li

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The traditional power systems are usually centralized systems, in which the control, operation and monitoring are performed by the centralized control center, e.g., SCADA. However, with the development of renewable energy, power systems are getting more and more distributed. So, it becomes necessary to establish the distributed power system operation methods for these power systems. In this research, the distributed techniques for the renewable power systems are proposed based on the consensus protocol technique from graph theory. These techniques cover the three important problems in power systems, i.e., economic dispatch, state estimation, and optimal power flow. First, the Distributed Economic …

Effect Of Cloud Cover On Optimum Orientations Of Fixed Solar Panels For Maximum Yearly Energy Collection, Prethew Prasad

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The amount of cloud cover present in the sky is a significant factor when determining the solar radiation impinging on a solar panel. The optimum tilt required to achieve maximum energy impingement on a surface is also influenced by the amount of cloud cover. This work presents a method for determining the optimum tilt angle for a fixed solar panel when a set amount of cloud cover is present in the sky. Fixed tilt angles that have the most incident solar energy over the course of a year as a function of cloud cover, latitude, and azimuthal angle orientation are …

Optimal Sizing And Operation Of A Pumped Thermal Energy Storage System, Matthew Perez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Current trends in the modern grid are leading to the integration of energy storage technologies (ESSs), such as pumped thermal energy storage to help incorporate more variable renewable energy sources into the grid. This paper analyzes the operation of a pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) system under the grid services of energy arbitrage, regulation services, spinning and non-spinning reserve, resource adequacy, and a combination of them all. Each revenue stream is setup into an optimization problem and solved to find which revenue generating technique would generate the most revenue. The combined revenue stream was found to produce the most revenue …

Development Of A Computer Model To Simulate Battery Performance For Use In Renewable Energy Simulations, Arjun Sundararajan

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Renewable and clean energy has been the driving force behind the booming storage industry. The need for producing energy from clean and quickly replenishable energy sources has never been as high as it is now. However, renewable energy only supplies a little over a quarter of the world’s electricity needs and much less of the world’s total energy requirements. One reason is the intermittent nature of renewable energy. Inexpensive and convenient storage technologies are required to solve this issue. It is believed that batteries offer the most viable solution to conquer the problem of renewable energy intermittency. To aid the …

Deep Learning For High-Impedance Fault Detection: Convolutional Autoencoders, Khushwant Rai, Firouz Badrkhani Ajaei, Farnam Hojatpanah, Katarina Grolinger

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

High-impedance faults (HIF) are difficult to detect because of their low current amplitude and highly diverse characteristics. In recent years, machine learning (ML) has been gaining popularity in HIF detection because ML techniques learn patterns from data and successfully detect HIFs. However, as these methods are based on supervised learning, they fail to reliably detect any scenario, fault or non-fault, not present in the training data. Consequently, this paper takes advantage of unsupervised learning and proposes a convolutional autoencoder framework for HIF detection (CAE-HIFD). Contrary to the conventional autoencoders that learn from normal behavior, the convolutional autoencoder (CAE) in CAE-HIFD …

Characterization, Analysis, And Application Of Wbg Power Devices For Future Power Conversion Systems, Ali Mahmoud Salman Al-Bayati

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Semiconductor power devices are the most momentous constituents of any power converter system. Fast switching, compactness, high performance and efficiency, and high temperature operation are the exacting challenges experienced by conventional silicon (Si) power device based power converters in many applications. In this dissertation, the wide bandgap (WBG) power devices are studied and used to transcend the limitations imposed by the Si power devices. It mainly focuses on characterization and analysis of the behavior of WBG power devices as well as design and development of efficient, high performance, and reliable dc–dc power converters based on WBG technology. First, using computer …

Study Of Renewable Energy Penetration On A Benchmark Generation And Transmission System, Oluwaseun M. Akeyo, Aron Patrick, Dan M. Ionel

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Significant changes in conventional generator operation and transmission system planning will be required to accommodate increasing solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration. There is a limit to the maximum amount of solar that can be connected in a service area without the need for significant upgrades to the existing generation and transmission infrastructure. This study proposes a framework for analyzing the impact of increasing solar penetration on generation and transmission networks while considering the responses of conventional generators to changes in solar PV output power. Contrary to traditional approaches in which it is assumed that generation can always match demand, this framework …

Implementation Of Model-Free Adaptive Power Flow Control For Dual-Active-Bridge-Based Ac-Dc Converters, Qinghang Shen

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

With the rising energy consumption and environment destruction problems worldwide, the development of renewable energy and energy recapture methods to improve the energy utilization rate has become more important as two of the most efficient processes to solve those problems. Bidirectional AC/DC converter and its modulation strategies are widely used as the essential part of implementing bidirectional power conversion between power grid and energy storage systems. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of the power conversion within AC/DC converters, a stable, robust power flow control system with quick response and disturbance rejection ability is desired. This thesis proposes a model-free …

An Interleaved Quadratic High Step-Up Dc-Dc Converter With Coupled Inductor, Ramin Rahimi, Saeed Habibi, Mehdi Ferdowsi, Pourya Shamsi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A new high step-up DC-DC converter for renewable energy applications is proposed in this paper. Employing an interleaved quadratic structure, two two-winding coupled inductors (CIs), and voltage multiplier cells (VMCs), the proposed converter can provide high-voltage gains, continuous input current with low ripple, reduced voltage stresses on semiconductors, common ground between input and output sides, and low numbers of components. In addition, diode-capacitor lossless clamp circuits are utilized to limit the voltage stresses of the power switches and further extend the voltage gain. The operating and steady-state analyses, design considerations, and a comparison with other previously published high step-up converters …

Artificial Neural Networks For Asymmetric Selective Harmonic Current Mitigation-Pwm In Active Power Filters To Meet Power Quality Standards, Amirhossein Moeini, Morteza Dabbaghjamanesh, Jonathan W. Kimball, Jie Zhang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The main objective of an active power filter (APF) is to control the harmonics of nonlinear loads in power systems. In addition, the reactive power (fundamental component of the AC power) at the point of common coupling (PCC) can be compensated by using an APF. This paper investigates a technique for the modulation technique of the active power filters. Using the artificial neural network (ANN) technique, real-time fundamental and harmonic compensations can be achieved for the low-frequency modulation techniques such as asymmetric selective harmonic elimination/mitigation-pulse width modulation (ASHE/ASHM-PWM) and asymmetric selective harmonic current mitigation-PWM (ASHCM-PWM). This means that different phases …

Using Gated Recurrent Units For Selective Harmonic Current Mitigation-Pwm In Grid-Tied Cascaded H-Bridge Converters, Morteza Dabbaghjamanesh, Amirhossein Moeini, Jonathan Kimball, Jie Zhang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Grid-tied converters become more popular for electric vehicle, renewable energy, and energy storage systems applications. Different modulation techniques such as low-frequency (e.g., selective harmonic elimination-PWM, selective harmonic mitigation-PWM, and selective harmonic current mitigation-PWM (SHCM-PWM)) and high-frequency modulation techniques (e.g., phase shift-PWM and space vector modulation) are used in the literature for grid-tied converters. Low-frequency modulation techniques have a high-efficiency due to the low-switching power losses. One of the main challenges of low-frequency modulation techniques such as SHCM-PWM is how to implement the proposed technique in real-time, due to the transcendental Fourier equations of SHCM-PWM. In this paper, a deep learning …