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Articles 31 - 56 of 56
Full-Text Articles in Power and Energy
Intra-Day Solar Irradiance Forecasting For Remote Microgrids Using Hidden Markov Model, Abhilasha Bajracharya
Intra-Day Solar Irradiance Forecasting For Remote Microgrids Using Hidden Markov Model, Abhilasha Bajracharya
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Accurate solar irradiance forecasting is the key to accurate estimation of solar power output at any given time. The accuracy of this information is especially crucial in diesel-PV based remote microgrids with batteries to determine the set points of the batteries and generators for their optimal dispatch. This, in turn, is related directly to the overall operating cost because both an overestimation and an underestimation of the irradiance means additional operating costs for either suddenly ramping up the backup resources or causing under-utilization of the available PV power output. Accurately predicting the solar irradiance is not an easy task because …
Reinforcement Learning And Game Theory For Smart Grid Security, Shuva Paul
Reinforcement Learning And Game Theory For Smart Grid Security, Shuva Paul
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on one of the most critical and complicated challenges facing electric power transmission and distribution systems which is their vulnerability against failure and attacks. Large scale power outages in Australia (2016), Ukraine (2015), India (2013), Nigeria (2018), and the United States (2011, 2003) have demonstrated the vulnerability of power grids to cyber and physical attacks and failures. These incidents clearly indicate the necessity of extensive research efforts to protect the power system from external intrusion and to reduce the damages from post-attack effects. We analyze the vulnerability of smart power grids to cyber and physical attacks and …
Data-Driven Test Cases For Sustainability Assessment Of Smart Grid Initiatives In Organized Electricity Markets, Venkat Durvasulu
Data-Driven Test Cases For Sustainability Assessment Of Smart Grid Initiatives In Organized Electricity Markets, Venkat Durvasulu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The primary aim of this dissertation is to deliver a technique to augment power system test cases with realistic open-source data to represent a deregulated power system. These test cases are intended to be used by power system researchers who require a test case that is capable of performing economic and environmental analysis on a bulk-power level. These test cases are capable of estimating the cost of bulk-energy for economic analysis and harmful greenhouse gas (GHG) and air polluting (AP) emissions for environmental sustainability analysis. These cases are developed for simulations that are intended to be at the transmission level …
A Kinetic Monte Carlo Study Of Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cell Performance Behavior, Behzad Bahrami
A Kinetic Monte Carlo Study Of Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cell Performance Behavior, Behzad Bahrami
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Perovskite solar cells have received considerable attention in recent years due to their low processing cost and high energy conversion efficiency. However, the mechanisms of perovskite solar cell performance are not fully understood. Models based on probabilistic and statistical approaches can be used to simulate, optimize, and predict perovskite solar cell photovoltaic performance, and they can also guide experimental processing and fabrication conditions to achieve higher photovoltaic efficiency. This work developed a 3D model based on the kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) approach to simulate 3D morphology of perovskite-based solar cells and predict their photovoltaic performance. The model incorporated the physical …
Nonlinear Stochastic Filtering For Online State Of Charge And Remaining Useful Life Estimation Of Lithium-Ion Battery, Suresh Daravath
Nonlinear Stochastic Filtering For Online State Of Charge And Remaining Useful Life Estimation Of Lithium-Ion Battery, Suresh Daravath
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Battery state monitoring is one of the key techniques in Battery Management System (BMS). Accurate estimation can help to improve the system performance and to prolong the battery lifetime. The main challenges for the state online estimation of Li-ion batteries are the flat characteristic of open circuit voltage (OCV) with the function of the state of charge. Hence, the focus of this thesis study is to estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of Li-ion with high accuracy, more robustness. A 2nd order RC equivalent circuit model is adapted to battery model for simulation, mathematical model analysis, and dynamics characteristic …
Novel Technique Of Fabrication Of Porous Copper And Copper Oxide To Improve The Lithium Ion Battery Performance, Raju Prasad Ghimire
Novel Technique Of Fabrication Of Porous Copper And Copper Oxide To Improve The Lithium Ion Battery Performance, Raju Prasad Ghimire
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Due to widespread and long-term application, Lithium-ion batteries are considered as promising power sources for portable devices, satellites, medical instruments, computers, electric vehicles and grid application. It started to occupy the market once Sony commercialized in 1991. Rechargeable lithium ion batteries drawing people attention due to their peculiar properties such as high energy density and low self-discharge compared to other alkali metals. However, these widespread and long-term applications still require better batteries in terms of performance, safety and cost, which can be achieved by better utilization of anode materials and/or an optimized design of battery configuration. There are several challenges …
Engineering Of Hole Transport And Perovskite Absorber Layers To Achieve High Efficiency And Stable Perovskite Solar Cells, Sally Mabrouk
Engineering Of Hole Transport And Perovskite Absorber Layers To Achieve High Efficiency And Stable Perovskite Solar Cells, Sally Mabrouk
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer tremendous potential for simple and low-cost solution-based fabrication with high power conversion efficiency, making it a promising renewable energy source alternative to the most common non-renewable energy sources as fossil fuels. The most widely used perovskite for solar cell applications is methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3). The two structures for PSC are the regular nip device typically fabricated using Spiro- OMeTAD as a hole transport material (HTM), and the inverted pin device fabricated using PEDOT:PSS as a HTM. They have achieved over 20% power conversion efficiency. However, devices are not reproducible or stable and HTMs are …
Low Power Wide Area Networks (Lpwan): Technology Review And Experimental Study On Mobility Effect, Dhaval Patel
Low Power Wide Area Networks (Lpwan): Technology Review And Experimental Study On Mobility Effect, Dhaval Patel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the past decade, we have witnessed explosive growth in the number of low-power embedded and Internet-connected devices, reinforcing the new paradigm, Internet of Things (IoT). IoT devices like smartphones, home security systems, smart electric meters, garage parking indicators, etc., have penetrated deeply into our daily lives. These IoT devices are increasingly attached and operated in mobile objects like unmanned vehicles, trains, airplanes, etc. The low power wide area network (LPWAN), due to its long-range, low-power and low-cost communication capability, is actively considered by academia and industry as the future wireless communication standard for IoT. However, despite the increasing popularity …
Control Of Pore Characteristics Of Porous Silicon Using Non-Toxic Electrochemical Etching For Photovoltaics And Supercapacitor Applications, Utpal Saha
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Porous silicon has exhibited lower reflectance and higher surface area than the pristine silicon. This property of porous silicon can be applied to photovoltaic (PV) application for more efficient silicon solar cells and for higher performance of supercapacitors. NH4Fl electrolytic etching solution has been used to fabricate porous silicon, but the control of pore morphology of silicon is achieved only by controlling the time. Therefore, it is urgently required to use other etching parameters such as voltage and current to achieve flexible control of pore properties. Porous silicon can also be used to fabricate supercapacitors. An established approach to make …
Cathode Interface Engineering For High Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells, Md Nazmul Hasan
Cathode Interface Engineering For High Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells, Md Nazmul Hasan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have already improved their power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.9% to ~22.1% at present. This demonstrated that PSCs can be a promising alternative to conventional silicon solar cells. PSCs have been marked as one of the most favorable next-generation solar cells due to their high extinction coefficient, broad light absorption range and ambipolar charge transport properties, low production cost, and simple fabrication processing. Various device architectures have been designed and investigated for constructing high performance PSCs consisting of different electron transport layers (ETL) and hole transport layers (HTL). In general, PSCs are fabricated in …
Development Of Microgrid Test Bed For Testing Energy Management System, Shaili Nepal
Development Of Microgrid Test Bed For Testing Energy Management System, Shaili Nepal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Today the world population has reached 7.5 billion, and this number is expected to grow at the rate of 1.13% every year [1]. With this increase in population, the total demand for electricity has also increased. More people means the need for more power: electricity to power homes, schools, industries, hospitals, and so on. In today’s world, where most of the daily activities are dependent on electricity, demand for electricity, therefore, continues to rise. Currently, managing this growing need for electricity is one of the challenges the world is facing. In addition to this, approximately 1.2 billion people live in …
Pretreatment, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, And Fermentation To Ethanol Using A Lignocellulosic Feedstock And Subsequent Recovery Of A Value Added Co-Product: Pure Crystalline Cellulose, Ryan J. Bouza
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As more demand for alternatives to petroleum and the industrial world’s love of cars increase, cellulosic ethanol will become more important. The ethanol can, of course, be used in the transportation fuel sector, but there is also a potential for co-products to be developed out of the cellulose to ethanol process. Some of these co-products have the potential to replace current petrol products. These co-products may provide the extra revenue generation needed for further investment and development of this industry. This would not only provide better energy independence, but in the United States, it would better satisfy the cellulosic ethanol …
Efficient Energy Optimization For Smart Grid And Smart Community, Avijit Das
Efficient Energy Optimization For Smart Grid And Smart Community, Avijit Das
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The electric power industry has undergone significant changes in response to the environmental concerns during the past decades. Nowadays, due to the integration of different distributed energy systems in the smart grid, the balancing between power generation and load demand becomes a critical problem. Specifically, due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources (RESs) , power system optimization becomes significantly complicated. Due to the uncertain nature of RESs, the system may fail to ensure the power quality which may cause increased operating costs for committing costly reserve units or penalty costs for curtailing load demands. This dissertation presents three …
Modeling Of The Solid-Electrolyte Interface Layer Of Lithium Ion Batteries For Capacity Fade Using Kinetic Monte Carlo, Bigyan Khanal
Modeling Of The Solid-Electrolyte Interface Layer Of Lithium Ion Batteries For Capacity Fade Using Kinetic Monte Carlo, Bigyan Khanal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The accurate model on the growth of Solid-Electrolyte Interface (SEI) layer of Lithiumion batteries is used to study the capacity fade, ageing, and cycling life and provides significant information to ensure the battery safety. In this work, the model for SEI layer dynamics is developed using the Kinetic Monte Carlo approach, in which four major dynamical processes including adsorption, absorption, diffusion, and passivation are described by their individual rates, and determined from chemical and physical properties of materials used in the battery. Total cycle numbers to be simulated determine the number of Kinetic Monte Carlo steps. The formation of a …
Engineering Of Photo-Rechargeable Energy Storage, Ashim Gurung
Engineering Of Photo-Rechargeable Energy Storage, Ashim Gurung
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Solar photovoltaics (PV) is a very promising renewable energy technologies as it is abundant and pollution-free. However, the major drawback of PV power is its intermittency. Integration of batteries with solar modules can reduce overall PV system costs and increase the practicality of PV power. Integration of the photovoltaic cells with supercapacitor storage proved feasibility of combined photovoltaic energy generation and storage but the supercapacitors had low energy storage capacity. Photovoltaic cells with integrated Li-ion batteries as energy storage were demonstrated but had a complex structure due to multiple PV cells; low efficiency due to a mismatch between the PV …
Energy Management System Considering Battery Lifetime, Prajina Tandukar
Energy Management System Considering Battery Lifetime, Prajina Tandukar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The contribution of renewable energy resources in the global energy generation has been increasing at a fast pace. Variability and uncertainty are the two main issues related to renewable energy integration. Thus, energy storage systems (ESSs) are used in such systems to smooth the power generated by the renewable energy sources. In order to ensure reliable and economic operation of the system, energy management system (EMS) is implemented to control the dispatch of the available resources. ESS such as a battery requires significant capital investment and frequent replacement. A battery has a maximum lifetime called float life, regardless of energy …
Mathematical Modeling And Capacity Fading Study In Porous Current Collector Based Lithium Ion Battery, Surendra Bajagain
Mathematical Modeling And Capacity Fading Study In Porous Current Collector Based Lithium Ion Battery, Surendra Bajagain
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries are primary energy storage devices especially in electronic gadgets, electric vehicles and for stationary storage of intermittent renewable energy. These applications demand durable Li-ion batteries with higher energy density. Energy density can be increased either by finding novel electrode materials or by modifying the existing design of the battery. The electrode materials or modified design should not only increase energy density, but also should control the capacity fading of the battery. In this work, existing mathematical model of Li-ion battery was adjusted in the case of the porous current collector. The discharge performance and capacity fading …
Voltage Regulation Of Low Voltage Distribution Networks, Manisha Maharjan
Voltage Regulation Of Low Voltage Distribution Networks, Manisha Maharjan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The modern voltage distribution systems consist of distributed generation (DG), like photovoltaics (PV) and wind. These resources are inexhaustible and environmentally friendly. The existing low voltage (LV) distribution networks are typically designed for unidirectional power flow. The integration of DG makes the LV distribution networks prone to difficulties related to voltage, frequency, and power quality. The main challenges in the integration of DG occur due to the intermittent nature of DG. The amount of DG compared with the total generation resource on a power system network is measured as penetration. The system undergoes through reverse power flow when there is …
Economic Analysis Of A Data Center Virtual Power Plant Participating In Demand Response, Labi Bajracharya
Economic Analysis Of A Data Center Virtual Power Plant Participating In Demand Response, Labi Bajracharya
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Data centers consume a significant amount of energy from the grid, and the number of data centers are increasing at a high rate. As the amount of demand on the transmission system increases, network congestion reduces the economic efficiency of the grid and begins to risk failure. Data centers have underutilized energy resources, such as backup generators and battery storage, which can be used for demand response (DR) to benefit both the electric power system and the data center. Therefore, data center energy resources, including renewable energy, are aggregated and controlled using an energy management system (EMS) to operate as …
The Impact Of Different Battery Technologies For Remote Microgrids, Ali Barjs Allruwaili
The Impact Of Different Battery Technologies For Remote Microgrids, Ali Barjs Allruwaili
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Energy storage systems are considered an effective solution for remote microgrids. They allow to increase the overall system reliability, performance, and reduce operational cost by increasing the energy utilization of renewable energy resources (PV and wind energy). A battery can reduce the system's operational cost by matching a diesel generator with the load demand. There are many types of batteries which can be used in remote microgrids, such as Lead-acid, Lithium-ion, Zinc-bromine and Aqueous Hybrid Ion. By selecting a battery which provides low operational cost and longer battery life is complex, relying on many key technical features which affect the …
Lead Free Ch3nh3sni3 Perovskite Thin-Film With P-Type Semiconducting Nature And Metal-Like Conductivity, Anastasiia Iefanova
Lead Free Ch3nh3sni3 Perovskite Thin-Film With P-Type Semiconducting Nature And Metal-Like Conductivity, Anastasiia Iefanova
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
CH3NH3SnI3 and CH3NH3PbI3 have become very promising light absorbing materials for photovoltaic devices over the last several years. CH3NH3PbI3 based perovskite solar cells have reached a solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency of ~ 22%. Nevertheless, CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells contain lead, which has serious consequences for the environment and human health. In this work, the lead was replaced with less toxic tin. Lead free CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite thin film was prepared by two low temperature solution processing methods and characterized using various tools such as Xray Diffraction (XRD) and absorption spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The distinctive p-type semiconducting nature and metal like conductivity of CH3NH3SnI3 …
Efficiency And Reliability Analysis Of Ac And 380v Dc Data Centers, Bijen Raj Shrestha
Efficiency And Reliability Analysis Of Ac And 380v Dc Data Centers, Bijen Raj Shrestha
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The rapid growth of the Internet has resulted in colossal increase in the number of data centers. A data center consume a tremendous amount of electricity resulting in high operation cost. Even a slight improvement in the power distribution system of a data center could save millions of dollars in electricity bills. Benchmarks for both AC and 380V DC data centers are developed and efficiency analyses thereof have been performed for an entire year. The efficiency of the power distribution system can be increased if number of power conversion stages can be reduced and more efficient converters are used. Use …
Frequency Control Of Wind And Pv Based Isolated Microgrid, Lekhnath Kafle
Frequency Control Of Wind And Pv Based Isolated Microgrid, Lekhnath Kafle
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The wind and solar PV based isolated microgrid can be economical and reliable for the remote area where the grid is not available. The frequency and voltage fluctuation are major problems in such remote microgrid due to intermittent nature of renewable resources like wind and solar PV. The frequency fluctuation should remain within acceptable limits for stable operation of the remote microgrid. This thesis work focuses on frequency control of wind and photovoltaic (PV) based isolated micro-grid using traditional droop control technique. The battery system acts as a master unit which is responsible for setting up the common AC bus …
Implementation Of Solar Irradiance Forecasting Using Markov Switching Model And Energy Management System, Ayush Shakya
Implementation Of Solar Irradiance Forecasting Using Markov Switching Model And Energy Management System, Ayush Shakya
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Photovoltaic (PV) systems integration is increasingly being used to reduce fuel consumption in diesel-based remote microgrids. However, uncertainty and low correlation of PV power availability with load reduce the benefits of PV integration. These challenges can be handled by introducing reserve, which however leads to increased operational cost. Solar irradiance forecasting helps to reduce reserve requirement, thereby improving the utilization of PV energy. In this thesis, a new solar irradiance forecasting method for remote microgrids based on the Markov Switching Model (MSM) is presented. This method uses locally available data to predict one-day-ahead solar irradiance for scheduling energy resources in …
Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte For Lithium Ion Batteries, Roya Naderi
Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte For Lithium Ion Batteries, Roya Naderi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Batteries have been ubiquitously utilized in enormous applications such as portable electronics, satellites, computers, medical instruments, and electric cars. The development of battery technology has been through a long journey since the 17th century, paving its way to commercialization of lithium ion batteries in 1991 by Sony. Rechargeable lithium ion batteries represent the most favorable type of batteries for portable applications due to their high energy density compared to other alkali metals. In 1997, lithium polymer batteries with solid polymer/composite electrolyte were introduced where the safety drawbacks of the liquid electrolyte were eliminated but the ionic conductivity of the batteries …
Study Of Moisture And Water Effects In Low Temperature Crystallization Of Perovskite Film For Efficient Solar Cells, Ashish Dubey
Study Of Moisture And Water Effects In Low Temperature Crystallization Of Perovskite Film For Efficient Solar Cells, Ashish Dubey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have become a promising alternative to fossil fuel based energy sources due to their unique properties such as tunable low bandgap, long charge diffusion length, low exciton binding energy and balanced charge transport. The semiconducting perovskite films are typically prepared from low temperature solution processing and the corresponding solar cells have exhibited power conversion efficiency (PCE) of more than 20%. However, perovskite solar cells suffer from poor stability in presence of moisture and use of toxic element (Pb). Understanding the crystallization process and the effects of moisture and water is important to obtain high quality perovskite …