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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
Full-Text Articles in Electronic Devices and Semiconductor Manufacturing
Redefining Research In Nanotechnology Simulations: A New Approach To Data Caching And Analysis, Darin Tsai, Alan Zhang, Aloysius Rebeiro
Redefining Research In Nanotechnology Simulations: A New Approach To Data Caching And Analysis, Darin Tsai, Alan Zhang, Aloysius Rebeiro
The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research
No abstract provided.
Risk Management Decision Making For Security And Trust In Hardware Supply Chains, Zachary A. Collier, Thomas L. Polmateer, James H. Lambert
Risk Management Decision Making For Security And Trust In Hardware Supply Chains, Zachary A. Collier, Thomas L. Polmateer, James H. Lambert
CESUN Conference
Modern cyber-physical systems are enabled by electronic hardware and embedded systems. The security of these sub-components is a concern during the design and operational phases of cyber-physical system life cycles. Compromised electronics can result in mission-critical failures, unauthorized access, and other severe consequences. As systems become more complex and feature greater connectivity, system owners must make decisions regarding how to mitigate risks and ensure resilience and trust. This paper provides an overview of research efforts related to assessing and managing risks, resilience, and trust with an emphasis on electronic hardware and embedded systems. The research takes a decision-oriented perspective, drawing …
Limitations Of Zt As A Figure Of Merit For Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials, Xufeng Wang, Mark Lundstrom
Limitations Of Zt As A Figure Of Merit For Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials, Xufeng Wang, Mark Lundstrom
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications
Thermoelectric properties of nanocomposites are numerically studied as a function of average grain size or nanoparticle density by simulating the measurements as they would be done experimentally. In accordance with previous theoretical and experimental results, we find that the Seebeck coefficient, power factor and figure of merit, zT, can be increased by nanostructuring when energy barriers exist around the grain boundaries or embedded nanoparticles. When we simulate the performance of a thermoelectric cooler with the same material, however, we find that the maximum temperature difference is much less than expected from the given zT. This occurs because the …
Spice Based Compact Model For Electrical Switching Of Antiferromagnet, Xe Jin Chan, Jan Kaiser, Pramey Upadhyaya
Spice Based Compact Model For Electrical Switching Of Antiferromagnet, Xe Jin Chan, Jan Kaiser, Pramey Upadhyaya
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
A simulation framework that can model the behavior of antiferromagnets (AFMs) is essential to building novel high-speed devices. The electrical switching of AFMs allows for high performance memory applications. With new phenomena in spintronics being discovered, there is a need for flexible and expandable models. With that in mind, we developed a model for AFMs which can be used to simulate AFM switching behavior in SPICE. This approach can be modified for adding modules, keeping pace with new developments. The proposed AFM switching model is based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (LLG). LLG along with an exchange coupling module is implemented …
Design Of Dc-Link Vscf Ac Electrical Power System For The Embraer 190/195 Aircraft, Eduardo Francis Carvalho Freitas, Nihad E. Daidzic
Design Of Dc-Link Vscf Ac Electrical Power System For The Embraer 190/195 Aircraft, Eduardo Francis Carvalho Freitas, Nihad E. Daidzic
Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering
A proposed novel DC-Link VSCF AC-DC-AC electrical power system converter for Embraer 190/195 transport category airplane is presented. The proposed converter could replace the existing conventional system based on the CSCF IDGs. Several contemporary production airplanes already have VSCF as a major or backup source of electrical power. Problems existed with the older VSCF systems in the past; however, the switched power electronics and digital controllers have matured and can be now, in our opinion, safely integrated and replace existing constant-speed hydraulic transmissions powering CSCF AC generators. IGBT power transistors for medium-level power conversion and relatively fast efficient switching are …
Bifacial Solar Panel Database Interfacepumet: A Tool For Global Meteorological Data Mining For Performance And Reliability Prediction Of Large Scale Solar Farms, Binglin Zhao, Xingshu Sun, Muhammad A. Alam
Bifacial Solar Panel Database Interfacepumet: A Tool For Global Meteorological Data Mining For Performance And Reliability Prediction Of Large Scale Solar Farms, Binglin Zhao, Xingshu Sun, Muhammad A. Alam
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Solar energy is one of the top runners among the renewable energy. The design and deployment of solar panels are geographic- and climate-specific to optimize the total energy yield. However, the existing meteorological databases are not accessible to users for direct download and visualization. Hence, we have developed a tool that allows users to download and visualize a variety of global meteorological databases, for instance, the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB). Enabled by our tool, both historical and Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data, such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature, across the entire world in specific time intervals (e.g., hourly …
Atomistic Configuration Interaction Simulation Tool For Semiconductor Based Quantum Computing Devices, Jingbo Wu, Archana Tankasala, Jim Fonseca, Rajib Rahman, Gerhard Klimeck
Atomistic Configuration Interaction Simulation Tool For Semiconductor Based Quantum Computing Devices, Jingbo Wu, Archana Tankasala, Jim Fonseca, Rajib Rahman, Gerhard Klimeck
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Solid-state devices are promising candidates for quantum computing applications due to obvious advantages in compatibility with semiconductor fabrication technologies and the extremely long coherent times of electron and nuclear spins in these devices. In such devices, electron interactions are crucial for single and two qubit gate operations. Thus it is essential to evaluate these electron-electron interactions accurately for precise qubit control. It is shown that Atomistic Configuration Interaction can be used to accurately determine electron-electron interactions in realistic semiconductor quantum computing devices. In this work, an online simulation tool on Atomistic Configuration Interaction has been implemented and published on nanoHUB.org, …
Large Scale Monolithic Solar Panel Simulation - A Study On Partial Shading Degradation, Suhas V. Baddela, Xingshu Sun, Muhammad A. Alam
Large Scale Monolithic Solar Panel Simulation - A Study On Partial Shading Degradation, Suhas V. Baddela, Xingshu Sun, Muhammad A. Alam
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Shadow-induced degradation is a major concern for both power output and long-term reliability in solar cells. Apart from the obvious fact that shading reduces the amount of solar irradiance available to solar panels, it may lead to formation of hot spots, where solar cells are forced to reverse breakdown with localized heating, and potentially, permanent damage. To get a better understanding of shadow-induced degradation, we develop an electro-thermal coupled simulator that can self-consistently solve the electrical and thermal distributions of solar panel under arbitrary shading conditions. The simulation framework consists of two part: a) compact models that can describe the …
Numerical And Analytical Modeling To Determine Performance Trade-Offs In Hydrogel-Based Ph Sensors, Piyush Dak, Muhammad Ashraful Alam
Numerical And Analytical Modeling To Determine Performance Trade-Offs In Hydrogel-Based Ph Sensors, Piyush Dak, Muhammad Ashraful Alam
Birck and NCN Publications
Hydrogel based pH sensors are promising candidates for implantable sensors due to their low-cost and biocompatibility. Despite their commercial potential and numerous theoretical/experimental reports, the trade-offs between different performance parameters are not well understood, and explicitly stated. In this work, we develop a numerical and analytical framework to show that there is a fundamental trade-off between the performance parameters i.e. sensitivity/dynamic range vs. response-time/response-asymmetry in hydrogel sensors under constrained swelling conditions. Specifically, we consider the effect of the gel parameters, such as the ionizable group density ( Nf) and its dissociation constant ( Ka), on the …
Synthesis And Characterization Of 2d Atomic Layers, Adam Charnas, Gang Qiu, Peide Ye
Synthesis And Characterization Of 2d Atomic Layers, Adam Charnas, Gang Qiu, Peide Ye
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
As electronic devices have continued to become smaller, a pressing need has developed for new technologies in order to surpass current size constraints. As such, 2-dimensional materials have become a topic of great interest in experimental device research. Monolayer black phosphorus, or phosphorene, is one such 2D material which shows significant potential as a p-type semiconductor. Phosphorene exhibits a number of unique and desirable electrical properties such as a layer-dependent band gap, high carrier mobility, and anisotropic conductivity. An investigation into optimal growth of black phosphorus, the precursor material to phosphorene, as well as characterization of phosphorene-based devices will be …
Simulating Nanowires And Ultra-Thin Body Transistors Using Nemo5 On Nanohub.Org, Liang Yuan Dai, James E. Fonseca, Chu Yuan Chen, Gerhard Klimeck
Simulating Nanowires And Ultra-Thin Body Transistors Using Nemo5 On Nanohub.Org, Liang Yuan Dai, James E. Fonseca, Chu Yuan Chen, Gerhard Klimeck
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
During the past twenty years, the most important aspects of semiconductor electronics have advanced into the nanometer range, resulting in exponential increases of microprocessor computing performance. As the size of electrical components continues to shrink, the cost of experimental research and industrial fabrication in this field has increased dramatically. Thus, the development of accurate nanoscale model simulations becomes necessary as a measure to decrease the high financial expenses of advancing semiconductor technology. This simulator supports atomistic modeling in order to provide an accurate description of the nanoscale devices, as current electrical components operate in the quantum regime and are affected …
Electronic Desalting For Controlling The Ionic Environment In Droplet-Based Biosensing Platforms, Vikhram Vilasur Swaminathan, Piyush Dak, Bobby Reddy Jr, Eric Salm, Carlos Duarte-Guevara, Yu Zhong, Andrew Fischer, Yi-Shao Liu, Rashid Bashir
Electronic Desalting For Controlling The Ionic Environment In Droplet-Based Biosensing Platforms, Vikhram Vilasur Swaminathan, Piyush Dak, Bobby Reddy Jr, Eric Salm, Carlos Duarte-Guevara, Yu Zhong, Andrew Fischer, Yi-Shao Liu, Rashid Bashir
Birck and NCN Publications
The ability to control the ionic environment in saline waters and aqueous electrolytes is useful for desalination as well as electronic biosensing. We demonstrate a method of electronic desalting at micro-scale through on-chip micro electrodes. We show that, while desalting is limited in bulk solutions with unlimited availability of salts, significant desalting of ≥1 mM solutions can be achieved in sub-nanoliter volume droplets with diameters of ∼250 μm. Within these droplets, by using platinum-black microelectrodes and electrochemical surface treatments, we can enhance the electrode surface area to achieve >99% and 41% salt removal in 1 mM and 10 mM salt …
Bifacial Si Heterojunction-Perovskite Organic-Inorganic Tandem To Produce Highly Efficient (Η T * ~ 33%) Solar Cell, Reza Asadpour, Raghu Vamsi Krishna Chavali, Mohammad Ryyan Khan, Muhammad Ashraful Alam
Bifacial Si Heterojunction-Perovskite Organic-Inorganic Tandem To Produce Highly Efficient (Η T * ~ 33%) Solar Cell, Reza Asadpour, Raghu Vamsi Krishna Chavali, Mohammad Ryyan Khan, Muhammad Ashraful Alam
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications
As single junction photovoltaic (PV) technologies both Si heterojunction (HIT) and perovskite based solar cells promise high efficiencies at low cost. Intuitively a traditional tandem cell design with these cells connected in series is expected to improve the efficiency further. Using a self-consistent numerical modeling of optical and transport characteristics however we find that a traditional series connected tandem design suffers from low JSC due to band-gap mismatch and current matching constraints. Specifically a traditional tandem cell with state-of-the-art HIT ( η=24% ) and perovskite ( η=20% ) sub-cells provides only a modest tandem efficiency of ηT~ 25%. …
Polymer-Based Thermoelectric Devices, Stuart W. Hilsmier, Edward P. Tomlinson, Bryan Boudouris
Polymer-Based Thermoelectric Devices, Stuart W. Hilsmier, Edward P. Tomlinson, Bryan Boudouris
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Currently, over 50% of all energy generated in the US is lost as waste heat, and thermoelectric generators offer a promising means to recoup some of this energy, if their efficiency is improved. While organic thermoelectric materials lack the efficiency of their inorganic counterparts, they are composed of highly abundant resources and have low temperature processing conditions. Recently, a new class of redox-active polymers, radical polymers, has exhibited high electrical conductivity in an entirely amorphous medium. In addition, these radical polymers have a simple synthetic scheme and can be highly tunable to provide desired electrical properties. In this study, the …
Developing Compact Models For Passive Devices On Ibm 45nm Cmos Soi Technology, Yufei Feng, Yanfei Shen, Saeed Mohammadi
Developing Compact Models For Passive Devices On Ibm 45nm Cmos Soi Technology, Yufei Feng, Yanfei Shen, Saeed Mohammadi
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
The standard IBM 45 nm technology is widely adopted for industrial and academic purpose by integrates circuit designers. Original models provided by foundry are not accurate, which might cause inaccuracy in circuit simulations. Equivalent circuit models, using RLC elements to simulate electrical component, will effectively deliver their electrical performance. This study consists of four steps to construct these models. First, Cadence Virtuoso, the commercial circuit design software was used to run simulations and extract data for different device parameters. Second, analyzing tools, like Microsoft Excel or Matlab, are used to analyze the extracted data. Then, equations are written for each …
Role Of Atomic Variability In Dielectric Charging: A First-Principles-Based Multiscale Modeling Study, Ravi Pramod Kumar Vedula, Sambit Palit, Muhammad A. Alam, Alejandro Strachan
Role Of Atomic Variability In Dielectric Charging: A First-Principles-Based Multiscale Modeling Study, Ravi Pramod Kumar Vedula, Sambit Palit, Muhammad A. Alam, Alejandro Strachan
Birck and NCN Publications
We present a dielectric charging model that combinesab initiocalculations of trap levels with a continuum-level transport model and apply it to interpret charging currents in amorphous silicon nitride. Density functional theory calculations on an ensemble of structures predict a distribution of electron trap levels up to 1.8 eV below the conduction band edge and provide insight into the physical trapping mechanisms. Incorporating this information in the continuum model, as opposed to the standard approach of a single adjustable trap level, not only leads to a more accurate description of experimental current transients in metal-insulator-metal capacitors, but also to a more …
Mems Lab Simulation Tool, Oluwatosin D. Adeosun, Sambit Palit, Ankit Jain, Muhammad A. Alam
Mems Lab Simulation Tool, Oluwatosin D. Adeosun, Sambit Palit, Ankit Jain, Muhammad A. Alam
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
MEMS actuators have multiple design applications. Understanding their behavior as well as the ability to predict their actuation characteristics and voltage response is important when designing these actuators. In order to know these devices will behave, designers have to solve multiple analytical equations and experiments that can be very time consuming. Over the course of the summer a tool was created on nanoHUB that will allow users to enter information about a MEMS actuator and provide the voltage response of the actuator. To create the tool, scaling equations were first provided for various geometry configurations and the equations were next …
Assessing The Mvs Model For Nanotransistors, Siyang Liu, Xingshu Sun, Mark S. Lundstrom
Assessing The Mvs Model For Nanotransistors, Siyang Liu, Xingshu Sun, Mark S. Lundstrom
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
A simple semi-empirical compact MOSFET model has been developed, which is called MIT virtual source (MVS) model. Compare to other model used in industry, MVS model requires only a few parameters, most of which can be directly obtained from experiment, and produce accurate results. One aim of this paper is to test the applicability of the MVS model to transistor made from MoS2 rather than silicon. Another target is to determine the sustainability of the MVS model under different transistor tests. To achieve these goals, the MVS model will be used to fit the experimental data on MoS2 …
Thread Based Battery For Low Power E-Textile Applications, Pranav Laxmanan, Girish Chitnis, Rahim Rahimi, Babak Ziaie
Thread Based Battery For Low Power E-Textile Applications, Pranav Laxmanan, Girish Chitnis, Rahim Rahimi, Babak Ziaie
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Textile electronic systems, or e-textiles, are on the rise but their utility is limited by its power demand. Potential applications include point-of-care diagnostic systems that would enable medical monitoring at the site of care. A small, inexpensive, and easy to use battery would enhance the capabilities of e-textile. Here we propose a thread based battery that attempts to satisfy these requirements. The thread based battery uses chemistry similar to an alkaline battery. The fabrication process involves patterning of current collector (silver epoxy or carbon ink) followed by zinc electroplating and manganese dioxide deposition. Thread present in between these two electrodes …
An Ant-Based Sensor Measurement Data Gathering System, Bolun Zhang, Dimitrios Peroulis
An Ant-Based Sensor Measurement Data Gathering System, Bolun Zhang, Dimitrios Peroulis
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Large-scale industries involved with a great amount of sensor measurements in their work are facing many challenges in data collection. Sensors are not on the same network; therefore each measurement has to be managed separately. Gathering all the measurement data to one terminal could be difficult. Once a measurement is obtained, it takes significant amount of time to process the data.The approaches our group takes here is to build a giant ANT wireless network that holds all the sensors’ measurements. To be more specific, every sensor has an ANT chip set up on its side. Each ANT chip is as …
2-Dimensional Personal Motion Energy Harvester For Low Power Electronics, Manuel Gutierrez, Sean Scott, Dimitrios Peroulis
2-Dimensional Personal Motion Energy Harvester For Low Power Electronics, Manuel Gutierrez, Sean Scott, Dimitrios Peroulis
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
In a lab, it becomes crucial to have a way to monitor that lab workers aren’t exposed to too much radiation. Such a device that detects this should have an energy harvester so that batteries aren’t required. The need for an energy harvester that generates power from a user’s movements in 2 dimensions is needed. This energy harvester is needed to power a radiation monitor. An energy harvester that generates power based off movements in 2 dimensions was developed. The energy harvester was created through a series of prototypes. Each prototype was built from a CAD drawing and a stereolithography …
Nanoscale Contacts Between Semiconducting Nanowires And Metallic Graphenes, Seongmin Kim, David B. Janes, Sung-Yool Choi, Sanghyun Ju
Nanoscale Contacts Between Semiconducting Nanowires And Metallic Graphenes, Seongmin Kim, David B. Janes, Sung-Yool Choi, Sanghyun Ju
Birck and NCN Publications
Metal–semiconductor (M–S) junctions are important components in many semiconductor devices, and there is growing interest in realizing high quality M–S contacts that are optically transparent. In this paper, we present our investigations into the characteristics of M–S junction in a semiconducting ZnO nanowire that was directly grown on a multilayer graphene film (MGF). The synthesized nanowires were fabricated into two-terminal devices with MGF as one contact and Al as the other contact. By comparison with devices employing Al contacts at both ends, the nanowire resistivity and specific contact resistivity of the MGF–nanowire contact can be extracted. The extracted specific contact …
Theory Of Charging And Charge Transport In “Intermediate” Thickness Dielectrics And Its Implications For Characterization And Reliability, Sambit Palit, Muhammad A. Alam
Theory Of Charging And Charge Transport In “Intermediate” Thickness Dielectrics And Its Implications For Characterization And Reliability, Sambit Palit, Muhammad A. Alam
Birck and NCN Publications
Thin film dielectrics have broad applications, and the performance degradation due to charge trapping in these thin films is an important and pervasive reliability concern. It has been presumed since the 1960s that current transport in intermediate-thickness (IT) oxides (∼10–100 nm) can be described by Frenkel-Poole (FP) conduction (originally developed for ∼mm-thick films) and algorithms based on the FP theory can be used to extract defect energy levels and charging-limited lifetime. In this paper, we review the published results to show that the presumption of FP-dominated current in IT oxides is incorrect, and therefore, the methods to extract trap-depths to …
Threshold Of Hierarchical Percolating Systems, Jiantong Li, Biswajit Ray, Muhammad Alam, Mikael Ostling
Threshold Of Hierarchical Percolating Systems, Jiantong Li, Biswajit Ray, Muhammad Alam, Mikael Ostling
Birck and NCN Publications
Many modern nanostructured materials and doped polymers are morphologically too complex to be interpreted by classical percolation theory. Here, we develop the concept of a hierarchical percolating (percolation-within-percolation) system to describe such complex materials and illustrate how to generalize the conventional percolation to double-level percolation. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, we find that the double-level percolation threshold is close to, but definitely larger than, the product of the local percolation thresholds for the two enclosed single-level systems. The deviation may offer alternative insights into physics concerning infinite clusters and open up new research directions for percolation theory
Can Morphology Tailoring Improve The Open Circuit Voltage Of Organic Solar Cells?, Biswajit Ray, M. S. Lundstrom, Muhammad A. Alam
Can Morphology Tailoring Improve The Open Circuit Voltage Of Organic Solar Cells?, Biswajit Ray, M. S. Lundstrom, Muhammad A. Alam
Birck and NCN Publications
While the effect of interfacial morphology on the short circuit current (ISC) of organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) is well known, its impact on open circuit voltage (VOC) and fill-factor (FF) are less clear. Since the output power of a solar cell Pout = ISCVOCFF, such understanding is critical for designing high-performance, morphology-engineered OPVs. In this letter, we provide an explicit analytical proof that any effort to radically improve VOC by tailoring bulk heterojunction morphology is futile, because any increase in ISC due to larger interface area is counterbalanced by corresponding increase …
Self-Assembly Of Single Dielectric Nanoparticle Layers And Integration In Polymer-Based Solar Cells, Jonathan E. Allen, Biswajit Ray, Mohammad R. Khan, Kevin G. Yager, Muhammad Ashraful Alam, Charles T. Black
Self-Assembly Of Single Dielectric Nanoparticle Layers And Integration In Polymer-Based Solar Cells, Jonathan E. Allen, Biswajit Ray, Mohammad R. Khan, Kevin G. Yager, Muhammad Ashraful Alam, Charles T. Black
Birck and NCN Publications
A single, self-assembled layer of highly uniform dielectric alumina nanoparticles improves the photovoltaic performance of organic semiconductor bulk heterojunction solar cells. The block copolymer based self-assembly approach is readily amenable to the large areas required for solar cell fabrication. A fraction of the performance gain results from incident light scattering which increases active layer absorption and photocurrent output, consistent with device simulations. The nanoparticle layer also roughens the device electrode surface, increasing contact area and improving device fill factor through more efficient charge collection
Experimental And Theoretical Study Of Polarization-Dependent Optical Transitions In Inas Quantum Dots At Telecommunication-Wavelengths (1300-1500 Nm), Muhammad Usman, Susannah Heck, Edmund Clarke, Peter Spencer, Hoon Ryu, Ray Murray, Gerhard Klimeck
Experimental And Theoretical Study Of Polarization-Dependent Optical Transitions In Inas Quantum Dots At Telecommunication-Wavelengths (1300-1500 Nm), Muhammad Usman, Susannah Heck, Edmund Clarke, Peter Spencer, Hoon Ryu, Ray Murray, Gerhard Klimeck
Birck and NCN Publications
observed, in contrast to recent reports for single QDJOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 109, 104510 (2011)
The design of some optical devices, such as semiconductor optical amplifiers for telecommunication applications, requires polarization-insensitive optical emission at long wavelengths (1300–1550 nm). Self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) typically exhibit ground state optical emissions at wavelengths shorter than 1300 nm with highly polarization-sensitive characteristics, although this can be modified by the use of low growth rates, the incorporation of strain-reducing capping layers, or the growth of closely-stacked QD layers. Exploiting the strain interactions between closely stacked QD layers also affords greater freedom in the choice …
Tuning Lattice Thermal Conductance By Porosity Control In Ultrascaled Si And Ge Nanowires, Abhijeet Paul, Gerhard Klimeck
Tuning Lattice Thermal Conductance By Porosity Control In Ultrascaled Si And Ge Nanowires, Abhijeet Paul, Gerhard Klimeck
Birck and NCN Publications
Porous nanowires NWs with tunable thermal conductance are examined as a candidate for thermoelectric devices with high efficiency. Thermal conductance l of porous NWs is calculated using the phonon dispersion obtained from a modified valence force field model. Porosity in the NWs break the crystal symmetry leading to the reduction in ballistic l. 100 Si and Ge NWs show similar percentage reductions in l for the same amount of porosity. The model predicts an anisotropic reduction in l in SiNWs, with 111 showing the maximum reduction followed by 100 and 110 for a similar hole radius. The reduction in l …
A Compact Physical Model For Morphology Induced Intrinsic Degradation Of Polymer Based Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell, Biswajit Ray, Muhammad A. Alam
A Compact Physical Model For Morphology Induced Intrinsic Degradation Of Polymer Based Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell, Biswajit Ray, Muhammad A. Alam
Birck and NCN Publications
The gradual loss of efficiency during field operation poses a fundamental challenge for economic viability of any solar cell technology. Well known examples include light-induced degradation in Si-based cell (Staebler-Wronski effect), Cu diffusion in thin film (CIGS) cell, hot-spot degradation in series connected modules, etc. Here we develop a compact model for an intrinsic degradation concern for bulk heterojunction type organic photovoltaic (BH-OPV) cells that involve continued (thermal) phase segregation of the donor-acceptor molecules leading to characteristic loss of efficiency and performance. Our approach interprets a number of BH-OPV device degradation measurements within a common framework and suggests/rationalizes intuitive routes …
Universality Of Non-Ohmic Shunt Leakage In Thin-Film Solar Cells, Sourabh Dongaonkar, Jonathan D. Servaites, Grayson M. Ford, Stephen Loser, James E. Moore, Ryan M. Gelfand, Hooman Mohseni, Hugh W. Hillhouse, Rakesh Agrawal, Mark A. Ratner, Tobin J. Marks, Mark Lundstrom, Muhammad A. Alam
Universality Of Non-Ohmic Shunt Leakage In Thin-Film Solar Cells, Sourabh Dongaonkar, Jonathan D. Servaites, Grayson M. Ford, Stephen Loser, James E. Moore, Ryan M. Gelfand, Hooman Mohseni, Hugh W. Hillhouse, Rakesh Agrawal, Mark A. Ratner, Tobin J. Marks, Mark Lundstrom, Muhammad A. Alam
Birck and NCN Publications
We compare the dark current-voltage (IV) characteristics of three different thin-film solar cell types: hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) p-i-n cells, organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) cells, and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) cells. All three device types exhibit a significant shunt leakage current at low forward bias (V< ∼ 0.4) and reverse bias, which cannot be explained by the classical solar cell diode model. This parasitic shunt current exhibits non-Ohmic behavior, as opposed to the traditional constant shunt resistance model for photovoltaics. We show here that this shunt leakage (Ish), across all three solar cell types considered, is characterized by the following common phenomenological features: (a) voltage symmetry about V = 0, (b) nonlinear (power law) voltage dependence, and (c) extremely weak temperature dependence. Based on this analysis, we provide a simple method of subtracting this shunt current component from …